EP0500492B1 - Plasmaspritzgerät zum Versprühen von pulverförmigem oder gasförmigem Material - Google Patents

Plasmaspritzgerät zum Versprühen von pulverförmigem oder gasförmigem Material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0500492B1
EP0500492B1 EP92810095A EP92810095A EP0500492B1 EP 0500492 B1 EP0500492 B1 EP 0500492B1 EP 92810095 A EP92810095 A EP 92810095A EP 92810095 A EP92810095 A EP 92810095A EP 0500492 B1 EP0500492 B1 EP 0500492B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
plasma
spray gun
plasma spray
gun according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92810095A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0500492A1 (de
Inventor
Klaus Dr.-Ing. Landes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Metco AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer Metco AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0500492A1 publication Critical patent/EP0500492A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3452—Supplementary electrodes between cathode and anode, e.g. cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/44—Plasma torches using an arc using more than one torch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma spraying device for spraying powdery or gaseous material according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a plasma spraying device is known from EP 0 249 238 A2, in which the cathode arrangement consists of a rod cathode and the spray material is supplied at the anode-side end of the plasma guide channel through a tube inserted laterally into this channel with a tube end bent into the channel axis.
  • the invention seeks to avoid these disadvantages by moving the spray material supply to the cathode-side end of the plasma channel. Proposals in this direction are known per se; however, their use in connection with a plasma spraying device of the type mentioned at the outset has not led to satisfactory results.
  • DE-GM 1 932 150 shows a plasma spraying device with an indirect plasmatron that works with a short arc.
  • a hollow cylindrical cathode works together with a likewise hollow cylindrical, nozzle-shaped anode, the cathode protruding into the anode arranged coaxially to this.
  • the hollow cathode also serves as a feed pipe for the spray material, which is introduced axially into the arc space in this way.
  • the plasma gas passes through the annular gap between the cathode and anode into the arc space and then into the anode nozzle, through which the plasma jet is constricted.
  • DE-OS 33 12 232 A1 shows an example of such a solution on a plasma spraying device with a direct plasmatron, i.e. with an arc transferred to the workpiece.
  • a corresponding plasma spraying device with indirect plasma matron which works with a long arc, is known from WO 90/15516 A1.
  • the main components of the plasma spraying device and the mutual arrangement thereof are shown schematically therein; the structural design of the plasma spraying device, in particular in the area of the cathode arrangement and the spray material supply, is not discussed in more detail here.
  • the cathode arrangement likewise comprises a plurality of rod-shaped cathodes which are arranged in a circle distributed around a central longitudinal axis, these rod cathodes tapering toward one another.
  • Auxiliary anodes for igniting pilot arcs are assigned to the cathodes, from which individual arcs are drawn to the anode nozzle under the action of the plasma gas flowing along the cathodes and which generate a plasma stream combined in the center of the anode nozzle.
  • the spray material is introduced axially into the arc space through a tube located in the center of the cathode arrangement, and that directly to the point of union of the individual plasma flows.
  • the invention aims to achieve the highest possible energy concentration that begins in the vicinity of the cathode arrangement and extends to the anode or even beyond.
  • the selected cathode arrangement in an indirect plasmatron working with a long arc in conjunction with the constriction formed by the inlet nozzle, ensures the greatest possible energy concentration in the nozzle cavity.
  • the spray material which is introduced through the feed pipe arranged in the central axis, normally with the aid of a carrier gas, already penetrates into the hot core of the plasma jet in the vicinity of the cathode, in which the spray material, e.g. the powder particles are melted and further accelerated.
  • the carrier gas flow By varying the carrier gas flow, the initial speed of the powder particles and thus also the technically important residence time of the powder particles can be set in a simple manner. With these sizes, in combination with a suitable choice of plasma gas flow and arc current, optimal operating conditions can be achieved.
  • the central insulation body not only serves to electrically insulate the rod cathodes from one another and from the feed tube, but also has the task of forming an annular channel together with the inlet nozzle, through which the plasma gas flows into the cathode space in the most laminar form possible. It is also important that the plasma gas flows along the cathode tips protruding from the insulating body, which tips are additionally cooled as a result. This leads to an increase in cathode life.
