EP0526392B1 - Immixtion de petites quantités de fluides - Google Patents

Immixtion de petites quantités de fluides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0526392B1
EP0526392B1 EP92810503A EP92810503A EP0526392B1 EP 0526392 B1 EP0526392 B1 EP 0526392B1 EP 92810503 A EP92810503 A EP 92810503A EP 92810503 A EP92810503 A EP 92810503A EP 0526392 B1 EP0526392 B1 EP 0526392B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
sub
main
metering
mixing device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92810503A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0526392A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Fleischli
Felix Streiff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Chemtech AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer Chemtech AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer Chemtech AG filed Critical Sulzer Chemtech AG
Publication of EP0526392A1 publication Critical patent/EP0526392A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0526392B1 publication Critical patent/EP0526392B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4323—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa using elements provided with a plurality of channels or using a plurality of tubes which can either be placed between common spaces or collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for mixing a small amount of a fluid into a main stream of another fluid.
  • Very good homogeneity (with a maximum deviation of less than 5% based on the mean value) must be achieved so that the neutralization reaction takes place completely in the subsequent catalyst on the one hand, in order to be able to meet low nitrogen oxide limit values and on the other hand no excess ammonia breaks through .
  • the stoichiometric mixing ratios must therefore be met uniformly and continuously over the entire channel cross section. This mixing quality must also be achieved over short distances and with a low pressure drop, for which known mixing devices are not yet sufficient.
  • the division of the inlet cross-section of the mixing element into partial areas defined by the mixer structure on the one hand and the assignment of the directed metering openings to these partial areas on the other hand achieve a combined, particularly good homogenization effect if the flow rates through the metering openings are set proportionally to the partial flows through the corresponding partial areas.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the metering openings assigned to each partial area can be directly proportional to this partial area.
  • Very simple directional metering openings can be used as cylindrical bores the wall of the main metering tube or as outlet tubes. The metering openings can advantageously be directed towards the interior of the subchannels.
  • the cross section of the main metering tube can be at least twice as large as the sum of the cross-sectional areas of its metering openings.
  • the subchannels of the mixing element can preferably have an angle of 25 ° to 35 ° to the main flow direction.
  • Particularly intensive turbulence mixing can also be achieved with a larger angle of 45 °, for example.
  • the good homogenization according to the invention can be achieved with very short mixing elements, for example with a length of the mixing element which is one to two times as large as the distance between two adjacent crossing points of the mixing element.
  • Further mixing devices with particularly high mixing qualities with a low pressure drop can have a free post-mixing section in the main channel after the first mixing element, which is two to six times as large as the distance between adjacent crossing points of the mixing element or one to three times as large as the smallest diameter of the main channel.
  • a second mixing element can also be arranged after the post-mixing section.
  • at least two mixing elements can be arranged in the main channel, which have different orientations of their subchannels.
  • the devices according to the invention are also particularly well suited for mixing ammonia into the flue gas stream of a denitrification plant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a mixing device according to the invention in three views with a injection system 3 for an admixing fluid 1 into another fluid 2 in a main channel 7 and a static mixing element 4 connected downstream in the main flow direction Z.
  • the inlet cross section F is divided into partial areas F3, F4 which are defined by the partial channels 15, 16 formed by the mixing element 4.
  • Such a subchannel 15 of a mixing element consisting of V-shaped layers 11 (for example Sulzer SMV mixer) is shown in FIG. 1d. These form the two walls 13 of the subchannel 15 with a cross-sectional area F3, while on the open side the boundary 14 is defined by the layer plane 12.
  • the combination of the layers 11 is shown in perspective in FIG. 2.
  • F3 is the input cross-sectional area of a subchannel 15 in a layer 11, corresponding to the edge channels in FIG. 1a.
  • the mixing element has four layers which divide the input cross-section F into ten partial channels 15 at the edge with partial areas F3 and into seven inner partial channels 16 with partial areas F4.
  • the assigned injection system 3 consists of two main metering tubes 20 running parallel to the layer planes 12, with metering openings 21 directed towards the partial areas F3, F4 corresponding partial areas are as proportional as possible. If the flow velocity in the main channel 7 is the same over the entire input cross section F, the flow rate through the assigned metering openings is set proportionally to the partial areas, for the sake of simplicity mostly by the total cross-sectional area Q3, Q4, that of each partial area F3, F4 assigned metering openings is proportional to these partial areas. Thus, in the example of FIG.
  • This results in a total of 24 metering openings or outlet pipes 22, each with a cross-sectional area Q3 for the input cross section F 24 F3.
  • 1b shows the distance P between two adjacent crossing points 17 in the main flow direction Z.
  • the length S of the mixing element 4 which is kept as small as possible, corresponds, for example, to 1 to 2 times the distance P. In this example, S is approximately 1.3 times P and in FIG. 4 the length S is P.
  • FIG. 8 the same input cross section with the subchannels F3, F4 is combined with another injection device.
  • Three main metering tubes 20 run here transversely to the layers 11 with outlet tubes 22 and 23.
  • Either two outlet tubes 22 with cross-sectional areas 1/2 Q3 or 1 outlet tube 23 with cross-sectional area Q3 are assigned to the outer partial channels 15 with partial areas F3.
  • Either 4 outlet pipes 22 with surface 1/2 Q3 or 2 outlet pipes 23 with surfaces Q3 are assigned to the inner partial channels 16 with partial surfaces F4.
  • the total of 24 outlet pipes 22 and the 12 outlet pipes 23 have a summed cross-sectional area of all metering openings of 24 Q3, which corresponds to the inlet cross section F of 24 F3.
