EP0506768B1 - Stahldraht mit einem kaltverformten gefüge der unteren zwischenstufe und herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Stahldraht mit einem kaltverformten gefüge der unteren zwischenstufe und herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0506768B1
EP0506768B1 EP91901457A EP91901457A EP0506768B1 EP 0506768 B1 EP0506768 B1 EP 0506768B1 EP 91901457 A EP91901457 A EP 91901457A EP 91901457 A EP91901457 A EP 91901457A EP 0506768 B1 EP0506768 B1 EP 0506768B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
steel
strain
hardening
equal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91901457A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0506768A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Arnaud
Bernard Pierre Prudence
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12562—Elastomer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/12917—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12924—Fe-base has 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to metal wires and methods for obtaining these wires. These threads are used, for example, to reinforce plastic or rubber articles, in particular pipes, belts, plies, tire casings.
  • the son of this type commonly used today are made of steel containing at least 0.6% carbon, this steel having a hardened pearlitic structure.
  • the breaking strength of these wires is around 2800 MPa (megapascals), their diameter generally varies from 0.15 to 0.35 mm, and their elongation at break is between 0.4 and 2%.
  • These wires are produced by drawing a starting wire, called “machine wire", the diameter of which is of the order of 5 to 6 mm, the structure of this machine wire being a hard structure, consisting of perlite and ferrite. with a high rate of perlite which is generally greater than 72%.
  • the drawing operation is interrupted at least once to carry out one or more heat treatments which make it possible to regenerate the initial structure.
  • the wires themselves have a resistance to breaking which is sometimes insufficient, and their resistance to fatigue is limited, probably as a result of damage to these wires during the drawing before heat treatment, because of the high hardness of the wire rod.
  • Japanese patent application published under No. 54-79119 describes a process for preparing a boron steel wire of bainitic structure by heating in a fluidized bed.
  • the wires obtained are characterized by weak mechanical properties.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a hardened wire having a non-pearlitic structure and having a breaking strength and an elongation at break at least as high as known hardened pearlitic steel wires, and less damage than known sons.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a method which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks for producing this yarn.
  • the invention also relates to assemblies comprising at least one wire according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to articles reinforced at least in part by wires or assemblies in accordance with the preceding definitions, such articles being, for example, hoses, belts, plies, tire casings.
  • the machine wire is descaled, it is coated with a drawing soap, for example borax, and it is drawn dry to obtain a wire with a diameter of 1.1 mm, which corresponds to a slightly higher rate of deformation ⁇ at 3.2.
  • a drawing soap for example borax
  • the drawing is easily carried out thanks to the relatively ductile structure of the wire rod.
  • a steel with 0.7% carbon which is not hardened has a breaking strength R m of approximately 900 MPa and an elongation at break of approximately 8%, that is to say that it is much less ductile.
  • the drawing described above is carried out at a temperature below 0.3 T F , for the purpose of simplification, although this is not essential, the drawing temperature possibly being able to equal or exceed 0.3 T F.
  • FIG. 1 represents the longitudinal section of a portion 1 of the structure of the wire thus obtained.
  • This structure consists of elongated blocks 2 of cementite and elongated blocks 3 of ferrite, the largest dimension of these blocks being oriented in the drawing direction.
  • FIG. 2 represents a section of a portion 4 of the structure of the wire thus obtained.
  • This structure of the lower bainite type, consists of precipitates of carbide 5, distributed in a practically homogeneous manner in a matrix 6 of ferrite. This structure is obtained thanks to the preceding heat treatment, and it is preserved during cooling to room temperature.
  • the precipitates 5 generally have dimensions at least equal to 0.005 ⁇ m (micrometer) and at most equal to 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the wire thus obtained by this heat treatment and this cooling to room temperature is coated with a layer of brass.
  • the thickness of this layer of brass is small (of the order of ⁇ m) and it is negligible compared to the diameter of the wire before brass plating.
  • the wire drawing is facilitated by the brass layer.
  • the temperature of the wire, during this drawing, is necessarily less than 0.3 T F.
  • FIG. 3 represents a longitudinal section of the portion 7 of this wire according to the invention thus obtained.
  • This portion 7 has a structure of the strained lower bainite type consisting of carbides 8 of elongated shape which are practically parallel to each other and whose largest dimension is oriented along the axis of the wire, that is to say along the direction of drawing shown schematically by the arrow F in FIG. 3.
  • carbides 8 are arranged in a hardened ferritic matrix 9.
  • This wire according to the invention has a breaking strength of 3200 MPa and an elongation at break of 0.7%.
  • the structure obtained is similar to that shown in FIG. 2.
  • the temperature of the wire during this drawing is less than 0.3 T F.
  • the wire according to the invention thus obtained has a structure similar to that shown in FIG. 3.
  • This wire has a breaking strength equal to 3000 MPa and an elongation at break equal to 0.9%.
  • This wire according to the invention has a breaking strength equal to 3500 MPa and an elongation at break equal to 0.7%.
  • the intermediate structures and the final structure are analogous to the structures previously described.
  • the steel of the wire according to the invention has a carbon content at least equal to 0.2% and at most equal to 0.5%.
