EP0521363B1 - Method for the manufacture of solid wood laminate panels - Google Patents
Method for the manufacture of solid wood laminate panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0521363B1 EP0521363B1 EP92110458A EP92110458A EP0521363B1 EP 0521363 B1 EP0521363 B1 EP 0521363B1 EP 92110458 A EP92110458 A EP 92110458A EP 92110458 A EP92110458 A EP 92110458A EP 0521363 B1 EP0521363 B1 EP 0521363B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- boards
- cut
- cutting
- produced
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L5/00—Manufacture of veneer ; Preparatory processing therefor
- B27L5/06—Cutting strips from a stationarily- held trunk or piece by a rocking knife carrier, or from rocking trunk or piece by a stationarily-held knife carrier; Veneer- cutting machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing solid wood composite panels according to the preamble of claim 1 and a composite panel produced by such a method.
- the board Since the knives used for cutting must have a finite thickness, the board, which is separated from a squared timber, is bent away from the squared timber at the angle of the knife wedge and is exposed to certain mechanical stresses.
- the board cut from the squared timber thus receives, for example, two differently behaving sides, namely an "open side” with which it faced the knife when it was cut and a "closed side” which became the outside of the residual squared timber after the previous cut. For this reason, it is already proposed in DE-OS 39 36 312 to use only the closed sides of the cut boards as outer surfaces of composite panels.
- cut boards preferentially absorb moisture from the end face and draw it into the board up to a certain distance from the end face, which can result in warping in the end region of the boards.
- the invention has for its object to eliminate the problem encountered, while the outstanding economic advantages of using cut boards should be preserved as possible.
- DE-OS 40 26 346 already describes a method of dividing a squared timber as completely as possible into boards of the same thickness, so that the last remaining board with a corresponding thickness is obtained and can be used in the further manufacturing process.
- non-cut boards are also suitable for use in the production of squared timber from logs, for example for the cutting process. sawn side goods.
- This side product is often of limited use for other purposes, so that it is available for use in accordance with the present invention.
- This side product must also be dried beforehand in accordance with the requirements of composite panel production. Since the thickness of the boards to be produced has to be kept relatively accurate in the production of composite panels, it may be necessary to process the side goods used beforehand. This may be necessary in particular if the side goods have an outer surface that was created by flattening a tree trunk using milling heads. The invention is of particular importance in the production of three-layer composite panels.
- the two outer layers are composed of cut boards, the opposite side of the cut cover board, that is to say the side facing away from the cutting knife and consequently having a closed surface, pointing outwards at least on one outside of the composite panel. It can be from be an additional advantage for the dimensional stability of the plate produced, if the boards of the middle layer are placed so that the concave and convex side of the annual rings alternately points to a plate side.
- Precautions against the ingress of moisture can possibly also be taken by impregnating the boards accordingly.
- the boards are only impregnated from their end faces, they can become ineffective if a composite panel is divided into different partial panels, for example during further processing, so that new board end faces are exposed to the environment.
- the measure according to the invention is independent of these influences.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Massivholz-Verbundplatten entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie eine nach einem solchen Verfahren hergestellte Verbundplatte.The invention relates to a method for producing solid wood composite panels according to the preamble of claim 1 and a composite panel produced by such a method.
Es ist bekannt, Mehrschicht-Massivholzplatten oder ähnliche Mehrschicht-Laminaterzeugnisse aus Holz durch schichtweises Verleimen lamellenartiger dünner Bretter unter Druck in einer Presse zu erzeugen. Da bei derartigen Produkten die aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten aus den dünnen Brettern beispielsweise so gelegt werden können, daß die Faserrichtungen des Holzes kreuzweise angeordnet sind, haben derartige Erzeugnisse eine wesentlich gleichmäßigere Festigkeitsverteilung als unverleimtes, natürliches Holz. Außerdem wird durch die Mehrschichtigkeit der Einfluß von Schwachstellen im Holz, wie z.B. von Astlöchern, wesentlich vermindert.It is known to produce multilayer solid wood panels or similar multilayer laminate products from wood by layer-by-layer gluing of lamellar thin boards under pressure in a press. Since in such products the successive layers of thin boards can be laid, for example, so that the grain of the wood is arranged crosswise, such products have a much more uniform distribution of strength than non-glued, natural wood. In addition, due to the multi-layered nature, the influence of weak points in the of knotholes, significantly reduced.
