EP0524444A1 - Mittel zur Behandlung von Gusseisenschmelzen - Google Patents
Mittel zur Behandlung von Gusseisenschmelzen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0524444A1 EP0524444A1 EP92110571A EP92110571A EP0524444A1 EP 0524444 A1 EP0524444 A1 EP 0524444A1 EP 92110571 A EP92110571 A EP 92110571A EP 92110571 A EP92110571 A EP 92110571A EP 0524444 A1 EP0524444 A1 EP 0524444A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- melt
- cast iron
- agent
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009021 pre-vaccination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nickel Chemical compound [Mg].[Ni] ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000421 cerium(III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021338 magnesium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silicide Chemical compound [Mg]=[Si]=[Mg] YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005475 siliconizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
- C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent based on ferrosilicon for the treatment of cast iron melts, which are then fed to a further treatment with spheroidal graphite-inducing elements, in particular magnesium.
- microstructure of spheroidal graphite cast iron is particularly dependent on the type of feed materials used, the melt flow (superheating temperature and time), the treatment with spheroidal graphite-inducing elements, in particular magnesium, and, if appropriate, a re-vaccination.
- EP-PS 0 175 934 relates to an inoculation alloy based on ferrosilicon or silicon with contents of 0.1 to 10% by weight of barium or / and zirconium, less than 2.0% by weight of aluminum and less than 0, 3% by weight calcium.
- DE-OS 38 09 315 describes a similar alloy, the barium content of which can vary between 0.1 and 15% by weight and which instead of zirconium contains between 0.1 and 10% by weight of strontium in addition to less than 2% by weight .-% aluminum and less than 2.5 wt .-% calcium contains.
- EP 0 353 804 A1 describes a process for producing spheroidal graphite cast iron by treating the molten cast iron with an agent containing magnesium or magnesium and rare earth metals, in which the components contained therein correspond to the ratio of the alloy components in the cast iron alloy to be treated. Furthermore, DE-OS 39 32 162 reports on an agent for producing spheroidal graphite iron based on magnesium silicide. Finally, it was also recommended to add the germ state of cast iron melts before the magnesium treatment of a graphitic vaccine (G hassleerei-Praxis (1991) 7, 120-124; CR Loper, Jr .; BY Hus; TH Witter).
- the object was therefore to develop a means for treating a cast iron melt which significantly improves the condition of the base melt with regard to its germ state, so that favorable conditions are given for the subsequent treatment with spheroidal graphite-inducing elements.
- This agent should in particular be able to be introduced into a cast iron melt in a simple manner, dissolve quickly in the iron melt without slag formation and be distributed evenly there.
- this agent is said to be thermodynamically stable substrates such as e.g. Form Ce2O3 or Ce2O2S, which remain as nuclei for the crystallization of graphite in the melt even during subsequent treatment steps, especially with magnesium.
- the agent according to the invention advantageously contains 55 to 75% by weight of silicon.
- the agent according to the invention is preferably characterized by the following composition: Silicon 58 - 70% by weight Calcium 0.5-1.8% by weight aluminum 0.5-1.8% by weight manganese 2.5 - 7.0% by weight zirconium 1.0 - 7.0% by weight cerium 1.0 - 3.0% by weight Lanthanum 0.5-1.5% by weight iron Rest.
- a particularly preferred composition of the agent is as follows: Silicon 62 - 67% by weight Calcium 0.8-1.2% by weight aluminum 0.8-1.2% by weight manganese 3.5 - 5.0% by weight zirconium 3.5 - 5.0% by weight cerium 1.8-2.2% by weight Lanthanum 0.1 - 0.2% by weight iron Rest.
- an agent of the abovementioned composition brings about a substantial improvement in the casting structure and brings decisive advantages for the user of the castings treated according to the invention.
- the agent according to the invention can be introduced into the cast iron melt as a finished “upstream”, on the other hand, the individual constituents of the agent can also be added to the cast iron melt in the form of an unalloyed or partially alloyed mixture.
