EP0515877B1 - Trocknungsverfahren zur Füllfähigkeitssteigerung von Tabakmaterial - Google Patents

Trocknungsverfahren zur Füllfähigkeitssteigerung von Tabakmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0515877B1
EP0515877B1 EP92107688A EP92107688A EP0515877B1 EP 0515877 B1 EP0515877 B1 EP 0515877B1 EP 92107688 A EP92107688 A EP 92107688A EP 92107688 A EP92107688 A EP 92107688A EP 0515877 B1 EP0515877 B1 EP 0515877B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
gas
drying gas
tobacco material
set forth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92107688A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0515877A3 (en
EP0515877A2 (de
Inventor
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Hirsch
Arno Dipl.-Ing. Weiss
Erhard Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Rittershaus
Gitta Dipl.-Ing. Jünemann
Caspar Henk Koene
Ingo Pautke
Fritz Schelhorn
Herbert Sommer
William John Stone
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British American Tobacco Germany GmbH, BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH filed Critical British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Publication of EP0515877A2 publication Critical patent/EP0515877A2/de
Publication of EP0515877A3 publication Critical patent/EP0515877A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0515877B1 publication Critical patent/EP0515877B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
    • A24B3/182—Puffing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drying process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco material.
  • the different target functions can be grouped into three groups that relate to product and process properties.
  • the group of physical product properties essentially comprises the target functions of a good tobacco filling ability, with a relatively low cigarette draw resistance and a low degradation, resulting in stable cigarette ends.
  • the chemical-sensory product properties form the second group, the optimum of which is characterized by high aroma retention, low ingredient influence and a satisfactory smoky taste.
  • the optimal process management as a third group requires the minimized use of energy and, from the point of view of environmental protection, the lowest possible exhaust gas emissions.
  • the individual target functions of the three different target groups are essentially determined by the process parameters shown in the table below, namely the tobacco moisture before and the tobacco moisture after drying, the local heat and mass transfer coefficient between the tobacco surface and the surrounding drying gas during treatment, and the specific Heat of the drying gas.
  • Optimal physical product properties are achieved by a relatively high tobacco moisture before drying, the upper limit of approximately 40% for leaf cut, based on damp tobacco, which is applicable in practice, and a relatively low tobacco moisture after drying, as high as possible, can serve as a guide Heat and mass transfer coefficients during the treatment and the highest possible specific heat of the drying gas, which can be achieved for example by a high water vapor content.
  • optimal chemical-sensory product properties require that the tobacco moisture before drying approximately corresponds to the usual cutting tobacco moisture of about 18% to 20% on a wet basis, and that the tobacco moisture after drying is not lower than the usual cigarette moisture, i.e. H. about 12%, again based on moisture.
  • the local heat and material exchange should now be as low as possible during drying; likewise, to avoid steam distillation, the water vapor content in the drying gas.
  • the process characteristics to be aimed at, in particular with minimal environmental pollution, are represented by the lowest possible exhaust air temperature and the lowest possible moisture difference of the tobacco material before and after drying, and a low water vapor content in the drying gas.
  • DE 34 41 649 A1 discloses a method for reducing the moisture content of expanded tobacco, in which the expanded tobacco is dried in a dryer with hot gas at a temperature within a range from approximately 340 ° C. to approximately 510 ° C.
  • the residence time within one or more dryers connected in series is such that a tobacco product with a moisture content of approximately 3% to approximately 16%, based on the weight at the dryer outlet, is obtained.
  • the temperature of the drying gas inside the dryer was kept constant at around 510 ° C.
  • DE 31 47 846 A1 teaches a method for improving the fillability of tobacco material by expanding the moist tobacco material by reducing the pressure and then drying to processing moisture.
  • the tobacco material is dried with a tobacco moisture content of 15% to 80% to a moisture content of 2% to 16%, based in each case on the moist tobacco material.
  • the temperature of the drying gas is between 50 ° C and 1000 ° C and is preferably above 100 ° C.
  • An expansion device is arranged upstream of a drying section and either separated from the drying section or connected to it to form a unit. Because of the extremely short dwell time of the tobacco material to be dried in the expansion device, drying within the expansion device can be neglected.
  • Another method for increasing the volume of shredded tobacco stems by impregnation with an impregnating agent containing at least water and subsequent heating of the impregnated parts of tobacco stems with a gaseous drying gas containing water vapor is known from DE 30 37 885 A1.
  • the drying gas has a temperature of about 105 ° C to about 250 ° C.
  • the tobacco rib parts are transported by means of a pneumatic transport system through an expansion zone and a drying zone and are held in the expansion and drying zone for at least about 10 seconds and dried to a final moisture content of at least 12.5% by weight.
  • the transport speed of the tobacco rib parts is preferably reduced in the vertical direction in a cross-sectional expansion of the drying zone to such an extent that only the parts which have dried to a certain degree of dryness are conveyed further.
  • the tobacco is introduced into a pipeline through which a gas stream with steam and air at a speed of more than about 30 m / sec at a temperature in the range from about 260 ° C to 370 ° C.
  • the pipeline has an elongated tube with a first and a second section in tandem, the first section having a smaller cross section than the second, so that the pressure in this area decreases as the gas flows through.
  • the tobacco is constantly accelerated within this tube, but without reaching the speed of the gas flow.
  • the invention has therefore set itself the task of creating a method of the generic type in which the disadvantages of the prior art are avoided; in particular, the physical and chemical-sensory properties of tobacco material for cigarette fillings are to be improved and, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the pollution of the environment associated with such a method is to be kept as low as possible.
  • the advantages achieved by the method according to the invention are based on the fact that the local heat transfer and the local mass transfer coefficient of pretreated, ie cut and moistened tobacco material, within a drying section in which the tobacco material is led to drying in a stream of a hot gas, of very high values at the beginning of the drying section while the flow through it is constantly decreasing and at the downstream end of the drying section has only comparatively low values.
