EP0479693A1 - Strassenbeleuchtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit horizontalem, auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge gerichtetem Lichtstrom - Google Patents
Strassenbeleuchtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit horizontalem, auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge gerichtetem Lichtstrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0479693A1 EP0479693A1 EP91430024A EP91430024A EP0479693A1 EP 0479693 A1 EP0479693 A1 EP 0479693A1 EP 91430024 A EP91430024 A EP 91430024A EP 91430024 A EP91430024 A EP 91430024A EP 0479693 A1 EP0479693 A1 EP 0479693A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lighting
- vehicles
- flux
- road
- public
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019557 luminance Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241001465382 Physalis alkekengi Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001106476 Violaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
- F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
- F21S8/085—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light
- F21S8/086—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light with lighting device attached sideways of the standard, e.g. for roads and highways
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
- E01F9/619—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings with reflectors; with means for keeping reflectors clean
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a method of public lighting of roads and motorways, and devices resulting therefrom intended to ensure in particular better efficiency, better safety and energy savings, with a low installation cost and great ease of maintenance.
- the BLACKWELL curve shows that the contrast must then increase by approximately 70% for equivalent visibility.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide the means for lighting the roads according to a process offering a much greater contrast than the traditional means, without generally using candelabras and with lower energy consumption.
- the means according to the invention comprise the laying, in central reservation of roads with separate carriageways or at the edge of two-way roads, lanterns or projectors containing a light source, regularly spaced.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a process in which the flow from the lamps (light sources) of the lanterns or spotlights is directed by means of a reflector, towards the rear of the vehicles and along a substantially horizontal axis of such so that the rear of vehicles is well lit, while the roadway is dark, thus providing a luminance and positive contrast of high values thus allowing motorists following this vehicle to distinguish it perfectly.
- a device comprises a plurality of projectors regularly spaced along the roads, these projectors producing by reflection a narrow luminous flux (in a vertical plane) whose axis is substantially horizontal.
- the part of the light flux emitted by the source of the projector and reflected by the reflector in a single reflection is directed substantially horizontally at more or less five degrees of angle, and that the total opening (A) of this flow in a vertical plane is ten degrees maximum, for more than 95 percent of the flow.
- the projectors are placed on supports at a low height, less than two meters from the ground, preferably less than 1.50 m, more particularly less than 1.20 m, these projectors are supplied with electrical energy by transport cables or by photovoltaic cells in special cases.
- the pro reflector jector returns in a single reflection the part of the light energy which illuminates it, substantially horizontally towards the rear of the vehicles, for example by means of a reflector of parabolic cylindrical shape whose axial plane which passes through the line of the hearth is horizontal , the light source being placed substantially at the focal point of the parabola, and on the other hand thanks to absorbers (or mirrors) placed at the ends of this cylindro-parabolic reflector, to absorb (or return) the part of the light rays which would be directed towards the front of vehicles or towards vehicles traveling in the opposite direction: absorbent surfaces can also be used to limit certain parts of the unwanted flux, in particular direct radiation which can dazzle drivers, for example by mirrors.
- the reflector can also have a polyellipsoidal surface (also called a complex surface): its shape is defined by computer, point by point (around 50,000), so that each part of the emitted beam is directed towards a precisely fixed area (this type of reflector is used in car headlights).
- a polyellipsoidal surface also called a complex surface: its shape is defined by computer, point by point (around 50,000), so that each part of the emitted beam is directed towards a precisely fixed area (this type of reflector is used in car headlights).
- the substantially horizontal luminous flux directed towards the rear of the vehicles is highly concentrated in narrow fluxes which can then be guided to specific points at the rear of the vehicles (which can advantageously be provided with retro-reflectors), or towards signposts or substantially vertical retroreflective devices which then allow very good guidance for motorists, or else in unidirectional tunnels.
- a particular embodiment consists in the use of light sources with flux developing essentially in the ultraviolet, that is to say of which the wavelength of the radiation is less than 0.40 micron, with an objective of no glare from motorists coming in the opposite direction and / or in areas where fog and snow prevail frequently.
- the method according to the invention results in new road public lighting devices.
- the devices according to the invention have the following advantages: they offer high contrasts and strong luminances with lower energy consumption: it is more efficient to light a vehicle which will come off on a dark road than the opposite, and it is thus possible to illuminate traffic signs or retroreflective surfaces, which are in a vertical plane to be seen from the conductors.