  • the uppermost and lowermost outlet pipes 24 have twice the cross-sectional area of the inner outlet pipes 23.
  • metering openings 21 or the outlet pipes 22, 23, 24 are always directed towards the interior of partial channels 15, 16 of the mixing element 4 and not towards channel walls 13 or crossing points 17.
  • L is usually larger than D.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further example with a static mixing element which consists of crossed rectangular plates or webs which are connected to one another in the layer planes 12 at the crossing points 17.
  • a static mixing element which consists of crossed rectangular plates or webs which are connected to one another in the layer planes 12 at the crossing points 17.
  • intersecting, rectangular partial channels 15 with cross-sectional areas F3 are formed, which are delimited on the closed two sides by a channel wall 13 and on the two open sides 14 by the layer planes 12.
  • the main channel cross section F is divided into 20 partial areas F3 of the subchannels 15 of equal size, each Partial area F3 is assigned a directed outlet pipe 22 with cross-sectional area Q3.
  • the main channel 7 in FIG. 7 has a circular cross section F. 5 layers 11 divide this area F into approximately 5 equally sized partial areas F2. Each partial area F2 is assigned a total cross-sectional area Q2 of the outlet pipes, the three inner layers and partial areas F2 each having three outlet pipes 24 with 1/3 Q2 and the two outer layers 2 outlet pipes 23 with 1/6 Q2 and an outlet pipe 24 with 1/3 Q2 are assigned.
  • Fig. 8 shows a mixing device after a sheet in the main channel 7.
  • the layer planes of the first mixing element 4 are placed in the direction of the sheet for the purpose of rapid inhomogeneity compensation. This is followed by a free post-mixing section N, which is approximately twice as long as the mixing element 4. After the post-mixing section N is followed by a second mixing element 5, the layers of which are oriented perpendicular to the layers of the mixing element 4.
  • each main metering tube should be at least twice as large as the summer of the cross-sectional areas of all metering openings of a main metering tube.
  • a total of between 20 and 100 metering openings 21 should be provided.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Dispositif d'introduction d'une petite quantité d'un fluide (1) dans un flux principal d'un autre fluide (2) pour les mélanger dans un canal principal comprenant un système d'injection (3) et au moins un élément mélangeur statique (4, 5) monté en aval et emplissant la section du canal principal, le ou chaque élément mélangeur statique étant constitué de couches (11) et de canaux élémentaires et les canaux élémentaires des couches voisines se croisant et s'ouvrant les uns sur les autres, la section d'entrée (F) de l'élément mélangeur étant subdivisée en surfaces élémentaires (F1, F2, F3, F4) et cette subdivision étant définie par les couches de l'élément mélangeur (F1, F2) ou par les canaux élémentaires (F3, F4) formés par l'élément mélangeur, le système d'injection se composant d'au moins un tube principal de dosage (20) comprenant plusieurs orifices de dosage (21) orientés sur les surfaces élémentaires et dont la longueur L est au moins égale à la moitié de leur diamètre D et les orifices de dosage étant associés aux surfaces élémentaires de manière que les débits passant par les orifices de dosage soient au moins sensiblement proportionnels aux flux élémentaires du flux principal passant par les surfaces élémentaires correspondantes (F1, F2, F3, F4).
  2. Dispositif de mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la surface transversale totale (Q1 à Q4) des orifices de dosage associés à chaque surface élémentaire est proportionnelle à cette surface élémentaire (F1 à F4).
  3. Dispositif de mélange selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les orifices orientés de dosage (21) consistent en des trous cylindriques réalisés dans la cloison du tube principal de dosage.
  4. Dispositif de mélange selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les orifices orientés de dosage sont réalisés sous la forme de tubes de sortie (22, 23, 24).
  5. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les orifices de dosage sont orientés sur l'intérieur des canaux élémentaires (15, 16).
  6. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces élémentaires (F1, F2) sont définies par les couches et en ce qu'un unique tube principal de dosage qui est prévu est perpendiculaire aux plans (12) des couches.
  7. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces élémentaires (F3, F4) sont définies par des canaux élémentaires et en ce qu'au moins deux tubes principaux de dosage (20) sont prévus.
  8. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la section de chaque tube principal de dosage est au moins deux fois aussi grande que la somme des surfaces transversales de tous les orifices de dosage d'un tube principal de dosage.
  9. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au total entre 20 et 100 orifices de dosage (21) sont prévus.
  10. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les canaux élémentaires (15) de l'élément mélangeur inscrivent un angle W de 25° à 35° avec la direction principale Z de circulation dans le canal principal.
  11. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les canaux élémentaires qui se croisent définissent dans la direction principale de circulation Z au moins deux lieux de croisement (17) qui sont voisins et placés à une distance P et en ce que la longueur S de l'élément mélangeur est une à deux fois aussi grande que cette distance P.
  12. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un trajet libre N de post-mélange, qui est deux à six fois aussi grand que la distance P séparant deux lieux voisins de croisement de l'élément mélangeur, est prévu dans le canal principal à la suite du premier élément mélangeur (4).
  13. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un trajet libre de post-mélange N qui fait suite au premier élément mélangeur et qui est une à trois fois aussi grand que le plus petit diamètre A du canal principal.
  14. Dispositif de mélange selon les revendications 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce qu'un second élément mélangeur (5) est disposé à la suite du trajet de post-mélange N.
  15. Dispositif de mélange selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux éléments mélangeurs (4, 5) qui sont disposés dans le canal principal présentent des orientations différentes de leurs canaux élémentaires (15).
  16. Utilisation du dispositif mélangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans une installation Denox de mélange d'ammoniac à un flux de gaz de fumées.
EP92810503A 1991-07-30 1992-07-01 Immixtion de petites quantités de fluides Expired - Lifetime EP0526392B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH227591 1991-07-30
CH2275/91 1991-07-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0526392A1 EP0526392A1 (fr) 1993-02-03
EP0526392B1 true EP0526392B1 (fr) 1995-11-15