Der Nachteil der Herstellung solcher an sich wünschenswerter Erzeugnisse lag bisher darin, daß beim Erzeugen der dünnen, lamellenartigen Bretter bis zu 40 % des Ausgangsholzes als Sägemehlabfall beim Sägen der Bretter anfiel. Dieser Rohstoffverlust ist in vielen Fällen wirtschaftlich nicht vertretbar.The disadvantage of the production of such desirable products has hitherto been that when the thin, lamella-like boards were produced, up to 40% of the starting wood was obtained as sawdust waste when sawing the boards. In many cases, this loss of raw materials is not economically justifiable.
Aus der DE-OS 39 36 312 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem zum Herstellen einer Mehrschicht-Massivholzplatte durch spanlos schneidendes Zertrennen eines Kantholzes erzeugte Bretter verwendet werden. Zum Erzeugen solcher geschnittenen Bretter wird ein Kantholz in Längsrichtung gegen ein Messer vorgeschoben, wobei das Kantholz an der Seite des abzutrennenden Brettes durch ein dem Messer vorgelagertes Gegendruckelement abgestützt und von der gegenüberliegenden Seite durch eine Andruckeinrichtung gegen das Messer und gegen das Gegendruckelement gedrückt und dieser Trennvorgang am jeweiligen Restkantholz wiederholt wird, bis ein Restbrett übrig bleibt, von dem kein Brett gewünschte Dicke mehr abgetrennt werden kann. Diese Vorgehensweise ist nicht ohne Einfluß auf die Qualität der so erzeugten Bretter.From DE-OS 39 36 312 a method is known in which boards produced by producing a multilayer solid wood panel by cutting a square timber without cutting are used. To produce such cut boards, a squared timber is advanced in the longitudinal direction against a knife, the squared timber on the side of the board to be separated by a knife upstream counter-pressure element supported and pressed from the opposite side by a pressure device against the knife and against the counter-pressure element and this separation process is repeated on the respective residual squared timber until a residual board remains from which no board of the desired thickness can be separated. This procedure is not without influence on the quality of the boards produced in this way.
Da die für das Schneiden verwendeten Messer eine endliche Dicke aufweisen müssen, wird das von einem Kantholz in Abtrennung befindliche Brett im Winkel des Messerkeils vom Kantholz weggebogen und dabei bestimmten mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt. Das vom Kantholz abgetrennte Brett erhält dadurch beispielsweise zwei sich unterschiedlich verhaltende Seiten, nämlich eine "offene Seite", mit der es beim Abtrennen dem Messer zugewandt war, und eine "geschlossene Seite", die die Außenseite des Restkantholzes nach dem vorhergehenden Trennschnitt geworden ist. Aus diesem Grunde wird in der DE-OS 39 36 312 bereits vorgeschlagen, als Außenflächen von Verbundplatten nur die geschlossenen Seiten der geschnittenen Bretter zu verwenden.Since the knives used for cutting must have a finite thickness, the board, which is separated from a squared timber, is bent away from the squared timber at the angle of the knife wedge and is exposed to certain mechanical stresses. The board cut from the squared timber thus receives, for example, two differently behaving sides, namely an "open side" with which it faced the knife when it was cut and a "closed side" which became the outside of the residual squared timber after the previous cut. For this reason, it is already proposed in DE-OS 39 36 312 to use only the closed sides of the cut boards as outer surfaces of composite panels.
An kreuzweise verleimten 3-lagigen Verbundplatten aus geschnittenen Lamellen wurde beobachtet, daß diejenigen Kanten, an denen die Stirnseiten der Bretter der Mittellage freiliegen bzw. sichtbar sind, unter Umständen eine gewisse Welligkeit auftritt, wenn solche Platten bei Außenanwendung längere Zeit den Witterungseinflüssen ausgesetzt sind. An den rechtwinkelig dazu verlaufenden Kanten, an denen die Stirnseiten der Außenlagenbretter sichtbar sind, wurde diese Erscheinung erstaunlicherweise nicht beobachtet.On cross-glued 3-layer composite panels made of cut lamellas, it was observed that the edges on which the end faces of the boards of the middle layer are exposed or visible may have a certain ripple if such panels are exposed to the weather for a long period of time outdoors. Surprisingly, this phenomenon was not observed on the edges running at right angles to it, on which the end faces of the outer layer boards are visible.
