EP0520939B1 - Gerät zum Auftrag eines flüssigen Mediums - Google Patents
Gerät zum Auftrag eines flüssigen Mediums Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0520939B1 EP0520939B1 EP92810409A EP92810409A EP0520939B1 EP 0520939 B1 EP0520939 B1 EP 0520939B1 EP 92810409 A EP92810409 A EP 92810409A EP 92810409 A EP92810409 A EP 92810409A EP 0520939 B1 EP0520939 B1 EP 0520939B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- container
- cap
- application
- extension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 flanged cover 2 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/42—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices with pads or like contents-applying means
- B65D47/44—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices with pads or like contents-applying means combined with slits opening when container is deformed or when pad is pressed against surface to which contents are to be applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/002—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces with feed system for supplying material from an external source; Supply controls therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/36—Closures with frangible parts adapted to be pierced, torn or removed, to provide discharge openings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/42—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices with pads or like contents-applying means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for applying a liquid medium, in particular a primer for adhesive bonds, which is accommodated in an airtight and moistureproof storage container, which is equipped with an application device.
- Liquid media that are built on an organic basis e.g. Primers for adhesive bonds can change chemically under the influence of air humidity, in particular harden. Such liquids should therefore be kept in airtight and moisture-tight storage containers. As a rule, only metal containers are suitable for this, in contrast to plastic containers, which generally cannot meet these requirements with a longer storage period.
- the invention aims to provide a device of the type mentioned, which has a hermetically sealed storage container which is broken open by a single movement of an actuating member, the application member being simultaneously converted into the ready-to-use state.
- the solution according to the invention is that the application device is assigned to the removal opening of the container provided with a sealing membrane and one of a sleeve has a laterally concealed application member which is held immovably with respect to the container, the sleeve being adjustable from a locked position by destroying the lock in the axial direction for at least partial release of the application member and having a separating member movable with it for tearing open the closure membrane.
- the proposed device therefore has a storage container, which is suitable for longer-term storage of moisture-sensitive liquid media and is therefore preferably made of metal, e.g. Aluminum, or from a metal vapor-coated plastic, e.g. an aluminum-vapor-coated plastic, and which can be small and easy to handle in accordance with the intended small amount of consumption.
- the application device is assigned to the removal opening of the container and structurally combined with the storage container, so that the container contents can be used immediately at any time without any preparatory work, in particular without decanting.
- a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention relates to the design of the locking device and provides that a screwed-on cap is provided on the removal side of the container as an intermediate carrier for the application device, on the hollow cylindrical attachment of which the sleeve is arranged so as to be axially movable against a retaining ring by turning is. Furthermore, the separating member connected to the sleeve by a flange is designed as a hollow cylinder arranged coaxially to the sleeve with a sharp-edged opening edge at the end of the container and is mounted so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the cylindrical bore of the cap attachment.
- the practical structure of the device is designed, for example, such that the application member is supported in the sleeve by an annular disk with lateral tabs, which annular disk is provided with a plurality of support elements pointing away from the application member, which bear against the end wall of the hollow cylindrical extension of the cap.
- the securing ring can be designed as a releasable stop and can be attached between the end of the sleeve facing the cap and a shoulder of the cap in such a way that the same is destroyed when the sleeve is turned inwards.
- the sleeve can be screwed directly onto the container and in the rest position can be blocked by a locking ring, which locking ring is supported on the container side on a shoulder formed by the thread.
- the device shown in Figs. 1a to 1d which is intended for example for applying a primer for adhesive bonds, has a cylindrical storage container 1, e.g. made of aluminum, e.g. flanged cover 2, which tightly seals the rear filling opening of the container 1.
- a removal opening 4 is provided in the center of the front-side container wall 3, which is closed off by a sealing membrane 5 in the stored state of the device (FIG. 1a).
- This closure membrane 5 consists of the container wall 3 surrounding the removal opening 4 in one piece and is produced, for example, by material pressing.
- the cylinder wall is provided with a thread 6, onto which a cap 7 carrying the application device is screwed.
- the application device essentially consists of a separating member 8, a sleeve 9 for actuating the separating member 8 and an intermediate member 10 which supports the absorbent application member 11, for example consisting of a felt plug, for applying the contents of the container.
- the sleeve 9 is axially movable on a hollow cylindrical extension 12 of the cap 7 by turning.