  • the insulation body directly adjoins the arcing space and is therefore highly thermally stressed. It is therefore preferably made of a high-melting material, e.g. made of ceramic or boron nitride.
  • the cathodes preferably have a water-cooled cathode shaft and at their active end a cathode pin made of a high-melting material and inserted into the cathode shaft.
  • the cathode shaft can be made of copper and the cathode pin of thoriated tungsten.
  • the active ends of the cathodes should be as close as possible in operational terms so that the arc branches emanating from them are united as close as possible to the arc attachment points.
  • the cathode shafts have a relatively large diameter due to the cavities for water cooling and must have a minimum mutual spacing for insulation reasons, the desired small mutual spacing of the cathode pins cannot be achieved when the cathode pin is arranged coaxially with the cathode shaft.
  • the arrangement could be such that the cathode pins run obliquely towards one another; however, such a solution is unsatisfactory from a manufacturing standpoint.
  • a preferred solution is therefore to eccentrically insert the cathode pin into the Insert cathode shaft so that the longitudinal axis of the cathode pin is closer to the central longitudinal axis than that of the cathode shaft.
  • the ring channel present between the insulation body and the inlet nozzle can be preceded by a gas distribution ring seated on the insulation body and having a plurality of through bores for the inlet of the plasma gas into the ring channel.
  • a gas distribution disk is arranged in front of the insulation body, which extends radially from the central tube for the supply of the spray material to the wall of the inlet nozzle and which has a plurality of circular bores arranged for the inlet of the plasma gas the ring channel is provided in the inlet nozzle.
  • the through holes here have the same effect as those in the gas distribution ring mentioned above.
  • this gas distribution disk shields the entire front side of the insulation body from the action of the heat of the arc, so that the insulation body no longer has to be made of relatively expensive high-melting material.
  • the gas distribution disk should have a corresponding heat resistance, however, for the gas distribution disk, considerably less of the refractory material is required than otherwise for the insulation body and, moreover, has a less complicated shape than that, which leads to a simpler and cheaper solution.
  • the gas distribution disk has further through-bores through which the cathode pins extend. These through bores preferably have a larger diameter than the cathode pins. This enables part of the plasma gas to be passed through the annular gap along the cathode pins due to the difference in diameter, which further improves the cooling thereof.
  • passage holes for the plasma gas can run both in the gas distribution ring and in the gas distribution disk instead of axially, tangentially to virtual, central-axis helical lines. This allows a vortex flow of the plasma gas to be achieved, which has proven to be advantageous under certain operating conditions.
  • the paths of the molten powder particles are subject to the shot effect, ie they run in a cone which must lie along the plasma channel up to the mouth of the ring-shaped anode within the channel cross-section so that no molten particles adhere to the channel wall can deposit.
  • This condition can also be achieved by a suitable choice of the operating parameters and by a corresponding longitudinal profile of the plasma channel, for example by the plasma channel continuously expanding towards the anode following the inlet nozzle.
  • the plasma channel 4 is formed by a number of ring-shaped neutrodes 6 to 12 which are electrically insulated from one another and the ring-shaped anode 3.
  • the cathodes 1 each have a cathode shaft consisting of two parts 51 and 52, for example made of copper, which is anchored in a cathode support 13 made of insulating material. This is followed by a sleeve-shaped anode carrier 14 made of insulating material, which surrounds the neutrodes 6 to 12 and the anode 3.
  • the whole thing is held together by three metal sleeves 15, 16, 17, the first sleeve 15 being screwed to the end on the end face and the second sleeve 16 being circumferentially screwed to the first, while the third sleeve 17 is loosely anchored to the second sleeve 16 on the one hand and screwed to the anode holder 14 on the other hand .
  • the third sleeve 17 also presses with an inwardly directed flange 18 against the anode ring 3 and thus holds the elements forming the plasma channel 4 together, the neutrode 6 closest to the cathodes 1 being supported on an inner collar 19 of the anode carrier 4.