Es besteht die Vermutung, daß die offenen Seiten geschnittener Bretter von der Stirnseite her bevorzugt Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen und diese bis zu einem bestimmten Abstand von der Stirnseite in das Brett hineinzieht, wodurch Verwerfungen im Endbereich der Bretter auftreten können.There is a presumption that the open sides of cut boards preferentially absorb moisture from the end face and draw it into the board up to a certain distance from the end face, which can result in warping in the end region of the boards.
Aus den bekannten Verfahren zum Verleimen gesägter Bretter, wie sie beispielsweise im deutschen Gebrauchsmuster 1 926 433 oder auch in den deutschen Patentschriften 477 424 und 641 901 beschrieben sind, ist das unterschiedliche Quell- und Schwindverhalten gesägter Bretter je nach ihrer ursprünglichen Lage im Stamm bekannt. In diesen Schriften wird erläutert, daß die Verwerfungen durch eine geeignete Auswahl und/oder Anordnung der gesägten Bretter behoben werden können.From the known methods for gluing sawn boards, as described, for example, in German utility model 1 926 433 or in German patents 477 424 and 641 901, the different swelling and shrinkage behavior of sawn boards, depending on their original position in the trunk, is known. In these documents it is explained that the faults can be eliminated by a suitable selection and / or arrangement of the sawn boards.
Aus der Druckschrift CH-A-167 864 ist eine hölzerne Verbundplatte mit im Abstand gelegten Brettern in der Mittellage und abdeckenden Schälfurnieren, also quer zur Faserrichtung geschnittenen Furnieren bekannt.From the publication CH-A-167 864 a wooden composite panel with spaced boards in the middle layer and covering peeling veneers, that is to say veneers cut transversely to the fiber direction, is known.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das aufgetretene Problem zu beseitigen, wobei die überragenden wirtschaftlichen Vorteile der Verwendung geschnittener Bretter möglichst erhalten bleiben soll.The invention has for its object to eliminate the problem encountered, while the outstanding economic advantages of using cut boards should be preserved as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Es wurde nämlich festgestellt, daß die beobachteten Mängel bei Verbundplatten für die Verwendung im Außenbereich beispielsweise nicht mehr auftreten, wenn nur eine der Lagen, und zwar bevorzugt eine Mittellage der Verbundplatte aus Brettern besteht, die nicht durch schneidendes Abtrennen mittels eines Messers von einem Kantholz erzeugt wurden.Solche Bretter sind entweder beim Schneiden anfallende Restbretter oder konventionell gesägte Bretter und werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung als "nicht geschnittene Bretter" bezeichnet.It has been found that the observed defects in composite panels for outdoor use, for example, no longer occur if only one of the layers, and preferably a central layer of the composite panel, consists of boards which are not produced by cutting from a square timber by means of a knife Such boards are either incurred when cutting Remaining boards or conventionally sawn boards and are referred to as "uncut boards" in the context of the present invention.
Die Verwendung herkömmlicher, gesägter Bretter hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß bei ihrer Herstellung unerwünschter Abfall anfällt.However, the use of conventional sawn boards has the disadvantage that it produces undesirable waste.
Restbretter fallen in gewissem Umfang aber auch beim spanlos schneidenden Aufteilen von Kanthölzern in dünne Bretter an. Sie haben im allgemeinen keine offene Seite. In der DE-OS 40 26 346 ist bereits eine Methode beschrieben, wie man ein Kantholz nach dem Schneidverfahren möglichst vollständig in Bretter gleicher Dicke aufteilt, so daß auch das als letztes übrig bleibende Restbrett mit entsprechender Dicke anfällt und im weiteren Herstellungsprozeß verwendet werden kann.To a certain extent, residual boards also result from the chipless cutting of squared timber into thin boards. They generally don't have an open page. DE-OS 40 26 346 already describes a method of dividing a squared timber as completely as possible into boards of the same thickness, so that the last remaining board with a corresponding thickness is obtained and can be used in the further manufacturing process.
