EP0519965A1 - Tete d'application pour applicateurs de milieux. - Google Patents

Tete d'application pour applicateurs de milieux.

Info

Publication number
EP0519965A1
EP0519965A1 EP91905779A EP91905779A EP0519965A1 EP 0519965 A1 EP0519965 A1 EP 0519965A1 EP 91905779 A EP91905779 A EP 91905779A EP 91905779 A EP91905779 A EP 91905779A EP 0519965 A1 EP0519965 A1 EP 0519965A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
discharge
discharge head
section
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91905779A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0519965B1 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Graf
Peter Pfeiffer
Ernst Buhr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Original Assignee
Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Ing Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6402138&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0519965(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Erich Pfeiffer GmbH, Ing Erich Pfeiffer GmbH filed Critical Erich Pfeiffer GmbH
Publication of EP0519965A1 publication Critical patent/EP0519965A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0519965B1 publication Critical patent/EP0519965B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1023—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem
    • B05B11/1026—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem the piston being deformable and its deformation allowing opening of the outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge head, as e.g. is used as an actuating handle and / or discharge nozzle on hand-operated discharge devices for flowable media, such as liquid, pasty or similar media.
  • the discharge head can be retrofitted as a self-contained assembly on the finished discharge device, which has a valve tappet or a pump piston shaft, e.g. can only be fastened with a plug connection in that a shaft end of a shaft of the discharge head is pushed onto the valve tappet or the pump piston shaft.
  • the shaft is formed in one piece with the base body, one and the same discharge head base body can only be certain size of pestle to be connected.
  • the situation is similar when the pump piston forms an assembly unit with the discharge head.
  • the invention is further based on the object of avoiding disadvantages of known designs and, in particular, of creating a discharge head which can be adapted to different discharge devices and, if appropriate, to different discharge openings with a simple design.
  • a separate shaft can be fastened to the discharge head by means of a plug-in connection, in particular exclusively by a press fit, this shaft preferably having a connecting member with one end for direct connection to the actuating member of the discharge device and / or with the other end a profiled Shaft end forms, for example serves to guide the media flow in changing directions.
  • This end of the shaft is preferably inserted into a short, freely projecting inner sleeve of the discharge head in such a way that the major part of the length of the shaft lies completely contact-free within the discharge head.
  • the shaft or the shaft end which is fixedly arranged in the discharge head expediently has longitudinally adjoining shaft sections of different outer width, where it expediently has the largest shaft width in the region of the connecting member and the smallest shaft width at the other shaft end.
  • the connecting member has, in the manner of a sleeve or sleeve, a central plug-in opening for receiving the actuating member of the discharge device.
  • the discharge Opening associated end of the shaft forms a reduced nozzle core with an end or end wall, axially adjacent to which the nozzle core is penetrated on the circumference by at least one passage opening, which has a section of the outlet channel lying completely inside the shaft section lying on the outer circumference of the shaft.
  • the end wall which can be connected in one piece to the rest of the shaft in the manner of a U-shaped bridge via two legs, can also have grooves, depressions or the like on its end face, for example to form a swirl device. have and with this end face against an essentially continuous inner end face of the discharge head, which is penetrated by a nozzle channel forming the discharge opening.
  • the section of the outlet channel located within the shaft expediently has cross sections which deviate from the circular shape, e.g. at least on part of its length or over its entire length, adjoining the transverse channel, e.g. are approximately flat rectangular or so star-shaped that e.g. Connect three flat groove cross sections evenly distributed around a central axis with their open long sides facing the central axis.
  • FIG. 1 shows a discharge head according to the invention in axial section, with the discharge device indicated;
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 2, but without the base body of the discharge head
  • FIG. 4 shows the shaft of the discharge head according to FIG. 2 in axial section and enlarged view
  • FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal view of the shaft according to FIG. 4 in an enlarged representation
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the shaft according to FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a discharge head
  • FIG. 8 shows the discharge head according to FIG. 7 with the discharge head base body removed
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross section through the shaft according to FIG. 9.
  • the discharge head 1 according to FIG. 1 is used for actuation and for media connection to a discharge device 2, which has, for example, a push piston pump 3 with a piston unit 4 which can be displaced in a cylinder housing 5.
  • the piston unit 4 forms an outlet valve 8 for a pump outlet channel penetrating it inside up to an actuating shaft 9.
  • the actuating shaft 9 serves as the only connection of the discharge device 2 to the discharge head 1 lying in the central axis 10 of the pump 3 by means of an axial clamping or plug connection.
  • the discharge head 1 which is formed by two injection molded plastic parts, has an outer, completely exposed, hollow housing-like base body 11 and a one-piece shaft 12, which is completely recessed therein and is open at both ends in a tube-like manner. completely covered contact with the base body 11.
  • the base body 11 forms at one end a flat, expanded cap 13, into which the protruding end of the housing 5 or the cylinder cover protrudes when assembled.
  • the closed end wall of this cap 13 forms a pressure handle 14 for actuating the pump 3.
  • the inner sleeve 17 merges with its end facing away from the cap 13 in one piece into the associated end of the outer sleeve 16 and forms with it a nozzle cap 18.
  • the outer circumference of the inner sleeve 17 projecting freely against the cap 13 is essentially contact-free over its entire length with respect to the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 16.
  • the end wall of the nozzle cap 18 is penetrated by a nozzle channel of an atomizing nozzle which forms the discharge opening 19 of the discharge device 2.
  • the shaft 12 is firmly seated into the inner sleeve 17 and the nozzle cap with a shaft end 20 which is offset several times in the outer width and corresponds to only about a quarter of the total length of the shaft 12, and is only fastened thereby. It is conceivable for 16 support ribs or the like on the inner circumference of the outer sleeve. to provide which secure the shaft 12 in position at a distance from the inner sleeve 17 on the outer circumference.
  • the nozzle core 21 merges via an approximately flat annular shoulder 36 into a short, acute-angled conical shaft section 22, to which in turn an essentially cylindrical sheep section 23 continuously connects.