  • the cathodes 1 carry at their ends cathode pins 20, which are made of an electrically and thermally particularly conductive and also high-melting material, e.g. Tungsten.
  • the cathode pins 20 are arranged eccentrically to the respective axis of the cathode shafts 51, 52 such that their longitudinal axes are closer to the central longitudinal axis 2 than those of the cathode shafts.
  • the exposed part of the outer circumferential surface of the insulating body 21 is located radially opposite a part of the nozzle wall and forms with this wall part an annular channel 23 for the inlet of the plasma gas into the nozzle cavity 22.
  • the supply of the spray material SM, e.g. Metal or ceramic powder in the plasma jet is carried out with the aid of a carrier gas TG at the cathode-side end of the plasma channel 4.
  • a pipe 24 is provided which runs in the longitudinal axis 2 and is held by the insulating body 21 and also opens into the nozzle cavity 22, whereby the cathode pins 20 extend beyond the mouth 25 of the tube 24.
  • the plasma gas PG is fed through a transverse channel 26 provided in the cathode carrier 13, which transitions into a longitudinal channel 27, from which the plasma gas reaches an annular space 28 and from there into the annular channel 23.
  • a gas distribution ring 29 is provided on the insulating body 21 and has a plurality of through bores 30 which connect the annular space 28 to the annular channel 23.
  • the elements forming the plasma channel 4, namely the anode 3 and the neutrodes 6 to 12, are electrically insulated from one another by ring disks 31 made of insulating material, for example boron nitride, and are gas-tightly connected to one another by sealing rings 32.
  • the plasma channel 4 has in the area close to the cathode a constriction zone 33 and, following this constriction zone 33, widens towards the anode 3 to a diameter which is at least 1.5 times as large as the channel diameter at the narrowest point of the constriction zone 33. After this expansion, the plasma channel 4 is cylindrical to its anode end.
  • the anode 3 is made up of an outer ring 34, for example of copper, and an inner ring 35 of an electrically and thermally particularly conductive and also high-melting material, for example tungsten.
  • the neutrode 6 closest to the cathode rods 1 extends over the entire constriction zone 33, so that the channel wall 5 unites beyond the narrowest point of the constriction zone has a steady course.
  • the parts directly exposed to the arc and plasma heat are largely water-cooled.
  • different cavities for the circulation of the cooling water KW are provided in the cathode holder 13, in part 52 of the cathode shaft and in the anode holder 14.
  • the cathode holder 13 has three annular spaces 36, 37 and 38, which are connected to connecting lines 39, 40 and 41, and the anode holder 14 has an annular space 42 in the region of the anode 3 and all neutrodes in the region of the neutrodes 6 to 12 surrounding cavity 43 on.
  • Cooling water KW is supplied via the connecting lines 39 and 41.
  • the cooling water of the connecting line 39 first passes through a longitudinal channel 44 to the annular space 42 surrounding the most thermally stressed anode 3.
  • the cooling water flows through the cavity 43 of the lateral surface of the neutrodes 6 to 12 back through a longitudinal channel 45 into the annular space 37
  • the cooling water of the connecting line 41 flows into an annular space 38 and out of this into a cavity 46 of the cathode shaft part 52, which is divided by a cylindrical partition wall 47.
  • the cooling water finally arrives from the cathode shafts into the annular space 37, from which it flows out via the connecting line 40.
  • FIG. 3 shows the approximate course of the arc 48 during operation of the plasma spraying device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, as well as the flow course of the plasma gas PG and the trajectory of the spray material SM.
  • the effect of the constriction zone 33 and the subsequent expansion of the plasma channel 4 can clearly be seen.
  • the distance between the channel wall 50 and the plasma jet is relatively large. Under these circumstances, the channel wall 50 is thermally less stressed in this area, and the cooling capacity can be reduced accordingly.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the plasma spraying device which has been modified in the region of the cathode space and which can otherwise be of the same design as that of FIG. 1.