Unabhängig von der Möglichkeit, Restbretter mit erwünschter Dicke zu erhalten, ist jedoch schon früher beobachtet worden (siehe DE-OS 40 26 346), daß sich die Restbretter bereits beim Trocknungsvorgang unterschiedlich von den durch Schneiden abgetrennten Brettern verhalten, so daß vorgeschlagen wurde, sie keinesfalls gemischt mit den geschnittenen Brettern zu verarbeiten und möglichst einer gesonderten Verwendung zuzuführen.Regardless of the possibility of obtaining residual boards of the desired thickness, it has previously been observed (see DE-OS 40 26 346) that the residual boards already behave differently from the boards separated by cutting during the drying process, so that it has been proposed never to be mixed with the cut boards and, if possible, to be used separately.
Die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Erkenntnisse geben nun die Möglichkeit, gerade diese Restbretter zwar nach wie vor getrennt zu halten, sie aber sinnvoll und vorteilhaft wieder in den Herstellungsprozeß von Verbundplatten einzugliedern.The knowledge on which the present invention is based now makes it possible to keep these remaining boards separate, but to re-integrate them sensibly and advantageously into the manufacturing process of composite panels.
Da im allgemeinen nur ein gewisser Prozentsatz erzeugter Verbundplatten für den Außenbereich bestimmt ist, könnte die Anzahl der anfallenden Restbretter in etwa ausreichen, um mit ihnen eine speziell für den Außenbereich geeignete Plattenqualität herzustellen, die in der bzw. einer Mittellage eben diese Restbretter enthält.Because generally only a certain percentage of composite panels produced for outdoor use is determined, the number of remaining boards could be sufficient to produce with them a board quality that is particularly suitable for outdoor use and which contains these remaining boards in the or a middle position.
Sollte die Menge an anfallenden Restbrettern nicht ausreichen oder ihr Einsatz aus anderen Gründen nicht wünschenswert sein, bieten sich als nicht geschnittene Bretter auch solche an, die bei der Erzeugung von Kanthölzern aus Rundholz beispielsweise für den Schneidprozeß als sogen. gesägte Seitenware anfallen. Diese Seitenware ist für andere Zwecke oft nur bedingt einsetzbar, so daß sie für eine Verwendung gemaß der vorliegenden Erfindung zur Verfügung steht. Auch diese Seitenware muß den Anforderungen der Verbundplattenherstellung entsprechend vorher getrocknet werden. Da bei der Herstellung von Verbundplatten die Dicke der herzustellenden Bretter verhältnismäßig genau eingehalten werden muß, kann es erforderlich sein, verwendete Seitenware vorher noch entsprechend zu bearbeiten. Dies kann insbesondere dann notwendig sein, wenn die Seitenware eine Außenfläche aufweist, die durch Anflachen eines Baumstammes mittels Fräsköpfen erzeugt wurde.
Besondere Bedeutung hat die Erfindung bei der Herstellung von dreilagigen Verbundplatten. In bevorzugter Ausführungsform werden hier erfindungsgemäß die beiden Außenschichten aus geschnittenen Brettern zusammengestellt, wobei zumindest an einer Außenseite der Verbundplatte die Gegenseite des geschnittenen Deckbretts, d.h. die Seite, die dem Schneidmesser abgewandt ist, und die demzufolge eine geschlossene Oberfläche aufweist, nach außen weisen soll. Hierbei kann es von zusätzlichem Vorteil für die Formstabilität der erzeugten Platte sein, wenn die Bretter der Mittellage so gelegt werden, daß abwechselnd die konkave und konvexe Seite der Jahresringe zu einer Plattenseite hinweist.If the amount of remaining boards is not sufficient or if their use is not desirable for other reasons, non-cut boards are also suitable for use in the production of squared timber from logs, for example for the cutting process. sawn side goods. This side product is often of limited use for other purposes, so that it is available for use in accordance with the present invention. This side product must also be dried beforehand in accordance with the requirements of composite panel production. Since the thickness of the boards to be produced has to be kept relatively accurate in the production of composite panels, it may be necessary to process the side goods used beforehand. This may be necessary in particular if the side goods have an outer surface that was created by flattening a tree trunk using milling heads.
The invention is of particular importance in the production of three-layer composite panels. In a preferred embodiment, according to the invention, the two outer layers are composed of cut boards, the opposite side of the cut cover board, that is to say the side facing away from the cutting knife and consequently having a closed surface, pointing outwards at least on one outside of the composite panel. It can be from be an additional advantage for the dimensional stability of the plate produced, if the boards of the middle layer are placed so that the concave and convex side of the annual rings alternately points to a plate side.