- the production of the public lighting system and its maintenance will be very economical, given the very low height of the supports; good "guidance” of the vehicles is obtained using retro-reflective devices provided on the sides of the road.
- a coefficient of uniformity greater than 0.3 relating to the illumination of the rear of vehicles can be obtained without difficulty, that is to say that the ratio of the minimum received luminance to the maximum received luminance on a plate vertical moving, at 0.50 m in height, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the highway, for example on the right-most traffic lane, remaining substantially perpendicular to this axis, is greater than 0.3.
- each assembly comprises a mat or support 130 on which are fixed two projectors 1 13, respectively 1 2 and 1 4 ; one of the searchlights (1 3 respectively 1 4 ) illuminates towards one of the carriageways, the other (1 1 respectively 1 2 ), which turns its back on the first, illuminates towards the other carriageway.
- the light flux is slightly offset from the longitudinal axis XX 1 of the highway, since the axis of the roadway is itself offset from 1 to 10 meters from the latter. This also has the advantage of reducing the possible glare of the driver by the mirrors.
- the light fluxes F 1 and F 2 (partially hatched) between successive headlights overlap in an area 8, so as to ensure good uniformity of illumination of the rear panel of vehicles in circulation.
- the maximum of the luminous flux being substantially in the axis YV 1 of the projector, this flux is weaker on the edges; we therefore see that the rear of the automobile 3 entering the light field of the headlamp 1 3 will be reinforced by a part of the light flux of the previous headlamp, which ensures uniformity greater than 0.3 for this transom for vehicles traveling to the right.
- the drawing shows an appreciable intersection of the luminous flux with the ground, to show the direction of the fluxes: however, the radiation being almost horizontal, only a very small part of the flux, (around 1% approximately) reaches the pathways. circulation.
- the luminous flux F 1 coming from the projector may have a substantially horizontal axis ZZ to the nearest five degrees, preferably to three degrees, more particularly to two degrees, and a total opening A of beams in a plane vertical passing through this axis a maximum of 10 degrees, preferably no more than six degrees, more particularly four degrees, so as to ensure a good concentration of at least 95% of the flux (measured in lux) on the board rear of vehicles.
- the opening B in a horizontal plane can be of the order of 30 degrees.
- the luminous flux will have to be turned towards the rear of the vehicles, which implies that all the light rays coming from the headlamp 1 3 will have to be directed in the direction F of circulation towards the half-space limited by a passing vertical plane by the luminous focus and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the highway; preferably, the axis of the flux will make an angle C of less than forty five degrees with an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis XX i , more particularly an angle C of between 0 and 20 °.
- the process which is the subject of the invention therefore ensures a relatively uniform light flux towards the rear panel of vehicles in circulation, the roadway being very dimly lit since the almost horizontal light flux also extends over a very large area of land: this flux is sufficient, however, to enhance an object on the ground, much more effectively than with traditional vertical lighting, since the grazing light leads to considerable drop shadows.
- retroreflective road signs can be noticed at a great distance by the driver, in particular for gantries, out of range of motorists' codes, which can be illuminated by a specific projector.
- This marking and enhancement of the signaling permitted by the invention is an element at least as important as lighting the rear panel of vehicles, in assessing its effectiveness. It can also be noted that traditional public lighting is designed without being able to prevent part of the light flux from being seen by the driver and illuminating the windshield, which is likely to cause visual disturbance. Public lighting from the rear eliminates this drawback, subject to taking into account in the installation of the rear view mirrors which must return a minimum of flux to the driver.
- Figure 2 shows in perspective a support 130 of projectors, which is advantageously of a height less than 1.50 m; this support is surmounted by a plate 14 carrying two projectors: these are placed back to back to each light a different road.
- the total height H (from the ground) of the device can be from 1.00 to 1.40 m approximately, if we want the luminous flux to pass over the possible sliders, the top of which is 80 cm from the ground approx.
- These projectors are provided for example with a cylindro-parabolic reflector 15, the light source 16 being horizontal and placed substantially at the focal point of the parabola.