  • the surface of cut individual pieces of tobacco is fixed very quickly, so that a tobacco material which is still moist is created as a kind of "corset" serving shell.
  • the procedure is determined by specifying the maximum speed and maximum temperature of the drying gas at the end of the drying section.
  • the specification of such process parameters according to the invention at the exit is to be seen in close connection with the values of the same parameters on the task in the drying section.
  • the value pairs of process-determining parameters at the task and at the end of the drying section are the result of an optimization for the implementation of tobacco drying while fulfilling target functions of the physical and chemical-sensory product properties and with regard to energy savings, which in turn benefits the reduction of environmental pollution.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by the specification of pairs of values in the form of minimum and maximum values at the beginning and at the end of the drying process, while the methods known from the prior art remain only vague in this regard and in particular such essential method parameters do not specify for specific locations within a drying system.
  • this drying gas can be achieved by a relatively low mass ratio of drying gas to tobacco material and the resulting large heat and mass transfer area. This further counteracts the overheating of the tobacco.
  • the energy consumption during drying can be kept low because the amount of drying gas to be heated is comparatively small and, as will be shown below, the associated low temperature of the drying gas at the end of the drying process reduces the energy consumption to a minimum.
  • This mass ratio of drying gas to tobacco is expediently set to values between 1 and 3.
  • the local heat transfer coefficient is between 800 and 1000 J / sm2K at the start of drying and between 120 and 180 J / sm2K at the end of drying.
  • the local mass transfer coefficient as a further essential process parameter is preferably 1 to 2 m / s at the beginning and 0.15 to 0.25 m / s at the end of drying.
  • the flow velocity of the hot gas as it flows through the drying section is preferably from a value between 30 and 100 m / s, preferably between 40 and 100 m / s, to a maximum of 15 m / s a value between 8 to 15 m / s, delayed.
  • the larger part of the drying gas separated from the dried tobacco in a separation device is advantageously heated via a directly or indirectly heated hot gas generator in order to reduce the amount of exhaust gas and / or energy consumption, and is returned to the circuit for renewed drying.
  • a directly or indirectly heated hot gas generator in order to reduce the amount of exhaust gas and / or energy consumption, and is returned to the circuit for renewed drying.
  • the remaining smaller part of the drying gas with the vaporized tobacco ingredients distributed therein is prepared in an environmentally friendly manner according to the invention in a biological exhaust gas cleaning system, the investment and operating costs of which increase roughly in proportion to the amount of exhaust gas to be cleaned .
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a drying device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Cut tobacco material passes through a feed 2 into a moistening device 4, to which water is fed via a feed 6.
  • the moistening device 4 can be formed, for example, by a dampening drum or a dampening tunnel.
  • the tobacco material is brought to a moisture content of 18% to 40%, based on moisture.
  • the swelling process that then takes place increases the volume of the tobacco material.
  • the result of this moisture treatment can additionally be improved by means of water vapor 5.
  • the moistened tobacco material is then conveyed via a gas-tight lock 8 into a pneumatic drying section 12.
  • the drying section 12 essentially consists of two vertical, interconnected sections 10, 14.
  • the tobacco material is introduced into a stream of a drying gas which flows through the drying section 12, which is vertical in the device shown, from top to bottom.
  • a drying section 12 can in principle be oriented as desired.
  • the temperature of the drying gas previously heated in the hot gas generator 20 is 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. and its flow rate is 40 to 100 m / s.
  • the drying gas at feed point 9 has a water vapor content of 20 to 90 percent by mass, and the mass ratio of drying gas to tobacco material is between 1 and 3, these values being based on the formula to calculate. Due to the high relative speed of the Drying gas to the tobacco material in connection with the high drying gas temperature and its water vapor content results in an extremely high local heat and material exchange between the drying gas and the humidified tobacco material.
  • the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ is approximately 800 to 1200 J / sm2K and the mass transfer coefficient ⁇ is approximately 1 to 2 m / s.
  • the high heat and mass exchange leads to surface drying and fixation of the tobacco fiber volume swollen in the moisture process.
  • the drying is now controlled so that on the one hand the tobacco surface remains dry in order to avoid softening of the fixed surface by diffusing water from the inside of the fiber, but on the other hand the drying is not too intensive to prevent overheating and the associated taste prevent negative effects on tobacco.
  • the tobacco material in the short first section 10 of the drying section 12 which can be designed as a simple pipe section, is accelerated to approximately drying gas speed, only by the sinking speed of the tobacco particles leading or lagging. Due to the decreasing relative speed between drying gas and tobacco material, the heat and mass exchange during the acceleration process decreases continuously.
  • the drying gas and, together with it, the tobacco material are delayed, thereby further reducing the convection on the tobacco surface.
  • the section 14 of the drying section 12 has at its downstream end a cross-sectional area that is three to five times as large as the cross-sectional area of the section 10.
  • the reduction in the local heat and mass transfer coefficients within the drying section 12 is favored by the low mass ratio of 1 to 3 of drying gas to tobacco material and, as a result, the large heat and mass transfer area.
  • water vapor 27 can also be fed into the circuit of the drying gas via a shut-off valve 31.
  • this measure can be avoided by carefully sealing the circuit against false air.
  • the dried tobacco material is then separated from the drying gas via a separation device 16, for example a cyclone or a tangential separator, and is discharged from the drying device 1 via a further gas-tight lock 18.
  • a separation device 16 for example a cyclone or a tangential separator
  • the drying gas separated from the tobacco material in the separation device 16 is passed through a fan 22, a line 38, 42, 44 to the hot gas generator 20 and heated to the original drying gas temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C.
  • This hot gas generator 20 can optionally be heated directly or indirectly, so that the drying gas stream returned via line 44 is both mixed directly with additional hot drying gas and heated in direct heat exchange with a suitable heating medium can, whereby hot drying gas can also be used as such a heating medium.