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EP92810503A Expired - Lifetime EP0526392B1 (fr) 1991-07-30 1992-07-01 Immixtion de petites quantités de fluides

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US (1) US5380088A (fr)
EP (1) EP0526392B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3385042B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE130220T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59204320D1 (fr)

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DE10019414C2 (de) * 2000-04-19 2003-06-12 Ballard Power Systems Vorrichtung zum Einleiten von Gas in einen Rohrabschnitt
DE102008028616A1 (de) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Heinrich Gillet Gmbh Mischer
CN102151503A (zh) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-17 巴布科克和威尔科克斯能量产生集团公司 阶梯式下降的气体混合装置
CN103968372A (zh) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-06 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 用于混合气体的流体分配和混合栅格

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10019414C2 (de) * 2000-04-19 2003-06-12 Ballard Power Systems Vorrichtung zum Einleiten von Gas in einen Rohrabschnitt
DE102008028616A1 (de) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Heinrich Gillet Gmbh Mischer
CN102151503A (zh) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-17 巴布科克和威尔科克斯能量产生集团公司 阶梯式下降的气体混合装置
CN102151503B (zh) * 2010-02-03 2015-07-01 巴布科克和威尔科克斯能量产生集团公司 阶梯式下降的气体混合装置
CN103968372A (zh) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-06 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 用于混合气体的流体分配和混合栅格

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3385042B2 (ja) 2003-03-10
JPH05208125A (ja) 1993-08-20
ATE130220T1 (de) 1995-12-15
DE59204320D1 (de) 1995-12-21
EP0526392A1 (fr) 1993-02-03
US5380088A (en) 1995-01-10

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