- a master alloy is preferably produced from the individual constituents of the agent according to the invention either in an electronic shaft furnace by adding the required amount of oxides or ores to a ferrosilicon melt and subsequent reduction, or in a high-frequency furnace by alloying the elements to a ferrosilicon melt.
- the agent with the composition according to the invention is preferably used in fine-grained form with a particle size of 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 0.4 to 2.0 mm, and can be introduced into the cast iron melt by conventional metering devices. It is also possible to meter the agent according to the invention by machine or by hand when pouring the melt from the furnace into the ladle.
- the agent can be particularly elegantly introduced into the cast iron melt in the form of a cored wire.
- the addition of the agent according to the invention directly i.e. a maximum of 5 minutes before treatment with spheroidal graphite inducing elements, preferably a magnesium-containing alloy or mixture, e.g. Ferrosilicon-magnesium with contents of 55% by weight silicon and 31% by weight magnesium as well as small proportions of calcium and aluminum or a nickel-magnesium alloy with contents of 55% by weight nickel, 5.5% by weight Magnesium, up to 1 wt .-% silicon, rest iron.
- the temperature of the melt should preferably be between 1400 and 1550 ° C., particularly preferably between 1430 and 1530 ° C., during the addition of the pretreatment agent according to the invention.
- the amount of the pretreatment agent according to the invention depends on the dissolved oxygen and sulfur content of the melt to be treated and the content of trace elements such as lead, bismuth, arsenic, antimony and titanium.
- 1000 kg is used Melt 1 to 5 kg, preferably 1 to 2.5 kg, of the master alloy according to the invention, so that contents of 20 to 100 or 20 to 50 ppm cerium and 20 to 100 or 20 to 50 ppm zirconium remain in the melt.
- the addition of the pretreatment agent according to the invention can replace or - particularly preferably - supplement the graphitic inoculant usually added to a melt in the form of synthetic or natural graphite, coke and / or graphitized coke.
- the alloy according to the invention and the graphitic inoculant are preferably added in a weight ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1, particularly preferably about 1: 1.
- spheroidal graphite is formed in the casting in spheres of essentially uniform size and very uniform distribution.
- the treatment was carried out with spheroidal graphite-inducing elements, in particular magnesium, for example with the aforementioned nickel-magnesium alloy with a content of 55% by weight of Ni, 5.5% by weight of magnesium and up to 1% by weight of silicon.
- Remainder iron in an amount of 1 wt .-% based on the treatment amounts of 100 kg. In this way, residual magnesium contents of 0.035 to 0.40% by weight were set.
- the pretreatment agent used according to the invention had the following composition (proportions in% by weight): Si Approx Al Mn Zr Ce La Fe 62.0 1.08 1.05 4.2 3.9 2.0 0.18 rest
- the metallographic examination of the samples relates to the determination of the nodularity, the number of balls and the micrographs, which are evaluated microscopically. A person skilled in the art is familiar with the exact implementation of these methods.