  • This shaft section 23 merges within the inner sleeve 17 into a further, conical angle and beyond the free end of the inner sleeve 17 extending shaft section 24, to which a longest, continuously cylindrical shaft section 25 is continuously connected.
  • the shaft section 25 is surrounded by an outer circumference free, closed sheathing and at the end facing away from the shaft end 20 merges into an expanded, sleeve-shaped connecting member 26, which projects into the cap 13 without contact with respect to the end wall, but is set back relative to the open cap side.
  • the connecting member 26 With its inner circumference, the connecting member 26 forms a plug opening 27 which is delimited on the bottom by an annular shoulder and which is adapted to the actuating shaft 9 in such a way that it can be used up to the stop of its end on the annular shoulder.
  • the insertion opening 27 can be funnel-shaped at the introducer and have at least one projecting annular bead between its ends as a seal and clamping zone for the actuating shaft 9.
  • the shaft 12 forms a section 29 of an outlet channel 28 to be connected directly to the pump outlet channel of the actuating shaft 9 by means of the plug connection mentioned.
  • the section 29 extends from the connecting member 26 to the nozzle core 21 or to the annular shoulder 36 and is exclusive of bores limited by the shell of the shaft 12, as well as free of inserted parts.
  • the outlet channel 28 merges into a transverse channel 31 which penetrates the shaft 12 diametrically and also has essentially constant cross sections over its length and which has approximately the same flow cross sections as the section 29.
  • the transverse channel 31 passes through the outer circumference of the shaft 12 only in the region of the nozzle core 21 with two through openings 33 facing away from one another, which are the same width as the transverse channel 31 and connect to the annular shoulder 36.
  • the nozzle core 21 thereby forms an end wall 34 opposite one another at a distance from the annular shoulder 36, the inside 35 of which delimits the transverse channel 31 and which is opposed by two Overlying leg 38, which laterally delimits the transverse channel 31 and the passage openings 33, is connected in one piece to the shaft section 22 or the annular shoulder 36.
  • Longitudinal channels 32 extend from the annular shoulder 36 to the end face 39 of the shaft 12 or to the outside of the end wall 34, each of which connects a passage opening 33 to a common swirl device 37 lying immediately adjacent to the inner end of the nozzle channel.
  • Each longitudinal channel 32 is formed by an axial groove, the bottom surface of which is expediently curved about the central axis 10 and which can be the same width as or wider than the associated passage opening 33, its flow cross sections being expediently constant over its length.
  • the grooves are provided in the outer circumference of the nozzle core 21 and are closed by the associated inner circumference of the nozzle cap 18 on the open longitudinal sides of the groove.
  • the ring shoulder 36 lies tightly against a corresponding ring shoulder of the nozzle cap 18, into which the shaft sections 22, 23, 24 also engage in a tight and self-locking manner.
  • the medium flows through the channel section 29 and the transverse channel 31 into the much narrower longitudinal channels 32 and then into even narrower connecting channels provided in the end face 39, through which the medium is set into a rotational flow around the nozzle axis and then through the nozzles ⁇ channel is atomized for use.
  • the discharge head 1 can also be plugged onto the actuating shaft 9 after the pump 3 has been fastened to the container 6, since a pump actuation taking place here, limited by the stop of the piston unit 4, due to the volume relationships provided, at most to fill the channel section 29 with media , but does not lead to the discharge of medium.
  • the connecting member 26 can in the initial position Engage the pump in the housing 5 or the cylinder cover and lie completely inside the housing 5 in the pump stroke end position.
  • the shaft section 25 passes through with an approximately continuous outer width up to the annular shoulder 36 or the nozzle core 21, at the end of which it has a chamfered shaft section 22 for easier insertion into the cylindrical length of the inner circumference over the entire length May have inner sleeve 17.
  • the cylindrical section 29 of the outlet channel 28 merges at a short distance in front of the transverse channel 31 into a narrower section 30 which, according to FIG. 6, has a flat cross section such that the legs 38 are formed thereby, so that the outer diameter of the nozzle core 21 may be approximately in the order of magnitude of section 29 or is only greater by approximately the depth of the longitudinal channels 32 compared to its inner width.
  • each longitudinal channel 32 is in the form of a ring segment in cross section and is connected approximately tangentially to a central chamber or depression 41 via a connecting channel 40.
  • the connecting channel 40 and the recess 41 are formed by recesses in the end surface 39.
  • Each connecting channel 40 decreases in a wedge shape from the longitudinal channel 32 in the direction of the recess 41, and at the further entry end it has a flow cross-section which is only about half as large as that of the longitudinal channel 32, namely only extends over part of the width of this longitudinal channel 32 .
  • a wedge flank 42 of the groove-shaped connecting channel 40 extends approximately from a flank of the longitudinal channel 32 tangentially to the inner circumference of the circular recess 41, the diameter of which is of the order of the width of the longitudinal channel 32. This will with a simple design, a high atomization effect is achieved.
  • the connecting member 26 according to FIG. 4 has a plug opening 27 with a multiple diameter and at its open end an extension for receiving a correspondingly enlarged collar of the actuating shaft 9, in which, according to FIG. 1, a shaft part of a piston core of the piston unit 4 is so can be inserted that a piston sleeve is fixed with a predetermined axial tension.
  • the outer circumference of the nozzle core 21 merges directly into the shaft section 22.
  • the nozzle core 21 is provided with a stepped annular shoulder 43, which forms an annular channel with the nozzle cap 18 on the outer side of the end wall 34.
  • the outlet channel 28 forms in the region of the section 29 three channels which are in the form of a longitudinal groove, but which communicate with one another and are arranged in a star shape around the central axis 10 and extend to the inside 35 of the end wall 34.
  • a single to all groove channels are each connected via a transverse channel 31 and a passage opening 33 to a longitudinal channel 32 which opens into the annular shoulder 43.
  • transverse channels 31 uniformly distributed over the circumference and correspondingly arranged passage openings 33 and longitudinal channels 32 can be provided.
  • the respective passage opening 33 lies approximately in the plane of the bottom wall of the associated groove channel of section 39.
  • the transverse wall 34 is connected to the closed jacket of the nozzle core 21 via three legs, a passage opening 33 being provided between each two adjacent legs.
  • the shoulder 36 which delimits the respective passage opening 33 on the inside 39 lies at a distance here in front of the shaft section 22 in the jacket of the nozzle core 21. If the shaft is covered by the inner sleeve over a greater length or up to the connecting member 26, the transverse channel 31 can also be much closer to the connecting member and the longitudinal channels 32 are correspondingly lengthened.

