US3383202A - Grain refining alloy - Google Patents
Grain refining alloy Download PDFInfo
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- US3383202A US3383202A US521523A US52152366A US3383202A US 3383202 A US3383202 A US 3383202A US 521523 A US521523 A US 521523A US 52152366 A US52152366 A US 52152366A US 3383202 A US3383202 A US 3383202A
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- steel
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- addition
- grain size
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 33
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 33
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000272534 Struthio camelus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Alloy for controlling grain size in cast or wrought steel consisting essentially of 30-60% silicon, up to manganese, up to 15% calcium plus barium, a total of -40% of at least four elements from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, columbium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, titanium, aluminum and boron, with the balance iron and incidental impurities.
- This invention relates to novel alloy for addition to steel to produce a steel having fine grain size.
- Austenite is a crystalline structure and the temperature to which steel is heated beyond the transformation temperature will determine the size of the austenite crystals or grains, the grain size generally increasing as the temperature increases.
- the grain size in the cooled steel is in turn determined by the austenitic grain size. Since a fine grained heat treated steel is normally preferably for a given hardness; it is desirable to inhibit the austenitic grain growth. For a given hardness a fine grained steel is tougher than a coarse grained steel, has lower residual stresses, less distortion and quenching cracks are less prevalent.
- My novel alloy which is efifective in producing high quality, fine grained steel in either the cast or Wrought condition.
- My novel alloy may be added without an aluminum addition; or, in some instances, it may be used along with a very small addition of aluminum.
- An alloy, according to my invention, wnich will create fine grained steel without any aluminum addition contains -60% silicon, up to 15% managanese, up to 15% calcium plus barium, and 20-40% of at least four of the elements from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, columbium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, aluminum and boron, with the balance essentially iron and incidental impurities.
- composition ranges specified above provide alloys which will produce the desired fine grain size
- a preferred composition range is as follows:
- each ladle was teemed into a 4" X 4 x 24" mold, and the ingots were forged to 1%" square bars. A section of each bar was heat treated and the ASTM grain size determined by the McQuaid-Ehn tests. An ASTM rating of 1 to 5 is considered coarse and an ASTM rating of 5 to 8 is considered fine although grain sizes finer than 8 occur.
- the terms fine grained steel and fine grain size when used herein refer to a steel having an ASTM rating of 5 to 8 and finer.
- the grain size results of the individual tests and the ladle additions are set forth in Table II.
- Heat 49A in Table II was made for comparison and shows that a coarse grain steel is obtained at an aluminum addition of .015% or below when my novel alloy is not added.
- 21 fine grained steel was obtained with an addition having a composition within the preferred range of my alloy with aluminum additions of 015% and .0l0% as shown respectively by Heats 50C and 50D and 54C and 54D.
- the steel was substantially fine grained with an addition of only one pound per ton of steel of an alloy having the composition of Heat 58C and completely fine grained with the addition of one pound per ton of steel of an alloy having the composition of Heat 58D.
- My novel alloy may be made by smelting a rare earth concentrate in a three phase submerged are furnace using carbon electrodes. Silicon is added to the furnace charge as North Carolina quartzite as such is high in silicon content, but other silicon containing materials may also be used. Although any form of rare earth concentrate such as rare earth oxide or bastnasite concentrate may be used, it is preferable to use the least expensive form of rare earth concentrate that is readily available.
- the various addition elements are added to the charge as their ores, concentrates or compounds. The following nonlimiting example shows the approximate weight of the various raw materials charged to an electric furnace six feet in diameter using 10 inch carbon electrodes to make approximately 330 pounds of my novel alloy in a charge to tap time of about 2 hours. The materials charged and the elements added thereby are as follows.
- An alloy for the control of grain size in cast or wrought steel consisting essentially of silicon from 30- manganese up to 15%, calcium plus barium up to 15%, a total of 20 to 40% of at least four of the elements from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, columbium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, titanium, aluminum and boron, and the balance iron and incidental impurities.
- An alloy according to claim 1 consisting essentially of silicon from 30-45%, manganese from 5l0%, calcium from l-6%, barium from 1-6%, cerium plus lanthanum from 520%, columbium plus tantalum from l-6%, vanadium from 16%, zirconium from 16%, titanium from 16% aluminum from 13%, boron from 0.040.l5%, and the balance iron and incidental impurities.