- the white solidified samples of the melts treated with the alloys according to the invention gave the following analytical values in% by weight: rehearse C. Si Mn P Ti Cr Ni Cu S Ce Zr b) 1 3.56 2.09 0.15 0.018 0.011 0.03 0.05 0.14 0.011 0.0040 0.0040 2nd 3.58 2.04 0.15 0.016 0.011 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.009 0.0035 0.0040 3rd 3.55 2.04 0.15 0.016 0.011 0.03 0.05 0.15 0.009 0.0039 0.0040 c) 1 3.51 2.06 0.15 0.018 0.014 0.03 0.05 0.15 0.010 0.0041 0.0040 2nd 3.51 2.01 0.15 0.018 0.010 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.010 0.0039 0.0040 3rd 3.54 2.06 0.15 0.017 0.010 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.011 0.0043 0.0040
- cerium and zirconium contents determined in the analysis samples show that an even distribution of these elements was achieved, which led to a substantial improvement in the germ state of the melts.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4124159A DE4124159C2 (de) | 1991-07-20 | 1991-07-20 | Vorlegierung zur Behandlung von Gußeisenschmelzen |
| DE4124159 | 1991-07-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0524444A1 true EP0524444A1 (de) | 1993-01-27 |
Family
ID=6436667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92110571A Withdrawn EP0524444A1 (de) | 1991-07-20 | 1992-06-23 | Mittel zur Behandlung von Gusseisenschmelzen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5209901A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| EP (1) | EP0524444A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA2074276C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE4124159C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995024508A1 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-14 | Elkem A/S | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
| RU2172782C1 (ru) * | 1997-12-08 | 2001-08-27 | Элкем Аса | Модификатор чугуна и способ получения модификатора чугуна |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2855186B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-20 | 2005-06-24 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Produits inoculants contenant du bismuth et des terres rares |
| EP1811051B1 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2008-11-26 | Dynin, Anton Yakovlevich | Legierung für gusseisenstücke |
| GB0614705D0 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2006-09-06 | Foseco Int | Improved meethod of producing ductile iron |
| CN104109733B (zh) * | 2013-04-22 | 2016-08-24 | 湖北猴王焊材有限公司 | 耐磨钢用微合金化复合包芯线 |
| DE102019116828A1 (de) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-24 | ASK Chemicals Metallurgy GmbH | Herstellung von Formlingen aus einer Silizium-Legierung durch Wasserstrahlschneiden von Platten |
| MX2021015625A (es) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-04-25 | ASK Chemicals Metallurgy GmbH | Producción de cuerpos moldeados a partir de una aleación de silicio por medio de corte por chorro de agua de placas. |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2290273A (en) * | 1940-02-07 | 1942-07-21 | Electro Metallurg Co | Composition and method for treating cast iron |
| EP0175934A1 (de) * | 1984-09-13 | 1986-04-02 | SKW Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft | Impflegierung auf Basis von Ferrosilicium oder Silicium und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| EP0325810A1 (de) * | 1988-01-23 | 1989-08-02 | SKW Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit |
| EP0353804A1 (de) * | 1988-07-16 | 1990-02-07 | SKW Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit und/oder Vermiculargraphit |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3383202A (en) * | 1966-01-19 | 1968-05-14 | Foote Mineral Co | Grain refining alloy |
| DE2746478A1 (de) * | 1977-10-15 | 1979-05-23 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Verfahren zum legieren und/oder impfen und/oder desoxidieren von im kupolofen erzeugten gusseisenschmelzen |
| DE3932162A1 (de) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-04-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Mittel zur herstellung von kugelgraphiteisen |
-
1991
- 1991-07-20 DE DE4124159A patent/DE4124159C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-04-01 US US07/861,575 patent/US5209901A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-23 EP EP92110571A patent/EP0524444A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-07-20 CA CA002074276A patent/CA2074276C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2290273A (en) * | 1940-02-07 | 1942-07-21 | Electro Metallurg Co | Composition and method for treating cast iron |
| EP0175934A1 (de) * | 1984-09-13 | 1986-04-02 | SKW Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft | Impflegierung auf Basis von Ferrosilicium oder Silicium und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| EP0325810A1 (de) * | 1988-01-23 | 1989-08-02 | SKW Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit |
| EP0353804A1 (de) * | 1988-07-16 | 1990-02-07 | SKW Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit und/oder Vermiculargraphit |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995024508A1 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-14 | Elkem A/S | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
| RU2172782C1 (ru) * | 1997-12-08 | 2001-08-27 | Элкем Аса | Модификатор чугуна и способ получения модификатора чугуна |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4124159C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1992-04-09 |
| CA2074276C (en) | 1996-11-26 |
| CA2074276A1 (en) | 1993-01-22 |
| DE4124159C2 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
| US5209901A (en) | 1993-05-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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