Landscapes

  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
EP92107688A 1991-05-27 1992-05-07 Trocknungsverfahren zur Füllfähigkeitssteigerung von Tabakmaterial Expired - Lifetime EP0515877B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4117329A DE4117329A1 (de) 1991-05-27 1991-05-27 Trocknungsverfahren zur fuellfaehigkeitssteigerung von tabakmaterial und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens
DE4117329 1991-05-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0515877A2 EP0515877A2 (de) 1992-12-02
EP0515877A3 EP0515877A3 (en) 1993-02-03
EP0515877B1 true EP0515877B1 (de) 1995-07-19

Family

ID=6432554

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92107688A Expired - Lifetime EP0515877B1 (de) 1991-05-27 1992-05-07 Trocknungsverfahren zur Füllfähigkeitssteigerung von Tabakmaterial

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (1) US5339837A (cs)
EP (1) EP0515877B1 (cs)
JP (1) JP2501163B2 (cs)
CN (1) CN1031169C (cs)
AT (1) ATE125115T1 (cs)
AU (1) AU642819B2 (cs)
BR (1) BR9201982A (cs)
CA (1) CA2068664C (cs)
CZ (1) CZ283798B6 (cs)
DE (2) DE4117329A1 (cs)
DK (1) DK0515877T3 (cs)
ES (1) ES2075523T3 (cs)
GR (1) GR3017694T3 (cs)
HK (1) HK162096A (cs)
HU (1) HU214117B (cs)
MX (1) MX9202515A (cs)
MY (1) MY108230A (cs)
PL (1) PL168504B1 (cs)
RU (1) RU2053695C1 (cs)
ZA (1) ZA923831B (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0823220B1 (en) * 1996-08-09 2001-06-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of and apparatus for expanding tobacco