  • the same reference numbers as in FIG. 1 are used for the constant parts of the device been.
  • the gas distribution ring 29 in FIG. 1 is replaced by a gas distribution disk 53, which is located in front of the central insulation body 54 and extends radially from the central pipe 24 for the supply of the spray material to the wall 55 of the inlet nozzle 6 extends.
  • This gas distribution disk 53 is provided with a plurality of through bores 56 arranged in a circle for the inlet of the plasma gas from the ring channel 57 into the nozzle cavity 22 of the inlet nozzle 6.
  • the passage bores 56 have a tangential directional component, so that the plasma gas flows into the inlet nozzle 6 in a vortex around the central longitudinal axis 2.
  • the same measure can of course also be provided for the gas distribution ring 29 according to FIG. 1.
  • the front surface of the insulation body 54 facing the gas distribution disk 53 is recessed in some areas, so that a sector-shaped cavity 58 results in these areas, which is delimited by the parts 59 reaching as far as the gas distribution disk 53 (chain-dotted lines in FIG. 5).
  • the through bores 60, through which the cathode pins 20 extend, have a somewhat larger diameter than the cathode pins 20. Due to the gap existing due to the difference in diameter and the cavity 58, part of the plasma gas flows out of the annular space 57 directly along the cathode pins 20 into the nozzle cavity 22. The course of the flow is indicated by the arrows 61.
  • FIG. 6 to 8 show a further variant of the means for supplying the plasma gas into the cathode compartment.
  • the parts that remain the same as in FIG. 4 are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • a guide sleeve 70 for example made of copper, which takes up the annular space between the central insulation body 71 and the neutrode 72 near the cathode and is continuous on its outside Has longitudinal grooves 73 for the gas passage.
  • the longitudinal grooves 73 run helically, so that this extends from the annular space 57 in the direction of the arrow 74 into the longitudinal grooves 73
  • Incoming plasma gas exits the guide sleeve 70 in a vortex shape.
  • the guide sleeve 70 extends to close to the wall 75 of the neutrode 72 delimiting the constriction region.
  • sector-shaped cavities 76 are provided in the insulating body 71 on the front side of the cathode shaft parts 52, from which part of the plasma gas flows along the same in the nozzle cavity 22 for additional cooling of the cathode pins 20.
  • the plasma gas enters each of these sector-shaped cavities 76 through a longitudinal gap 77, which is connected to a radial inlet bore 78 in the insulating body 71.
  • the flow pattern is indicated by arrow 79.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
EP92810095A 1991-02-21 1992-02-10 Plasmaspritzgerät zum Versprühen von pulverförmigem oder gasförmigem Material Expired - Lifetime EP0500492B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4105407A DE4105407A1 (de) 1991-02-21 1991-02-21 Plasmaspritzgeraet zum verspruehen von festem, pulverfoermigem oder gasfoermigem material
DE4105407 1991-02-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0500492A1 EP0500492A1 (de) 1992-08-26
EP0500492B1 true EP0500492B1 (de) 1996-03-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92810095A Expired - Lifetime EP0500492B1 (de) 1991-02-21 1992-02-10 Plasmaspritzgerät zum Versprühen von pulverförmigem oder gasförmigem Material

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5332885A (ja)
EP (1) EP0500492B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3131001B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE136190T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2061181C (ja)
DE (2) DE4105407A1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP1801256B2 (en) † 2005-12-21 2015-07-01 Sulzer Metco (US) Inc. Hybrid plasma-cold spray method and apparatus

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EP0500492A1 (de) 1992-08-26
DE59205803D1 (de) 1996-05-02
CA2061181C (en) 1998-06-30
ATE136190T1 (de) 1996-04-15
US5332885A (en) 1994-07-26
DE4105407C2 (ja) 1993-02-11
JP3131001B2 (ja) 2001-01-31
JPH0584455A (ja) 1993-04-06
DE4105407A1 (de) 1992-08-27
CA2061181A1 (en) 1992-08-22

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