Landscapes

  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Feeding And Guiding Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

Tête d'application (1) avec un capuchon d'actionnement (13) et un support d'écoulement (15), destinée à être montée sur la tige d'actionnement (9) d'un applicateur (2), comportant une tige (12) située à l'intérieur d'un manchon extérieur (16) du support d'écoulement (15). Ladite tige (12) est sans contact sur la majeure partie de sa longueur et possède un élément de liaison qui se monte sur la tige d'actionnement (9). L'autre extrémité (20) de la tige, fixée seulement par pression dans un court manchon interne (17), forme un coeur de busette (21) et, à l'extrémité, une paroi terminale libre (34) vers laquelle le milieu venant d'une partie centrale (29) d'un canal de sortie est dévié à angle droit et acheminé le long de canaux longitudinaux (32) vers un orifice d'écoulement (19).
EP91905779A 1990-03-14 1991-03-12 Tete d'application pour applicateurs de milieux Expired - Lifetime EP0519965B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4008070A DE4008070A1 (de) 1990-03-14 1990-03-14 Austragkopf fuer medien-austragvorrichtungen
DE4008070 1990-03-14
PCT/EP1991/000455 WO1991013688A1 (fr) 1990-03-14 1991-03-12 Tete d'application pour applicateurs de milieux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519965A1 true EP0519965A1 (fr) 1992-12-30
EP0519965B1 EP0519965B1 (fr) 1994-11-23

