EP2620737B1 - Nicht tödliche munition - Google Patents

Nicht tödliche munition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2620737B1
EP2620737B1 EP20130151219 EP13151219A EP2620737B1 EP 2620737 B1 EP2620737 B1 EP 2620737B1 EP 20130151219 EP20130151219 EP 20130151219 EP 13151219 A EP13151219 A EP 13151219A EP 2620737 B1 EP2620737 B1 EP 2620737B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
tube
case
lethal ammunition
propelling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20130151219
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2620737A1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Caillaut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2620737A1 publication Critical patent/EP2620737A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A1/00—Missile propulsion characterised by the use of explosive or combustible propellant charges
    • F41A1/06—Adjusting the range without varying elevation angle or propellant charge data, e.g. by venting a part of the propulsive charge gases, or by adjusting the capacity of the cartridge or combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/067—Mounting or locking missiles in cartridge cases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/02—Cartridges

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of non-lethal munitions.
  • Non-lethal ammunition generally includes a non-lethal projectile that is integral with a propellant charge holster.
  • Licences WO2008 / 112300 , US2007 / 0151473 and US2005 / 0268808 describe such non-lethal munitions.
  • the aforementioned patents describe 40mm ammunition for grenade launcher. These ammunition comprise a propellant charge which is disposed in a rear propulsion case integral with the case. This housing delimits a high pressure chamber which communicates with an internal volume to the case by a calibrated orifice. The internal volume of the case is what is called the low pressure chamber.
  • the projectile is crimped at a mouth of the case. It is separated from the latter when the pressure reaches a minimum level which depends both on the amount of powder and the volume of the low pressure chamber.
  • the decoupling effort may vary from one ammunition to another leading to dispersions of shooting speed characteristics. This is particularly troublesome for a projectile that must be non-lethal.
  • the low pressure chamber is delimited by the rear of the projectile.
  • a modification of the geometry of the projectile will affect its mass and its ballistic characteristics, which also partly condition its non-lethal character.
  • a reduction in the volume of the low pressure chamber will lead to an extension of the projectile and therefore to a heavier of the latter, which goes against the desired non-lethal effect.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an ammunition architecture that makes it possible to overcome such disadvantages.
  • the munition according to the invention thus makes it possible to control the speed of firing of the projectile despite the presence of a holster having significant dimensions which are imposed by the caliber of the weapon.
  • the ammunition according to the invention also makes it easier to mount the projectile on the case without this assembly adversely affecting the reproducibility of the firing speed characteristics of the projectile.
  • the invention relates to a non-lethal munition comprising a case incorporating a propellant housing, which encloses a propellant charge, and a projectile integral with the case, ammunition characterized in that the projectile is secured to the case by means of a tube extending a rear part of the projectile, coaxial tube to the case and attached to the propulsion unit at a level of outlet orifice of the propellant gases, the pressure of the gases from the propulsion unit being released when firing inside the tube.
  • the tube may comprise at least one annular rupture primer intended to break by the effect of the gas pressure during firing to release the projectile.
  • the tube may be formed in one piece with the rear part of the projectile.
  • the tube may be made of a plastic or composite material.
  • the propulsion unit comprises a high pressure chamber containing a propellant powder and disposed at a distance from an ignition component, the high pressure chamber being separated from an intermediate chamber by a grid and the chamber intermediate communicating with the interior of the tube via a nozzle.
  • the nozzle may comprise a neck followed by a conical portion comprising an insert for holding a lid closing the intermediate chamber.
  • the projectile may include a front portion of compressible foam.
  • the rear part of the projectile may comprise a peripheral bead constituting a belt, a first groove behind the bead and receiving an O-ring and a second groove behind the first groove and having a depth greater than that of the first groove.
  • the caliber of the projectile may be between 20 mm and 50 mm.