  • the steel of the wire according to the invention there are the following compositions: 0.3% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.6%; 0.1% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.3%; P ⁇ 0.02%; S ⁇ 0.02%; Al ⁇ 0.02%; N ⁇ 0.006%.
  • the wire after heat treatment was brass-plated to facilitate its drawing, however the invention covers the cases where other wire drawing flows are used than brass, for example copper, zinc, ternary copper alloys -zinc-nickel, copper-zinc-cobalt, copper-zinc-tin, these flows being other than steel.
  • wire work hardening in the previous examples is carried out by drawing, but other techniques are possible, for example rolling, possibly associated with drawing, for at least one of the work hardening operations.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Metalldraht mit einem Durchmesser von 0,10 bis 0,40 mm, einer Bruchfestigkeit von wenigstens 2800 MPa und einer Bruchdehnung von wenigstens 0,4 %,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    a) der Draht wenigstens teilweise aus einem Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von wenigstens 0,1 % und höchstens 0,6 % und einem Borgehalt unter 8 ppm (Teile pro Million) besteht;
    b) der Stahl des Drahtes ein kaltverformtes Gefüge der unteren Zwischenstufe aufweist.
  2. Metalldraht nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Stahl einen Kohlenstoffgehalt von mindestens 0,2 % und höchstens 0,5 % hat.
  3. Metalldraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Stahl den folgenden Beziehungen genügt: 0,3 % ≦ Mn ≦ 0,6 %; 0,1 % ≦ Si ≦ 0,3 %; P ≦ 0,02 %; S ≦ 0,02 %; Al ≦ 0,02 %; N ≦ 0,006 %.
  4. Metalldraht nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Stahl den folgenden Beziehungen genügt: Cr ≦ 0,06 %; Ni ≦ 0,15 %; Cu ≦ 0,15 %; Mo ≦ 0,015 %.
  5. Metalldraht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß er mit einer von Stahl verschiedenen metallischen Schicht überzogen ist.
  6. Metalldraht nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß er mit einer Messingschicht überzogen ist.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metalldrahts nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte:
    a) Kaltverformen eines Maschinendrahts aus Stahl, wobei der Stahl einen Kohlenstoffgehalt von wenigstens 0,1 % und höchstens 0,6 % und einen Borgehalt unter 8 ppm (Teile pro Million) hat, wobei der Stahl 28 % bis 90 % proeutektoiden Ferrit und 72 % bis 10 % Perlit aufweist; und wobei das Verformungsverhältnis ε dieser Kaltverformung wenigstens gleich 3 ist;
    b) Anhalten der Kaltverformung und Durchführen einer einzelnen strukturellen Wärmebehandlung des kaltverformten Drahts, wobei diese Wärmebehandlung darin besteht, den Draht über den Transformationspunkt AC3 aufzuheizen, um ihm eine homogene Austenitstruktur zu geben, ihn anschließend schnell auf eine Temperatur zwischen 350 °C und 450 °C abzukühlen, wobei die Geschwindigkeit der Abkühlung wenigstens 250 °C pro Sekunde beträgt und ihn in diesem Temperaturbereich während eines Zeitraums von wenigstens 30 Sekunden zu halten, um ein Gefüge der unteren Zwischenstufe mit praktisch homogen in einer ferritischen Matrix verteilten Carbidausfällungen zu erhalten;
    c) Abkühlen des Drahts auf eine Temperatur unter 0,3 TF, wobei TF die Schmelztemperatur des Stahls ist, ausgedrückt in Kelvin;
    d) Durchführen einer Kaltverformung des Drahts nach der Wärmebehandlung, wobei die Temperatur des Drahts bei dieser Kaltverformung unter 0,3 TF liegt und das Verformungsverhältnis ε dieser Kaltverformung wenigstens gleich 3 ist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Maschinendraht einen Kohlenstoffgehalt von wenigstens 0,2 % und höchstens 0,5 % hat.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Maschinendraht die folgenden Beziehungen erfüllt: 0,3 % ≦ Mn ≦ 0,6 %; 0,1 % ≦ Si ≦ 0,3 %; P ≦ 0,02 %; S ≦ 0,02 %; Al ≦ 0,02 %; N ≦ 0,006 %.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Maschinendraht die folgenden Beziehungen erfüllt: Cr ≦ 0,06 %; Ni ≦ 0,15 %; Cu ≦ 0,15 %; Mo ≦ 0,015 %.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß nach der strukturellen Wärmebehandlung und vor der Kaltverformung ein von Stahl verschiedener metallischer Überzug auf den Draht aufgebracht wird.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Überzug ein Messingüberzug ist.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Maschinendraht einen Gehalt an proeutektoidem Ferrit von wenigstens 41 % und höchstens 78 % und einen Gehalt an Perlit von wenigstens 22 % und höchstens 59 % hat.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das Verformungsverhältnis ε der Kaltverformung vor der strukturellen Wärmebehandlung wenigstens gleich 3 und höchstens gleich 6 ist.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 14,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das Verformungsverhältnis ε bei der Kaltverformung nach der strukturellen Wärmebehandlung wenigstens gleich 3 und höchstens gleich 4,5 ist.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 15,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß wenigstens eine Kaltverformung wenigstens teilweise durch Ziehen vorgenommen wird.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das nach dem schnellen Abkühlen erhaltene Gefüge der unteren Zwischenstufe so ist, daß die Carbidausfällungen im allgemeinen Ausmaße von wenigstens 0,005 µm und höchstens 0,5 µm haben.
  18. Verband mit wenigstens einem Draht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6.
  19. Verstärkter Artikel mit wenigstens einem Draht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6.
  20. Verstärkter Artikel mit wenigstens einem Verband nach Anspruch 18.
  21. Artikel nach einem der Ansprüche 19 oder 20,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß er ein Reifenmantel ist.
EP91901457A 1989-12-22 1990-12-18 Stahldraht mit einem kaltverformten gefüge der unteren zwischenstufe und herstellungsverfahren Expired - Lifetime EP0506768B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8917227A FR2656242A1 (fr) 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 Fil d'acier ayant une structure de type bainite inferieure ecrouie; procede pour produire ce fil.
FR8917227 1989-12-22
PCT/FR1990/000920 WO1991009933A1 (fr) 1989-12-22 1990-12-18 Fil d'acier ayant une structure de type bainite inferieure ecrouie; procede pour produire ce fil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0506768A1 EP0506768A1 (de) 1992-10-07
EP0506768B1 true EP0506768B1 (de) 1994-04-13