- An alloy according to claim 2 consisting of about 40.90% silicon, about 5.90% manganese, about 2.12% calcium, about 1.00% barium, about 5.32% cerium plus lanthanum, about 5.60% columbium plus tantalum, about 5.70% vanadium, about 4.89% zirconium, about 5.63% titanium, about 1.00% aluminum, about 0.06% boron, and the balance iron and incidental impurities.
Description
United States Patent 3,383,202 GRAIN REFINING ALLOY Dunstan W. P. Lynch, Cambridge, Ohio, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Foote Mineral Company, Exton, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Filed Jan. 19, 1966, Ser. No. 521,523 3 Claims. (Cl. 75122) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Alloy for controlling grain size in cast or wrought steel consisting essentially of 30-60% silicon, up to manganese, up to 15% calcium plus barium, a total of -40% of at least four elements from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, columbium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, titanium, aluminum and boron, with the balance iron and incidental impurities.
This invention relates to novel alloy for addition to steel to produce a steel having fine grain size.
When carbon or alloy steel is heated above its transformation or critical temperature as in heat treatment, it enters into a solid solution phase known as austenite. Austenite is a crystalline structure and the temperature to which steel is heated beyond the transformation temperature will determine the size of the austenite crystals or grains, the grain size generally increasing as the temperature increases. The grain size in the cooled steel is in turn determined by the austenitic grain size. Since a fine grained heat treated steel is normally preferably for a given hardness; it is desirable to inhibit the austenitic grain growth. For a given hardness a fine grained steel is tougher than a coarse grained steel, has lower residual stresses, less distortion and quenching cracks are less prevalent. The usual practice in producing fine grained steel has been to add aluminum to the steel as it is tapped into the ladle. Aluminum has proven to be effective and is relatively economical. However, there are some instances where the addition of aluminum in amounts sufficient to produce a fine grained steel results in an aluminum content in the steel which is detrimental.
Elements such as vanadium, columbium, titanium and zirconium, either singly or in combination, have been used in place of aluminum to produce a fine grain size. The most common addition for grain refining other than aluminum is vanadium but, although vanadium is effective in producing fine grain size, it is relatively expensive. The use of my novel alloy produces a fine grained steel which does not have the drawbacks resulting from the use of aluminum and is considerably less expensive than vanadium.
I have discovered a novel alloy which is efifective in producing high quality, fine grained steel in either the cast or Wrought condition. My novel alloy may be added without an aluminum addition; or, in some instances, it may be used along with a very small addition of aluminum.
An alloy, according to my invention, wnich will create fine grained steel without any aluminum addition contains -60% silicon, up to 15% managanese, up to 15% calcium plus barium, and 20-40% of at least four of the elements from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, columbium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, aluminum and boron, with the balance essentially iron and incidental impurities.
While the composition ranges specified above provide alloys which will produce the desired fine grain size, a preferred composition range is as follows:
"ice
Percent Silicon 30-45 Manganese 5-10 Calcium 1-6 Barium 1-6 Ceriumlanthanum 5-20 Columbiumtantalum 1-6 Vanadium 1-6 Zirconium 1-6 Titanium l-6 Aluminum l-3 Boron, maximum .04-.15 Iron and incidental impurities Balance A typical alloy which has been used to produce a fine grained steel is:
Percent Silicon 40.90
Manganese 5.90 Calcium 2.12
Barium 1.00
Ceriumlanthanum 5.32
Columbiumtantalum 5.60
Vanadium 5.70
Zirconium 4.89 Titanium 5.63 Aluminum 1.00
Boron .06 Iron and incidental impurities Balance In order to determine the ability of my novel alloy to control grain size in steel, additions were made to heats of A181 1040 steel. The compositions of the alloys added for grain size control are set forth below in Table I.
TABLE I Percent Element Heat 47 Heat 48 Ce plus La." 18. ()2 5. 32 Ch plus Ta" 2.31 5. 60 V 2. 45 5. 70 Zr 1. 40 4. 89 TL 2. 52 57 63 Al. 1. 05 1. 00 B .06 .00 Fe and Incidental Impurities. Balance Balance The grain refining alloy was added to the steel as it was tapped, and in each instance four pounds of a calciumferrosilicon alloy were added per ton of steel for deoxidization. The calcium-ferrosilicon alloy consisted of 16.0% calcium, 57.8% silicon and the balance essentially iron. In various heats small additions of aluminum were also made and the amounts are set forth in Table II. In each instance the aluminum was added as an alloy consisting of 19.0% aluminum, 38.9% silicon and the balance essentially iron.