- the separating element 8 is designed as a hollow cylinder arranged coaxially to the sleeve 9 and is mounted for longitudinal displacement in the cylindrical bore of the cap extension 12.
- the separator is at the end of the container provided with a sharp-edged opening edge 13 for breaking open the sealing membrane 5.
- the cylindrical cavity 14 of the separating element 8 connects the removal opening 4 of the container 1 to the application element 11 and thus forms the passage for the container contents.
- the sleeve 9 is connected to the smaller-diameter separating member 8 by a flange 15, the separating member 8, sleeve 9 and flange 15 preferably being made of one piece and made of plastic.
- the application member 11 is surrounded by the sleeve 9 and covered by a protective seal 16 attached to the free end of the sleeve 9 and to be removed before the device is used.
- the intermediate member 10 has an annular disk 17 which supports the application member and which is axially movably guided on the inner wall of the sleeve 9.
- This annular disc 17 is provided with a plurality of support elements 18 which point away from the application member 11 and which bear against the end face of the cap attachment 12. Furthermore, the intermediate member 10 has a tab 19 extending from the annular disk 17, which extends on one side of the application element 11 to the working end thereof and serves as a guide element for guiding the device along an edge of the work surface to be coated with the application element 11.
- the separating element 8 is protected against an unintentional opening movement by a detachable stop for those connected to the separating element 8 for its actuation sleeve 9 secured.
- This stop is formed by a locking ring 20 which is attached between the shoulder 21 of the cap 7 and the end of the sleeve 9 facing the shoulder 21.
- the locking ring 20 is designed in a known and therefore not explained manner such that it tears when the sleeve 9 is turned inwards and can then be removed without further notice.
- the device After the removal of the protective seal 16 and the securing ring 20, the device is transferred into the ready-to-use state by continuing to turn the sleeve 9 in until it stops with the shoulder 21 of the cap 7, specifically by the axial movement of the sleeve 9, the separating member 8 against the Closure membrane 5 pressed, which is broken out by the sharp-edged opening edge 13 of the same and enters the interior of the container (Fig. 1b).
- the separated closure membrane 5 automatically removes itself from the area of the removal opening 4 if the device is briefly in an upright position, i.e. with the container lid 2 at the bottom.
- the application member 11 is axially fixed by the intermediate member 10, so that the retracting free end of the sleeve 9 releases the front part of the application member 11 for use.
- the guide tab 19 also emerges from the sleeve 9, so that it follows Demand can come into operation, as will be described with reference to FIG. 6.
- the container 1 can be designed to be compressible in the manner indicated by the dash-dotted lines 22 in FIG. the cylinder wall of the container 1 is annealed.
- the device described is particularly well suited for automatic handling.
- the cap 7 can also be dispensed with. By eliminating the cap 7, the effort for the device is reduced.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b A variant of the described embodiment according to FIGS. 1a to 1d is shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- the sleeve 30 for actuating the unchanged separating member 8 is not operatively connected to the cap 31 (7 in FIG. 1) by a screw connection stands, but is guided axially displaceably on the circumference of the hollow cylindrical projection 32 of the cap 31.
- the sleeve 30 is therefore not rotated here, but rather is displaced axially in the direction of the container 1.
- two latching points are formed by circumferential grooves 33 and 34, into which an annular latch 35 or a plurality of ring segment-shaped latches can engage.
- the sleeve 30 is designed to be sufficiently elastic that the detent 35 can move from one into the other circumferential groove 33 or 34 while deforming the sleeve wall.
- a locking ring 36 which acts similarly to the locking ring 20 in FIG. 1 a, holds the sleeve 30 in the rest position (storage state of the device) shown in FIG. 2 a.
- the sleeve is also first rotated here, but no axial displacement of the same takes place in this process.
- the remaining parts of the device correspond to those according to FIGS. 1a to 1d and are not described in more detail here.
- FIGS. 3a, 3b; 4a, 4b and 5a, 5b differ from the devices already described in particular in that the cap screwed onto the container 1 (7 in FIG. 1) is omitted as an intermediate carrier for the application device.
- the sleeve 40 instead of the previous cap, the sleeve 40 itself is screwed onto the container 1, which is otherwise of the same construction.
- This solution is primarily intended for a container with a smaller diameter, for example for a container with a smaller stock.