- a scrolling grid provided with vertical blades 17 can be placed in front of the projector, to avoid unwanted rays, in particular towards the second carriageway, and / or possibly equipped with horizontal blades, to very precisely limit the height and the thickness of the reflected and / or direct flux.
- the projector may also have a vertical parabolic axis, the scrolling grid then being able to have horizontal blades.
- Projectors, lamps, supports and power supply are from the models commonly found on the market, only modified to obtain a flux corresponding perfectly to the desired lighting objective.
- the reflector can also have a complex surface.
- Lighting tunnels requires the use of projectors with a very concentrated flow, in order to avoid lighting up the roadway and the tunnel pedestals as much as possible.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9012155 | 1990-10-01 | ||
FR9012155A FR2667383B1 (fr) | 1990-10-01 | 1990-10-01 | Procede et dispositifs d'eclairage public routier a flux lumineux horizontal dirige vers l'arriere des vehicules. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0479693A1 true EP0479693A1 (de) | 1992-04-08 |
EP0479693B1 EP0479693B1 (de) | 1996-06-26 |
Family
ID=9400877
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91430024A Expired - Lifetime EP0479693B1 (de) | 1990-10-01 | 1991-09-30 | Strassenbeleuchtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit horizontalem, auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge gerichtetem Lichtstrom |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0479693B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69120492T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0479693T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2090282T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2667383B1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006092538A1 (fr) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-08 | Thorn Europhane | Procede et dispositif d'eclairage de voies de circulation |
CN101956944A (zh) * | 2010-10-18 | 2011-01-26 | 上海宏源照明电器有限公司 | 路灯及应用其的道路照明系统 |
EP2112428B1 (de) * | 2008-04-21 | 2015-10-28 | Bartenbach Holding GmbH | Tunnelleuchte sowie Tunnelbeleuchtungssystem mit einer Vielzahl solcher Tunnelleuchten |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7264370B2 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2007-09-04 | Clanton Engineering, Inc. | Light emitting diode roadway lighting system |
CN112211129B (zh) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-10-15 | 毕克刚 | 基于无人机、物联网和光电技术的汽车警示系统 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1212461B (de) * | 1964-03-26 | 1966-03-17 | Siemens Ag | Autobahnpfostenleuchte |
US3363092A (en) * | 1965-10-19 | 1968-01-09 | Mc Graw Edison Co | Luminaire assembly for a divided highway |
DE2627005A1 (de) * | 1976-06-16 | 1977-12-29 | Wilhelm Buchholz | Leit- und/oder warnvorrichtung an strassenraendern |
-
1990
- 1990-10-01 FR FR9012155A patent/FR2667383B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-09-30 ES ES91430024T patent/ES2090282T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-30 DK DK91430024.9T patent/DK0479693T3/da active
- 1991-09-30 EP EP91430024A patent/EP0479693B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-30 DE DE69120492T patent/DE69120492T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1212461B (de) * | 1964-03-26 | 1966-03-17 | Siemens Ag | Autobahnpfostenleuchte |
US3363092A (en) * | 1965-10-19 | 1968-01-09 | Mc Graw Edison Co | Luminaire assembly for a divided highway |
DE2627005A1 (de) * | 1976-06-16 | 1977-12-29 | Wilhelm Buchholz | Leit- und/oder warnvorrichtung an strassenraendern |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006092538A1 (fr) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-08 | Thorn Europhane | Procede et dispositif d'eclairage de voies de circulation |
FR2882807A1 (fr) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-08 | Thorn Europhane Sa | Procede et dispositif d'eclairage de voies de circulation |
EP2112428B1 (de) * | 2008-04-21 | 2015-10-28 | Bartenbach Holding GmbH | Tunnelleuchte sowie Tunnelbeleuchtungssystem mit einer Vielzahl solcher Tunnelleuchten |
CN101956944A (zh) * | 2010-10-18 | 2011-01-26 | 上海宏源照明电器有限公司 | 路灯及应用其的道路照明系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2667383B1 (fr) | 1995-07-21 |
ES2090282T3 (es) | 1996-10-16 |
DE69120492D1 (de) | 1996-08-01 |
DK0479693T3 (da) | 1996-10-14 |
FR2667383A1 (fr) | 1992-04-03 |
DE69120492T2 (de) | 1997-02-06 |
EP0479693B1 (de) | 1996-06-26 |
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