Family

ID=6402138

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91905779A Expired - Lifetime EP0519965B1 (fr) 1990-03-14 1991-03-12 Tete d'application pour applicateurs de milieux

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5439177A (fr)
EP (1) EP0519965B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3329808B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE114255T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7498091A (fr)
DE (2) DE4008070A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2065014T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991013688A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA911633B (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4417486A1 (de) * 1994-05-19 1995-11-23 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Austragvorrichtung für Medien
JP3566368B2 (ja) * 1994-12-09 2004-09-15 株式会社吉野工業所 トリガ式噴霧器のバネ部材
DE19622124A1 (de) * 1996-06-01 1997-12-04 Alfred Von Schuckmann Gerät zum Aufbringen von Flüssigkeiten
DE19637101A1 (de) * 1996-09-12 1998-03-19 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Austragvorrichtung für Medien
FR2764807B1 (fr) * 1997-06-18 1999-08-20 Valois Sa Dispositif de distribution nasale d'un produit fluide ou pulverulent
DE19756442A1 (de) 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für Medien
DE19807922A1 (de) * 1998-02-25 1999-08-26 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für Medien
US6276568B1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2001-08-21 Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Spray bottle grip
US20030180351A1 (en) * 1998-11-06 2003-09-25 Reinhard Gluck Pharmaceutically active composition and dispensing device
US20080220107A1 (en) * 2002-09-03 2008-09-11 Pharmacure Health Care Ab Nasal spray apparatus
TWM477195U (zh) * 2013-11-27 2014-05-01 Zong Jing Investment Inc 霧化式噴灑器
DE102016114456A1 (de) 2016-08-04 2018-02-08 Rpc Bramlage Gmbh Fingerspraypumpe sowie Düsenkopf für eine Sprühpumpe
FR3130652A1 (fr) * 2021-12-17 2023-06-23 Aptar France Sas Tête de pulvérisation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL229152A (fr) * 1957-07-05
US3180536A (en) * 1963-04-08 1965-04-27 Meshberg Philip Selective dispensing means
GB1022138A (en) * 1963-04-10 1966-03-09 Gas Pak Pty Ltd Gas pressurised container
US3257043A (en) * 1964-02-04 1966-06-21 Fevre Herbert William Le Aerosol valve with metering button
US3211346A (en) * 1964-07-15 1965-10-12 Meshberg Philip Pump-type dispenser
US3583605A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-06-08 Diamond Int Corp Liquid dispensing pump
DE2009051A1 (de) * 1970-02-26 1970-09-10 Raion Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokio Zylinderkolbenpumpenspritzkopf
US3669359A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-06-13 Precision Valve Corp Aerosol mechanical break-up nozzle insert
US3684185A (en) * 1970-11-13 1972-08-15 Avon Prod Inc Valve actuator
DE7211692U (de) * 1972-03-27 1972-08-17 Pfeiffer Zerstaeuber Vertriebsges Mbh Zerstaeubungsvorrichtung fuer fluessigkeiten
NO750950L (fr) * 1974-04-08 1975-10-09 Billy Nilson
US4071196A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-01-31 Vca Corporation Aerosol valve tip and insert assembly
CH616382A5 (en) * 1976-04-28 1980-03-31 Unilever Nv Nebulising device for liquids
ES247805Y (es) * 1979-01-16 1980-11-01 Pulverizador
DE3045565C2 (de) * 1980-12-03 1983-01-20 Deutsche Präzisions-Ventil GmbH, 6234 Hattersheim Vorrichtung zum Versprühen einer Flüssigkeit aus einem Behälter
CS235119B1 (en) * 1981-12-16 1985-05-15 Miloslav Sorm Double-acting mechanical pump for liquid sprayers
FR2547737B1 (fr) * 1983-06-24 1988-04-08 Valois Sa Embout-poussoir pour pulverisateur medical
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FR2588490B1 (fr) * 1985-10-11 1988-01-08 Valve Precision Sarl Diffuseur en matiere plastique moulee pour la diffusion de produits sous forme de mousse, adaptable sur recipients pressurises
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Title
See references of WO9113688A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59103587D1 (de) 1995-01-05
ES2065014T3 (es) 1995-02-01
JP3329808B2 (ja) 2002-09-30
ATE114255T1 (de) 1994-12-15
JPH05505140A (ja) 1993-08-05
EP0519965B1 (fr) 1994-11-23
US5439177A (en) 1995-08-08
DE4008070A1 (de) 1991-09-19
AU7498091A (en) 1991-10-10
ZA911633B (en) 1991-11-27
WO1991013688A1 (fr) 1991-09-19

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