After the additions were made each ladle was teemed into a 4" X 4 x 24" mold, and the ingots were forged to 1%" square bars. A section of each bar was heat treated and the ASTM grain size determined by the McQuaid-Ehn tests. An ASTM rating of 1 to 5 is considered coarse and an ASTM rating of 5 to 8 is considered fine although grain sizes finer than 8 occur. The terms fine grained steel and fine grain size when used herein refer to a steel having an ASTM rating of 5 to 8 and finer. The grain size results of the individual tests and the ladle additions are set forth in Table II.
TABLE 11 lloat N0. Ladle Addition McQuaid- I EJln Iglrain Size,
500 016% Al plus 1 lb. /T.Ht. 7, 8 and finer. 50D 036% Al plus 1 lb. /'I.I-It. 7, B and finer. 51o .oio z Al plus 1 lb. rant. 7,8 few 6's.
54D A1 plus 1 lb. min 7, 8 few 6'5. 530 .00g%Alplns1lb./T.Ht. Duplex c-s plus 3-4 (5%).
Al plus 1 lb. /I.Ht 6-8 with 5'5. 570 1l i. /I.IIt.48 6-3 with 5's. 40A 015% Al 1-4 with 5's.
Heat 49A in Table II was made for comparison and shows that a coarse grain steel is obtained at an aluminum addition of .015% or below when my novel alloy is not added. When using my novel alloy, 21 fine grained steel was obtained with an addition having a composition within the preferred range of my alloy with aluminum additions of 015% and .0l0% as shown respectively by Heats 50C and 50D and 54C and 54D. At aluminum additions of only 005% the steel was substantially fine grained with an addition of only one pound per ton of steel of an alloy having the composition of Heat 58C and completely fine grained with the addition of one pound per ton of steel of an alloy having the composition of Heat 58D. As is shown by Heat 57C in Table II, a fine grained steel is obtained without the addition of any aluminum with the addition of one pound of an alloy having the composition of my typical alloy per ton of steel. The amount of each grain refining element added by the addition of one pound of the Heat 48 alloy per ton of steel is less than 003%.
My novel alloy may be made by smelting a rare earth concentrate in a three phase submerged are furnace using carbon electrodes. Silicon is added to the furnace charge as North Carolina quartzite as such is high in silicon content, but other silicon containing materials may also be used. Although any form of rare earth concentrate such as rare earth oxide or bastnasite concentrate may be used, it is preferable to use the least expensive form of rare earth concentrate that is readily available. The various addition elements are added to the charge as their ores, concentrates or compounds. The following nonlimiting example shows the approximate weight of the various raw materials charged to an electric furnace six feet in diameter using 10 inch carbon electrodes to make approximately 330 pounds of my novel alloy in a charge to tap time of about 2 hours. The materials charged and the elements added thereby are as follows.
Material: Pounds North Carolina quartzite (Si) 438 Technical vanadium pentoxide (V) 33 Rare earth oxide concentrate (Ce/La) 26 Pyrochlore concentrate (Cb) 28 Zircon sands (Zr) 43 Ilmenite concentrate (Ti) 60 Limestone (Ca) Barium carbonate (Ba) 26 Manganese ore (Mn) 40 Razorite (B) 3 Aluminum ingot (Al) 17 Coal (metallurgical A) 377 Wood chips 142 The novel complex alloy produced from the above charge has a composition within my preferred range.
As stated heretofore, aluminum, vanadium, columbium, titanium and zirconium are known grain refining elements and have been used in various amounts for the production of fine grained steel. However, the total addition of my novel alloy necessary to produce a fine grained steel is less than the amount of any of the single known grain refining elements which must be added to produce fine grain size. It is obvious, therefore, that the combination of these elements in a single alloy exhibits a synergistic effect on the control of grain size. Thus, the addition of one pound of alloy Heat 48 per ton of steel produced a fine grain size, even though the addition of any single known grain refining element was less than 30 p.p.m.
My invention may be embodied within the scope of the appended claims.
Iclaim:
1. An alloy for the control of grain size in cast or wrought steel consisting essentially of silicon from 30- manganese up to 15%, calcium plus barium up to 15%, a total of 20 to 40% of at least four of the elements from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, columbium, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, titanium, aluminum and boron, and the balance iron and incidental impurities.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 consisting essentially of silicon from 30-45%, manganese from 5l0%, calcium from l-6%, barium from 1-6%, cerium plus lanthanum from 520%, columbium plus tantalum from l-6%, vanadium from 16%, zirconium from 16%, titanium from 16% aluminum from 13%, boron from 0.040.l5%, and the balance iron and incidental impurities.