- the sleeve 40 serving to actuate the separating member 41 is blocked in the rest position by a locking ring 42, the locking ring 42 being supported here on the container side on a shoulder 43 formed by the thread 6.
- the separating member 41 connected to the sleeve 40 by a flange 44 is somewhat modified and relatively short in this example, since with the cap 7 according to FIG. 1 the hollow cylindrical extension 12 is also omitted and the separating member 41 is kept shorter by the axial length of these parts can.
- the intermediate member 45 as the base of the application member 46 is basically the same as before, with the difference that the support elements 47 are now supported directly on the front-side container wall 3. Likewise, the operation and mode of operation of the sleeve 40 and the separating member 41 are the same as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
- FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5a, 5b differ from those according to FIGS. 3a, 3b in that for the operational connection between the application device and the container, not an external thread on the circumference of the container, but rather the removal opening of the container surrounding thread approach is provided.
- the shape of the container can be selected independently of the connection mentioned, which is aligned with cylindrical connecting means, and can also be cubic, for example.
- FIGS. 4a, 4b show a first example of this variant, in which the container 50 has an inwardly directed threaded projection 51 with an internal thread on the removal side.
- the closure membrane 52 is located at the inner end of the threaded attachment 51.
- the separating member 53 which performs the axial movement required to break open the closure membrane 52, is screwed directly into the threaded attachment 51 in the present case, while the sleeve 54 serving to actuate the separating member 53 is not a direct one Has connection to the container 50.
- the latter is connected to the separating member 53 by a flange 58 and, in the stored state, is blocked by a retaining ring 55, which is supported on the front side of the container 50.
- the intermediate member 56 for supporting the application member 57 is designed in the manner already described.
- the container 60 has on its end face an outwardly directed threaded shoulder 61 onto which the sleeve 62 is screwed.
- the arrangement of the sleeve 62 and the formation of the other parts, for example the sealing membrane 63, the separating member 64 and the intermediate member 65, is similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1a to 1d. This version in particular results in a very compact design of the device.
- FIG. 6 shows a frequently occurring application example of the device according to the invention.
- a layer 71 of a primer is to be applied to the edge of a work surface 70, the longitudinal track of which extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- the ready-to-use device 72 is placed on the work surface 70 such that the guide tab 73 comes to lie next to the end edge 74 of the work surface 70.
- the application member 75 is compressed somewhat, as a result of which the guide tab 73 now engages over the end edge 74 and can be moved along this edge for longitudinal guidance of the device.
- the guide tab 73 can generally be designed such that it can be broken off in whole or in part when not required.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4120634A DE4120634A1 (de) | 1991-06-22 | 1991-06-22 | Geraet zum auftragen eines fluessigen mediums |
DE4120634 | 1991-06-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0520939A1 EP0520939A1 (de) | 1992-12-30 |
EP0520939B1 true EP0520939B1 (de) | 1995-02-01 |
Family
ID=6434514
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92810409A Expired - Lifetime EP0520939B1 (de) | 1991-06-22 | 1992-05-27 | Gerät zum Auftrag eines flüssigen Mediums |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5193928A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
EP (1) | EP0520939B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
JP (1) | JPH05237437A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
AT (1) | ATE117918T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
AU (1) | AU1808892A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
CA (1) | CA2071794A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
DE (1) | DE4120634A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
ZA (1) | ZA924103B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5277522A (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 1994-01-11 | Empire Manufacturing, Inc. | Trench shield assembly |
US5769552A (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1998-06-23 | Creative Products, Inc. | Fluid product holding and dispensing system |
DE19636133A1 (de) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-12 | Gerl Dirk Uwe | Farbenspender |
EP0922645A1 (de) * | 1997-12-11 | 1999-06-16 | Gurit-Essex AG | Applikator für dünnflussige Medien |
FR2816600B1 (fr) * | 2000-11-13 | 2003-03-21 | Michel Faurie | Dispositif distributeur de liquides goutte a goutte |
US6533484B1 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2003-03-18 | Allegiance Corporation | Solution applicator |
US20050019089A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2005-01-27 | Gary Ashe | Disposable single-use applicator with seal opening cap |
CA2457248C (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2012-07-17 | Closure Medical Corporation | Applicators, dispensers and methods for dispensing and applying adhesive material |
US20040190975A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-09-30 | Closure Medical Corporation | Applicators, dispensers and methods for dispensing and applying adhesive material |