Vorkehrungen gegen das Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit können eventuell auch durch entsprechendes Imprägnieren der Bretter getroffen werden. Erfolgt die Imprägnierung der Bretter jedoch auch nur von deren Stirnseiten her, so kann sie dann wirkungslos werden, wenn eine Verbundplatte beispielsweise bei der Weiterverarbeitung in verschiedene Teilplatten aufgeteilt wird, so daß neue Brettstirnseiten gegenüber der Umgebung freigelegt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme ist von diesen Einflüssen unabhängig.Precautions against the ingress of moisture can possibly also be taken by impregnating the boards accordingly. However, if the boards are only impregnated from their end faces, they can become ineffective if a composite panel is divided into different partial panels, for example during further processing, so that new board end faces are exposed to the environment. The measure according to the invention is independent of these influences.
Claims (6)
- A method of producing composite solid timber sheets from thin boards, i.e. with a thickness substantially in the range of 6 - 12 mm, in which at least two layers of such thin boards, preferably running crosswise, are bonded together under pressure, boards being used for the outer layers of the composite sheet which have been separated chiplessly from squared timber by cutting by means of a cutter, the squared timber having been moved towards the cutter in its longitudinal direction, characterized in that boards lying substantially against each other without gaps are used for at least one further layer, which boards have either been produced by sawing or have remained as residual boards during cutting.
- A method according to claim 1 for producing a crosswise bonded composite sheet of at least three layers, characterized in that for both outer layers cut boards are used and for the or at least one of the intermediate layer(s) non-cut boards are used.
- A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the non-cut boards are so positioned for the at least one intermediate layer that the concave and convex sides of the annual rings are alternately orientated towards one sheet side.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the residual boards occurring during the cutting production of boards are used as non-cut boards.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that boards produced by chip-removing machining or by saw are used as non-cut boards.
- A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the by-product occurring during production of squared timber from tree-trunks and cut up accordingly is used.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4122365A DE4122365A1 (en) | 1991-07-05 | 1991-07-05 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLID WOOD COMPOSITE PANELS |
| DE4122365 | 1991-07-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0521363A1 EP0521363A1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
| EP0521363B1 true EP0521363B1 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
Family
ID=6435558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92110458A Expired - Lifetime EP0521363B1 (en) | 1991-07-05 | 1992-06-20 | Method for the manufacture of solid wood laminate panels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0521363B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE121664T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4122365A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4244311A1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-06-30 | Linck Masch Gatterlinck | Manufacture of parquet laminates |
| DE10036034C2 (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2003-12-18 | Ihd Inst Fuer Holztechnologie | Three or multi-layer composite panel |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE641101C (en) * | 1937-01-20 | Hans Brochenberger | Process for the production of composite boards with exclusively standing annual rings, especially for plywood middle layers | |
| DE477424C (en) * | 1929-06-06 | Sperrholzwerke Tiedemann A G | Method of manufacturing plywood panels | |
| CH167864A (en) * | 1933-03-28 | 1934-03-15 | Goehner Ernst | Plywood board. |
| US2419614A (en) * | 1944-08-09 | 1947-04-29 | Arthur R Welch | Coated wood product |
| FR1049846A (en) * | 1952-01-24 | 1954-01-04 | Further training in the manufacture of plywood panels | |
| CH425211A (en) * | 1964-06-05 | 1966-11-30 | Tschopp Saegerei Und Mittelage | Process for producing a three-layer wood panel and three-layer wood panel produced by this process |
| DE4026346A1 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-05-02 | Linck Masch Gatterlinck | METHOD FOR SPANLESS SPLITING OF A QUANTITY WOOD IN BOARDS OF THE SAME THICKNESS |
| DE3936312A1 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-05-02 | Linck Masch Gatterlinck | Laminated wood panels formed from narrow laminations - which are glued edge to edge to form sheets which are glued together |
| DE4026348A1 (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-09-19 | Linck Masch Gatterlinck | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MULTI-LAYER LAMINATE PRODUCTS FROM WOOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
-
1991
- 1991-07-05 DE DE4122365A patent/DE4122365A1/en active Granted
-
1992
- 1992-06-20 DE DE59202009T patent/DE59202009D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-20 AT AT92110458T patent/ATE121664T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-06-20 EP EP92110458A patent/EP0521363B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE121664T1 (en) | 1995-05-15 |
| DE4122365C2 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
| EP0521363A1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
| DE4122365A1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
| DE59202009D1 (en) | 1995-06-01 |
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