  • the figure 1 shows a munition 1 comprising a case 2 which incorporates at its rear part a propulsion unit 3 and which carries at its front part a projectile 4.
  • the case 2 is a metal case made of steel or brass and which is adapted to the caliber of the weapon intended to fire the projectile.
  • the case 2 represented in the figure is a case of 25 mm caliber which comprises at its front part a shrink 2a which surrounds the projectile 4 and at its rear a base 2b which carries a groove 2c allowing, after the firing of the ammunition , extracting the case 2 from the chamber of a weapon (not shown).
  • the propulsion casing 3 comprises a threaded portion 3a which is screwed into the base 2b of the casing. It contains at its rear part an ignition component 5, such as an igniter, which is connected to a high pressure chamber 6 by an axial channel 7.
  • an ignition component 5 such as an igniter
  • the high pressure chamber 6 contains a propellant powder 8 which is here a conventional grain powder usually used for medium caliber ammunition. For example a simple B7T base powder. This powder is disposed at a distance from the ignition component 5.
  • a wedge washer 9 is interposed between the bottom of the upper chamber pressure 6 and the powder 8 (this washer could however be omitted).
  • a straw 10 which can be of different materials (aluminum, tin, paper, or plastic material) is attached between the washer 9 and the propulsion unit 3. This straw 10 makes it possible to seal the axial channel 7.
  • the powder 8 is represented in the figure by a simple rectangle. It is understood that the grains of powder may also be housed in the internal volume of the washer 9 and will be held between the flap 10 and a metal gate 12 which separates the high pressure chamber 6 from an intermediate chamber 11. Of course, to maintain the grains of the powder 8 inside the high-pressure chamber 6, the grid 12 has a mesh size which is chosen smaller than the size of the grains of the propellant powder 8.
  • the mesh size of the grid 12 is of the order of 1 to 1.5 mm for powder grains 8 having a diameter of 2.2 mm and a height of 2.2 mm.
  • the propulsion unit 3 is extended at its front part by an intermediate piece 13 which delimits the intermediate chamber 11 and which carries an axial nozzle 14.
  • the nozzle comprises a rear portion 14a forming the nozzle neck (part having a venturi profile c ie a convergent cone followed by a diverging cone) and a conical front portion 14b.
  • the latter is formed by an insert which is screwed inside the intermediate piece 13 and which maintains a lid 15 closing the nozzle 14.
  • the cap 15 ensures a good ignition of the powder 8 in ensuring the confinement of the gases contained in the intermediate chamber 11. When the pressure reaches a certain level in this chamber 11, the lid 15 is broken.
  • the projectile 4 is secured to the case 2 by via a tube 16 which extends a rear portion 4a of the projectile 4.
  • the tube 16 is formed integrally with the rear part 4a of the projectile.
  • the tube 16 and the rear part 4a of the projectile are made of a plastic material or a composite material.
  • the tube 16 comprises an annular rupture primer 17 which is a groove separating the tubular portion 16 (intended to remain inside the case 2 after firing) and the rear portion 4a of the projectile.
  • the tube 16 is coaxial with the case 2 and has a threaded portion 16a which is screwed on the intermediate piece 13 extending the propulsion unit 3.
  • the tube 16 caps the nozzle 14 of the propellant gas outlet.
  • the volume 16b internal to the tube 16 constitutes a low pressure chamber within which the pressure of the gases from the propulsion unit 3 will be released during firing.
  • This internal volume 16b extends axially inside the rear part 4a of the projectile, beyond the breaking primer 17.
  • the rupture primer 17 is intended to break by the effect of the pressure of the gases exerted during the firing in the chamber 16b, thus releasing the projectile 4.
  • the projectile 4 which is represented at figure 1 comprises a front portion 4b compressible foam which is housed in an internal bore 18 to the rear part 4a of the projectile.
  • the foam 4b is bonded to the rear portion 4a.
  • the density and mass of the foam will be chosen according to the desired effect (shock, marking).
  • the rear part 4a of the projectile comprises a peripheral bead 19 which constitutes a belt intended to take the stripes of the tube of the weapon (not represented) and to ensure both the rotational drive of the projectile 4 and the propulsive gas seal, in the barrel of the weapon, during firing.
  • An O-ring 26 is positioned on the rear part 4a of the projectile, in a first groove 27 behind the bead 19. Moreover, a second groove 28 is arranged on the rear portion 4a, behind the O-ring 26. The second groove 28 is deeper than the first groove 27.
  • the seal 26 is intended to provide a seal between the inside and the outside of the case 2 (mainly with respect to moisture).