3. An alloy according to claim 2 consisting of about 40.90% silicon, about 5.90% manganese, about 2.12% calcium, about 1.00% barium, about 5.32% cerium plus lanthanum, about 5.60% columbium plus tantalum, about 5.70% vanadium, about 4.89% zirconium, about 5.63% titanium, about 1.00% aluminum, about 0.06% boron, and the balance iron and incidental impurities.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,291,842 8/1942 Strauss -58 2,999,749 9/1961 Saunders et al 75-429 X 3,131,058 4/1964 Ototani 75-134 X 3,211,549 10/1965 Kusaka 75134 3,272,623 9/1966 Crafts et al. 75134 CHARLES N. LOVELL, Primary Examiner.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 3 ,383,202 May 14 1968 Dunstan W. P. Lynch It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 3, line 26, before "Heat" insert Ht. 47 as shown in line 29, before "Heat", first occurrence, insert Ht. 48 as shown in Signed and sealed this 7th day of October 1969.
(SEAL) Attest:
Edward M. Fletcher, Jr. JR-
Attesting Officer Commissione of Patents
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US521523A US3383202A (en) | 1966-01-19 | 1966-01-19 | Grain refining alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US521523A US3383202A (en) | 1966-01-19 | 1966-01-19 | Grain refining alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| US3383202A true US3383202A (en) | 1968-05-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US521523A Expired - Lifetime US3383202A (en) | 1966-01-19 | 1966-01-19 | Grain refining alloy |
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3767380A (en) * | 1970-05-29 | 1973-10-23 | Lenin Kohaszati Muvek | Process for the production of free-cutting carbon steels with special deoxidation |
| US3770391A (en) * | 1970-01-06 | 1973-11-06 | Cabot Corp | Lanthanum containing powders for making oxidation resistant metallics, method of making same, and metallic products |
| US3816103A (en) * | 1973-04-16 | 1974-06-11 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method of deoxidizing and desulfurizing ferrous alloy with rare earth additions |
| US4008104A (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1977-02-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for dephosphorization and denitrification of an alloy containing easily oxidizable components |
| US4018597A (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-04-19 | Foote Mineral Company | Rare earth metal silicide alloys |
| US4024322A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1977-05-17 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Battery with silicon metal anodes |
| US4040821A (en) * | 1975-08-22 | 1977-08-09 | Ford Motor Company | Nodularizing catalyst for cast iron and method of making same |
| US4233065A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-11-11 | Foote Mineral Company | Effective boron alloying additive for continuous casting fine grain boron steels |
| WO1983000167A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-20 | Foote Mineral Co | Boron alloying additive for continuously casting boron steel |
| DE3248866A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-06-16 | Foote Mineral Co | Boron alloy additive for continuous casting of borehole |
| US5209901A (en) * | 1991-07-20 | 1993-05-11 | Skw Trostberg Ag | Agent for the treatment of cast iron melts |
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| US20110044845A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-02-24 | Vitatech GmbH | 'kazakhstanskiy' alloy for steel deoxidation and alloying |
| EA022174B1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2015-11-30 | Республиканское Государственное Предприятие На Праве Хозяйственного Ведения "Национальный Центр По Комплексной Переработке Минерального Сырья Республики Казахстан" Комитета Промышленности Министерства Индустрии И Новых Технологий Республики Казахстан | Complex alloy for microalloying deoxidation of steel |
| EA022416B1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2015-12-30 | УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК ИНСТИТУТ МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ УРАЛЬСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ РАН (ИМЕТ УрО РАН) | Composite alloy for steel microalloying and deoxidating |
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| RU2648714C1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-03-28 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron alloy |
| RU2652897C1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-05-03 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron alloy |
| RU2795068C1 (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт металлургии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (ИМЕТ УрО РАН) | Complex alloy for microalloying and deoxidation of steel based on iron |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2291842A (en) * | 1940-07-18 | 1942-08-04 | Vanadium Corp | Production of steel |
| US2999749A (en) * | 1958-09-17 | 1961-09-12 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for producing non-aging rimmed steels |
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| US3211549A (en) * | 1960-12-26 | 1965-10-12 | Yawata Iron & Steel Co | Additional alloys for welding and steel making |
| US3272623A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1966-09-13 | Union Carbide Corp | Inoculating alloys consisting of si-al-ca-ba-mn-zr-fe |
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| US2291842A (en) * | 1940-07-18 | 1942-08-04 | Vanadium Corp | Production of steel |