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EP91901457A Expired - Lifetime EP0506768B1 (de) 1989-12-22 1990-12-18 Stahldraht mit einem kaltverformten gefüge der unteren zwischenstufe und herstellungsverfahren

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US5342700A (de)
EP (1) EP0506768B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH05506479A (de)
KR (1) KR100223730B1 (de)
AU (1) AU654121B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9007935A (de)
CA (1) CA2069511A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69008190T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2051116T3 (de)
FI (1) FI94363C (de)
FR (1) FR2656242A1 (de)
NO (1) NO179456C (de)
OA (1) OA09592A (de)
RU (1) RU2070938C1 (de)
WO (1) WO1991009933A1 (de)

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FR2672827A1 (fr) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-21 Michelin & Cie Fil metallique comportant un substrat en acier ayant une structure de type martensite revenue ecrouie, et un revetement; procede pour obtenir ce fil.
FR2753206B1 (fr) * 1996-09-09 1998-11-06 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de fabrication de fils en acier auto-trempant, fils de forme et application a une conduite flexible
KR20010059686A (ko) * 1999-12-30 2001-07-06 이계안 프레스 소입에 의해 베이나이트 조직을 갖는 강 조성물
US20030070736A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Borg Warner Inc. High-hardness, highly ductile ferrous articles
US20040025987A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-02-12 Bhagwat Anand W. High carbon steel wire with bainitic structure for spring and other cold-formed applications
US7717976B2 (en) * 2004-12-14 2010-05-18 L&P Property Management Company Method for making strain aging resistant steel
RU2507292C1 (ru) * 2010-04-01 2014-02-20 Кабусики Кайся Кобе Сейко Се Проволока из высокоуглеродистой стали с превосходными свойствами способности к волочению и усталостными характеристиками после волочения
KR102022088B1 (ko) * 2018-02-20 2019-09-18 주식회사 삼원강재 강선의 제조 방법 및 장치

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69008190D1 (de) 1994-05-19
ES2051116T3 (es) 1994-06-01
FI94363C (fi) 1995-08-25
AU6975491A (en) 1991-07-24
NO922419L (no) 1992-06-19
BR9007935A (pt) 1992-11-24
CA2069511A1 (fr) 1991-06-23
FI922544A0 (fi) 1992-06-02
US5342700A (en) 1994-08-30
JPH05506479A (ja) 1993-09-22
EP0506768A1 (de) 1992-10-07
DE69008190T2 (de) 1994-07-28
AU654121B2 (en) 1994-10-27
FI94363B (fi) 1995-05-15
NO922419D0 (no) 1992-06-19
FI922544A (fi) 1992-06-02
FR2656242A1 (fr) 1991-06-28
NO179456C (no) 1996-10-09
WO1991009933A1 (fr) 1991-07-11
RU2070938C1 (ru) 1996-12-27
KR100223730B1 (en) 1999-10-15
NO179456B (no) 1996-07-01
OA09592A (fr) 1993-04-30
KR920703852A (ko) 1992-12-18

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