  • the seal also provides a low pressure seal during the projectile advance into the tube, just before the engagement of the bead 19 in the scratches of the weapon.
  • the second groove 28 is intended to receive the O-ring 26 when the projectile 4 is engaged in the tube. It is the friction between the seal 26 and the barrel of the weapon which push back the seal 26, make it leave the first groove 27 and position it in the second groove 28. Once in the second groove 28, the seal 26 is no longer in contact with the tube and does not interfere with the advance of the projectile. Such an arrangement makes it possible to reduce the friction transmitted to the projectile as it advances into the barrel of the weapon.
  • the belt 19 When the projectile 4 is screwed into the case 2, the belt 19 also constitutes an abutment that bears against the front end of the shrink 2a of the case.
  • the rear part 4a of the projectile has a frustoconical shape 4c.
  • the length of this frustoconical portion as well as the overall mass of the projectile 4 and the positioning of the center of gravity of the projectile are calculated so that the projectile can be gyrostabilized during firing and has a stable trajectory.
  • the figure 2 shows the projectile 4 alone, once separated from the tube 16.
  • the rear part 4a of the projectile comprises an empty volume 21 which corresponds to the part of the low pressure chamber 16b which extended beyond the breaking primer 17.
  • This volume 21 makes it possible to reduce the aerodynamic braking on the trajectory following the classic phenomenon of reduction of bottom drag.
  • the case is placed in the chamber of a conventional weapon with the appropriate caliber.
  • the pressure of the gases develops in the high pressure chamber 6 and the gases pass through the gate 12 to fill the intermediate chamber 11.
  • the gate 12 maintains the powder grains of the charge 8 inside the high pressure chamber 6.
  • the pressure in the intermediate chamber 11 increases rapidly to a preset pressure (of the order of 1 megapascal) at which the lid 15 bursts.
  • the gases then leave the intermediate chamber 11 via the nozzle 14 to come to relax in the low pressure chamber 16b formed by the inside of the tube 16.
  • the rise of the pressure in the low pressure chamber 16b is progressive.
  • the rupture primer 17 breaks, thus releasing the projectile 4.
  • the latter then moves in the tube of the weapon, which has the effect of to increase the volume available for the propellant gases which follow the projectile in the barrel of the weapon and which also spread in the volume inside the case 16 and surrounding it.
  • the pressure of the gases decreases but this decrease remains progressive because the high pressure chamber 6 continues to supply the low pressure chamber 16b with gas through the intermediate chamber 11 and the nozzle 14.
  • the speed obtained is of the order of 60 to 100 m / s for a projectile of 25mm caliber having a mass of 50 to 20 grams, the maximum speed being obtained for the projectile of 20 grams and the minimum speed for the projectile of 50 grams.
  • the fastening of the projectile 4 and the case 2 is simplified since it is achieved by simply screwing the tube 16 on the intermediate piece 13. No crimping of the case is no longer necessary. Such crimping would also have been difficult to achieve on a plastic projectile body, the crimping force may damage the projectile.
  • the speed of the projectile is easy to control. It can indeed be modulated by varying the value of the internal volume of the low pressure chamber 16b.
  • a munition adapted to another barrel size, for example a caliber of between 20 mm and 50 mm.
  • the architecture will be adapted to the caliber by varying the volume of the low-pressure chamber 16b which is produced, thus on the single geometry of the tube 16, and of course also adapting the necessary volume of propellant powder.
  • a munition whose projectile 4 carries a spongy front part impregnated with a marking dye or a munition whose front part of the body is hollow and contains a tear gas material.
  • the figure 3a shows for example a munition in which the tube 16 has a front end carrying a thread 22 which engages in a tapping 23 made on an internal cylindrical wall of the empty space 21 carried by the rear part 4a of the projectile 4.
  • the rupture primer 17 is in the form of a circular groove.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to use different materials to produce the tube 16 and the projectile 4. For example a plastics material more resistant to the tube 16 than to the projectile 4 (or having different mechanical characteristics such as density) .
  • FIG. figure 3b To facilitate the screwing and unscrewing of the tube 16 and the projectile 4, it is possible, as shown in FIG. figure 3b to provide a metal ring 24 which is crimped to the rear of the projectile 4. This ring carries the tapping 23 which receives the threaded end 22 of the tube 16. The mass of the ring will of course be reduced to maintain the non-lethal character of the projectile.