| US2999749A (en) * | 1958-09-17 | 1961-09-12 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for producing non-aging rimmed steels |
| US3211549A (en) * | 1960-12-26 | 1965-10-12 | Yawata Iron & Steel Co | Additional alloys for welding and steel making |
| US3131058A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1964-04-28 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Method of manufacturing fine grained and clean steels |
| US3272623A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1966-09-13 | Union Carbide Corp | Inoculating alloys consisting of si-al-ca-ba-mn-zr-fe |
Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3770391A (en) * | 1970-01-06 | 1973-11-06 | Cabot Corp | Lanthanum containing powders for making oxidation resistant metallics, method of making same, and metallic products |
| US3767380A (en) * | 1970-05-29 | 1973-10-23 | Lenin Kohaszati Muvek | Process for the production of free-cutting carbon steels with special deoxidation |
| US3816103A (en) * | 1973-04-16 | 1974-06-11 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method of deoxidizing and desulfurizing ferrous alloy with rare earth additions |
| US4008104A (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1977-02-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for dephosphorization and denitrification of an alloy containing easily oxidizable components |
| US4024322A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1977-05-17 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Battery with silicon metal anodes |
| US4018597A (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-04-19 | Foote Mineral Company | Rare earth metal silicide alloys |
| US4040821A (en) * | 1975-08-22 | 1977-08-09 | Ford Motor Company | Nodularizing catalyst for cast iron and method of making same |
| US4233065A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-11-11 | Foote Mineral Company | Effective boron alloying additive for continuous casting fine grain boron steels |
| WO1983000167A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-20 | Foote Mineral Co | Boron alloying additive for continuously casting boron steel |
| DE3248866A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-06-16 | Foote Mineral Co | Boron alloy additive for continuous casting of borehole |
| US4440568A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1984-04-03 | Foote Mineral Company | Boron alloying additive for continuously casting boron steel |
| US5209901A (en) * | 1991-07-20 | 1993-05-11 | Skw Trostberg Ag | Agent for the treatment of cast iron melts |
| US20030010554A1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2003-01-16 | Oystein Grong | System for balancing a two-wheeled vehicle at rest |
| US7226493B2 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2007-06-05 | Elkem Asa | Method for grain refining of steel, grain refining alloy for steel and method for producing grain refining alloy |
| CZ298966B6 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2008-03-26 | Elkem Asa | Method for grain refining of steel, alloy for grain refining of steel and method for producing such alloy for grain refining of steel |
| US20110044845A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-02-24 | Vitatech GmbH | 'kazakhstanskiy' alloy for steel deoxidation and alloying |
| US8795587B2 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2014-08-05 | RSE the National Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Material of the Republic Kazakhstan | ‘Kazakhstanskiy’ alloy for steel deoxidation and alloying |
| KR101493551B1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2015-02-13 | 내셔널 센터 오브 콤플렉스 프로세싱 오브 미네랄 로 메터리얼즈 오브 리퍼블릭 오브 카자흐스탄 알에스이 | Alloy ＂kazakhstanski＂ for reducing and doping steel |
| EA022416B1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2015-12-30 | УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК ИНСТИТУТ МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ УРАЛЬСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ РАН (ИМЕТ УрО РАН) | Composite alloy for steel microalloying and deoxidating |
| EA022174B1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2015-11-30 | Республиканское Государственное Предприятие На Праве Хозяйственного Ведения "Национальный Центр По Комплексной Переработке Минерального Сырья Республики Казахстан" Комитета Промышленности Министерства Индустрии И Новых Технологий Республики Казахстан | Complex alloy for microalloying deoxidation of steel |
| RU2624551C1 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-07-04 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Alloy for alloying cast iron |
| RU2625188C1 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-07-12 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Alloy for cast iron alloyage |
| RU2628717C1 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-08-21 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Alloy for alloying cast iron |
| RU2622185C1 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-06-13 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Alloy for steel alloying |
| RU2648714C1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-03-28 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron alloy |
| RU2652897C1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-05-03 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron alloy |
| RU2795068C1 (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт металлургии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (ИМЕТ УрО РАН) | Complex alloy for microalloying and deoxidation of steel based on iron |
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