EP1616590B1 (de) * | 2004-07-16 | 2010-03-31 | Dentaco Dentalindustrie und -marketing GmbH | Mehrkammerampulle zum Ausgeben eines aus mehreren Substanzen bestehenden Gemisches |
ITMO20040184A1 (it) * | 2004-07-16 | 2004-10-16 | Lameplast Spa | 'applicatore per sostanze fluide per uso medico e o cosmetico'. |
US7201525B2 (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2007-04-10 | Allegiance Corporation | Liquid antimicrobial solution applicator |
USD540470S1 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2007-04-10 | Closure Medical Corporation | Adhesive dispenser/applicator device |
US7516872B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2009-04-14 | Closure Medical Corp. | Applicators, dispensers and methods for mixing, dispensing and applying adhesive or sealant material and another material |
US7918621B2 (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2011-04-05 | Clast Trading Ltd. | Applicator and tube dispenser for low and high viscosity adhesive components |
USD772314S1 (en) * | 2008-10-26 | 2016-11-22 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid application device |
DE102011003060A1 (de) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-07-26 | Krones Aktiengesellschaft | Leimzuführeinrichtung und Etikettiermaschine |
CN103171819B (zh) | 2013-04-16 | 2015-11-25 | 葛兰素史克(中国)投资有限公司 | 给液器 |
US9433959B2 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2016-09-06 | Ingenierio, Inc. | Apparatus and related methods for dispensation of a liquid |
USD755866S1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-05-10 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid application device |
USD755865S1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-05-10 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid application device |
USD812658S1 (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-03-13 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD803914S1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-28 | Designetics | Fluid applicator with flow diverter |
USD805115S1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-12-12 | Designetics | Fluid applicator with flow diverter |
USD828413S1 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2018-09-11 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD803284S1 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-11-21 | Designetics | Fluid applicator |
USD806149S1 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-26 | Designetics | Fluid applicator |
USD846607S1 (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-04-23 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD837843S1 (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-01-08 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD829781S1 (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-10-02 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD834076S1 (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-11-20 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD834625S1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-11-27 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD829784S1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-10-02 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD829782S1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-10-02 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD829783S1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-10-02 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD832314S1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-10-30 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator |
USD831712S1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-10-23 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid application device |
USD847229S1 (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2019-04-30 | Designetics, Inc. | Fluid applicator with guide |
CN109368009B (zh) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-08-25 | 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 | 一种防误插快速进料装置及组件 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB929331A (en) * | 1962-03-12 | 1963-06-19 | Solitaire & Saponite Reunis | Devices for applying liquid and semi-liquid compositions to surfaces |
US3414360A (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1968-12-03 | Schwartzman Gilbert | Sealing means for applicator |
DE3526819A1 (de) * | 1985-07-26 | 1987-02-12 | Bramlage Gmbh | Spender fuer pastoese massen |
BE1000760A6 (fr) * | 1987-07-27 | 1989-03-28 | Lynes Holding Sa | Dispositif de bouchon verseur. |
DE3820450A1 (de) * | 1988-06-16 | 1990-01-04 | Geka Brush Georg Karl Gmbh | Auftragstift fuer fluessigkeiten |
DE3937299A1 (de) * | 1989-11-09 | 1991-05-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Vorrichtung zum auftragen von klebstoff |
-
1991
- 1991-06-22 DE DE4120634A patent/DE4120634A1/de active Granted
-
1992
- 1992-05-27 EP EP92810409A patent/EP0520939B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-27 AT AT92810409T patent/ATE117918T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-06-05 ZA ZA924103A patent/ZA924103B/xx unknown
- 1992-06-05 AU AU18088/92A patent/AU1808892A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-06-19 JP JP4160520A patent/JPH05237437A/ja active Pending
- 1992-06-22 US US07/901,928 patent/US5193928A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-22 CA CA002071794A patent/CA2071794A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0520939A1 (de) | 1992-12-30 |
DE4120634A1 (de) | 1992-12-24 |
US5193928A (en) | 1993-03-16 |
CA2071794A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
DE4120634C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-07-01 |
ZA924103B (en) | 1993-02-24 |
JPH05237437A (ja) | 1993-09-17 |
AU1808892A (en) | 1992-12-24 |
ATE117918T1 (de) | 1995-02-15 |
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