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040094175A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2004-05-20 Zho Zeong Ghee Process for manufacturing nicotine free cigarette substitute
US7556047B2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2009-07-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of expanding tobacco using steam
PL211481B1 (pl) * 2007-05-30 2012-05-31 Int Tobacco Machinery Poland Sposób zwiększenia sprawności suszarki, zwłaszcza suszarki strumieniowej
DE102008059031A1 (de) * 2008-11-26 2010-05-27 British American Tobacco (Germany) Gmbh Rauchproduktherstellung durch thermische Extrusion
GB0902629D0 (en) * 2009-02-17 2009-04-01 Dickinson Legg Ltd Tabacco drying apparatus
CN101601500B (zh) * 2009-06-23 2012-09-05 江苏智思机械集团有限公司 烟草物料气流干燥工艺及设备
CN103760298B (zh) * 2011-12-31 2016-10-19 贵州中烟工业有限责任公司 干冰膨胀烟丝填充值检测方法
EP2745716A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-25 Philip Morris Products S.A. Method and Apparatus for Expanding a Product Containing Starch
CN103284299A (zh) * 2013-04-16 2013-09-11 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 采用SH94降低卷烟BaP释放量的烘丝工艺方法
DE102014218640B4 (de) * 2014-09-17 2016-05-12 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Trocknen eines Tabakmaterials
GB201501429D0 (en) * 2015-01-28 2015-03-11 British American Tobacco Co Apparatus for heating aerosol generating material
CN111651893B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2023-06-27 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 一种烟用爆珠干燥模型的建立方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3037885C2 (de) * 1980-10-07 1988-03-03 Tamag Basel AG, 4127 Birsfelden Verfahren zur Volumenvergrößerung von zerkleinerten Tabakrippen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE3130778C2 (de) * 1981-08-04 1985-09-19 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Füllfähigkeit von Tabak
DE3147846C2 (de) * 1981-09-05 1984-07-19 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Füllfähigkeit von Tabakmaterial
US4407306A (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-10-04 American Brands, Inc. Method for expanding tobacco with steam at high temperature and velocity
BR8405828A (pt) * 1983-11-16 1985-09-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Processo para produzir um teor em umidade de tabaco expandido
GB8530020D0 (en) * 1985-12-05 1986-01-15 British American Tobacco Co Treatment of particulate materials
GB8630656D0 (en) * 1986-12-22 1987-02-04 British American Tobacco Co Expansion of particulate vegetable material
DE3710677A1 (de) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-13 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Vorrichtung zum expandieren von zerkleinertem tabakmaterial
GB8712618D0 (en) * 1987-05-28 1987-07-01 British American Tobacco Co Expansion of tobacco

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0823220B1 (en) * 1996-08-09 2001-06-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of and apparatus for expanding tobacco

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1031169C (zh) 1996-03-06
PL168504B1 (en) 1996-02-29
HU214117B (en) 1997-12-29
MX9202515A (es) 1993-01-01
CS158592A3 (en) 1992-12-16
JP2501163B2 (ja) 1996-05-29
HU9201749D0 (en) 1992-08-28
DK0515877T3 (da) 1995-09-25
ATE125115T1 (de) 1995-08-15
CA2068664A1 (en) 1992-11-28
PL294686A1 (en) 1993-01-25
HK162096A (en) 1996-09-06
CA2068664C (en) 1996-05-28
EP0515877A3 (en) 1993-02-03
ES2075523T3 (es) 1995-10-01
US5339837A (en) 1994-08-23
BR9201982A (pt) 1993-01-12
AU642819B2 (en) 1993-10-28
CN1070320A (zh) 1993-03-31
CZ283798B6 (cs) 1998-06-17
EP0515877A2 (de) 1992-12-02
DE4117329A1 (de) 1992-12-03
GR3017694T3 (en) 1996-01-31
ZA923831B (en) 1993-01-27
MY108230A (en) 1996-08-30
RU2053695C1 (ru) 1996-02-10
AU1716792A (en) 1992-12-03
HUT67950A (en) 1995-05-29
DE59202915D1 (de) 1995-08-24
JPH05236925A (ja) 1993-09-17

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