  • the rear part 4a of the projectile may be overmolded on the ring 24.
  • the threading itself may alternatively act as a rupture primer between the tube 16 and the projectile 4.
  • the figure 3c shows another embodiment in which the tube 16 has at its front end two cylindrical flanges 25 which are shearable. These flanges are embedded in the material of the rear part 4a of the projectile 4. It may for example overmould this part of the projectile on the front end of the tube 16.
  • the number and width of the flanges 25 will be chosen such that this mechanical connection can be broken for a given pressure level in the chamber 16b.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Nicht tödliche Munition (1), die eine Hülse (2), die ein Treibmittelgehäuse (3) aufnimmt, das eine Treibladung (8) umhüllt, und ein Geschoss (4) umfasst, das fest mit der Hülse verbunden ist, wobei die Munition dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das Geschoss (4) über eine Röhre (16), die einen hinteren Abschnitt (4a) des Geschosses (4) verlängert, fest mit der Hülse (2) verbunden ist, wobei die Röhre koaxial zur Hülse (2) verläuft und an dem Treibmittelgehäuse (3) im Bereich einer Ausströmöffnung für Treibgase befestigt ist, wobei der Druck der Gase aus dem Treibmittelgehäuse (3) beim Schuss im Inneren der Röhre (16) abgebaut wird.
  2. Nicht tödliche Munition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Röhre (16) mindestens eine ringförmige Sollbruchstelle (17) aufweist, die durch die Wirkung des Drucks der Gase beim Schuss reißen soll, damit das Geschoss (4) abgefeuert wird.
  3. Nicht tödliche Munition nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Röhre (16) aus einem einzigen Stück mit dem hinteren Abschnitt (4a) des Geschosses geformt ist.
  4. Nicht tödliche Munition nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Röhre (16) aus einem Kunststoff oder Verbundmaterial ausgeführt ist.
  5. Nicht tödliche Munition nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Treibmittelgehäuse (3) eine Hochdruckkammer aufweist, die ein Treibladungspulver (8) einhüllt und in einer Entfernung zu einem Zündbauteil (5) angeordnet ist, wobei die Hochdruckkammer (6) von einer Zwischenkammer (11) durch ein Gitter (12) getrennt ist und die Zwischenkammer (11) mit dem Inneren der Röhre (16) über eine Düse (14) in Verbindung steht.
  6. Nicht tödliche Munition nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düse (14) einen Hals (14a) umfasst, auf den ein konischer Abschnitt (14b) folgt, der einen Einsatz aufweist, der ermöglicht, dass ein Verschluss (15) gehalten wird, der die Zwischenkammer (11) verschließt.
  7. Nicht tödliche Munition nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Geschoss (4) einen vorderen Abschnitt (4b) aus komprimierbarem Schaum aufweist.
  8. Nicht tödliche Munition nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Abschnitt (4a) des Geschosses eine Umfangswulst (19), die einen Ring darstellt, eine erste Rille (27) hinter der Wulst, die eine O-Ring-Dichtung (26) aufnimmt, und eine zweite Rille (28) hinter der ersten Rille (27) aufweist, die eine größere Tiefe als die der ersten Rille (27) aufweist.
  9. Nicht tödliche Munition nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kaliber des Geschosses zwischen 20 mm und 50 mm liegt.
EP20130151219 2012-01-26 2013-01-14 Nicht tödliche munition Active EP2620737B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1200239A FR2986318B1 (fr) 2012-01-26 2012-01-26 Munition non letale

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2620737A1 EP2620737A1 (de) 2013-07-31
EP2620737B1 true EP2620737B1 (de) 2014-07-23

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20130151219 Active EP2620737B1 (de) 2012-01-26 2013-01-14 Nicht tödliche munition

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2620737B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2502767T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2986318B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3013826B1 (fr) * 2013-11-27 2016-05-13 Nexter Munitions Munition a letalite reduite
CN108759587B (zh) * 2018-05-09 2023-06-27 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 一种爆震式催泪弹

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE0302916D0 (sv) * 2003-11-04 2003-11-04 Comtri Teknik Ab Utbytbar drivpatron
US7287475B2 (en) * 2006-01-03 2007-10-30 Combined Systems, Inc. Reloadable non-lethal training cartridge
AU2007216864A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-17 William James Sharplin Ammunition
US20080223246A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Dindl Frank J Burping projectile
DE102009048365B3 (de) * 2009-10-06 2010-10-07 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Patronierte Munition mit einer Berstvorrichtung als Verbindung zwischen Geschoss und Antrieb

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2502767T3 (es) 2014-10-06
FR2986318A1 (fr) 2013-08-02
EP2620737A1 (de) 2013-07-31
FR2986318B1 (fr) 2014-02-28

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