EP0479693B1 - Strassenbeleuchtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit horizontalem, auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge gerichtetem Lichtstrom - Google Patents

Strassenbeleuchtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit horizontalem, auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge gerichtetem Lichtstrom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479693B1
EP0479693B1 EP91430024A EP91430024A EP0479693B1 EP 0479693 B1 EP0479693 B1 EP 0479693B1 EP 91430024 A EP91430024 A EP 91430024A EP 91430024 A EP91430024 A EP 91430024A EP 0479693 B1 EP0479693 B1 EP 0479693B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flux
vehicles
public lighting
light flux
roadway
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91430024A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0479693A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Pomero
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F21S8/085—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light
    • F21S8/086—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light with lighting device attached sideways of the standard, e.g. for roads and highways
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/604—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings
    • E01F9/619—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs specially adapted for particular signalling purposes, e.g. for indicating curves, road works or pedestrian crossings with reflectors; with means for keeping reflectors clean

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method of public lighting of roads and motorways, and devices resulting therefrom intended to ensure in particular better efficiency, better safety and energy savings, with a low installation cost and great ease of maintenance.
  • the BLACKWELL curve shows that the contrast must then increase by approximately 70% for equivalent visibility.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide the means of lighting the roads according to a process offering a much greater contrast than the traditional means, without generally using candelabras and with lower energy consumption.
  • the means according to the invention comprise the laying, in central reservation of roads with separate roads or on the edge of two-way roads, lanterns or projectors containing a light source, regularly spaced.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method according to which the flux coming from the lamps (light sources) of the lanterns or projectors is directed by means of a reflector, towards the rear of the vehicles and along a substantially horizontal axis more or less 5 ° angle and whose total opening (A) in a vertical plane is 10 ° maximum for more than 95% of the flux, so that the rear of the vehicles is well lit, while the pavement is dark, thus providing a luminance and a positive contrast of high values thus allowing motorists following this vehicle to distinguish it perfectly.
  • a device comprises a plurality of projectors regularly spaced along the roads, these projectors producing by reflection a narrow luminous flux (in a vertical plane) whose axis is substantially horizontal.
  • the part of the light flux emitted by the source of the headlamp and reflected by the reflector in a single reflection is directed substantially horizontally at more or less five degrees of angle and towards the rear of the moving vehicles, and the The total opening (A) of this flow in a vertical plane is ten degrees maximum, for more than 95 percent of the flow.
  • the projectors are placed on supports at a low height, less than two meters from the ground, preferably less than 1.50 m, more particularly less than 1.20 m, these protectors are supplied with energy electric by transport cables or by photovoltaic cells in special cases.
  • the reflector of the headlamp returns in a single reflection the part of the light energy which illuminates it, substantially horizontally towards the rear of the vehicles, for example by means of a reflector of parabolic cylindrical shape whose axial plane which passes through the line of the focal point is horizontal, the light source being placed substantially at the focal point of the parabola, and on the other hand thanks to absorbers (or mirrors) placed at the ends of this cylindro-parabolic reflector to absorb (or return) the part of the light rays which move towards the front of vehicles or towards vehicles traveling in the opposite direction; absorbent planes can also be used to limit certain parts of the undesirable flux, in particular direct radiation which can dazzle the conductors, for example by mirrors.
  • the reflector can also have a polyellipsoidal surface (also called a complex surface): its shape is defined by computer, point by point (around 50,000), so that each part of the emitted beam is directed towards a precisely fixed area (this type of reflector is used in car headlights).
  • a polyellipsoidal surface also called a complex surface: its shape is defined by computer, point by point (around 50,000), so that each part of the emitted beam is directed towards a precisely fixed area (this type of reflector is used in car headlights).
  • the substantially horizontal luminous flux directed towards the rear of the vehicles is highly concentrated in narrow fluxes which can then be guided to specific points at the rear of the vehicles (which can advantageously be provided with retro-reflectors), or towards signposts or substantially vertical retro-reflective devices which then allow very good guidance for motorists, or else in unidirectional tunnels.
  • a particular embodiment consists in the use of light sources with flux developing essentially in the ultraviolet, that is to say of which the wavelength of the radiation is less than 0.40 micron, with an objective of no glare from motorists coming in the opposite direction and / or in regions where fog and snow prevail frequently.
  • the method according to the invention results in new road public lighting devices.
  • the devices according to the invention have the following advantages: they offer high contrasts and strong luminances with lower energy consumption: it is more efficient to light a vehicle which will come off on a dark road than the opposite, and it is thus possible to illuminate traffic signs or retroreflective surfaces, which are in a vertical plane to be seen from the conductors.
  • the production of the public lighting system and its maintenance will be very economical, given the very low height of the supports; good "guidance” of the vehicles is obtained using retro-reflective devices provided on the sides of the road.
  • a coefficient of uniformity greater than 0.3 relating to the illumination of the rear of vehicles can be obtained without difficulty, that is to say that the ratio of the minimum received luminance to the maximum received luminance on a plate vertical moving, 0.50 m high, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the highway, for example on the rightmost traffic lane, remaining substantially perpendicular to this axis, is greater than 0.3.
  • Figure 1 shows a portion of highway seen from above, the light devices being located on the central reservation.
  • FIG. 2 represents an example of a device comprising two projectors, seen in perspective.
  • FIG. 1 represents a portion of about fifty meters of motorway or road comprising two separate carriageways each comprising two lanes which are marked 4, 5, 6, 7, seen from above.
  • each assembly comprises a mat or support 130 on which are fixed two projectors 1 1 , 1 3 , respectively 1 2 and 1 4 ; one of the searchlights (1 3 respectively 1 4 ) illuminates towards one of the carriageways, the other (1 1 respectively 1 2 ), which turns its back on the first, illuminates towards the other carriageway.
  • the light flux is slightly offset from the longitudinal axis XX 1 of the highway, since the axis of the road is itself offset from 1 to 10 meters from the latter. This also has the advantage of reducing the possible glare of the driver by the mirrors.
  • the light fluxes F 1 and F 2 (partially hatched) between successive headlights overlap in an area 8, so as to ensure good uniformity of illumination of the rear panel of vehicles in circulation.
  • the maximum of the luminous flux being substantially in the axis YY 1 of the projector, this flux is weaker at the edges; it can therefore be seen that the rear of the automobile 3 entering the light field of the headlamp 1 3 will be reinforced by part of the light flux from the previous headlamp, which ensures uniformity greater than 0.3 for this rear panel for vehicles traveling to the right.
  • the drawing shows substantially an intersection of the luminous flux with the ground, to show the direction of the fluxes: however, the radiation being almost horizontal, only a very small part of the flux, (around 1% approximately) reaches the pathways. circulation.
  • the luminous flux F 1 coming from the spotlight may have a substantially horizontal axis ZZ to the nearest five degrees, preferably to three degrees, more particularly to two degrees, and a total opening A of beams in a plane vertical passing through this axis a maximum of 10 degrees, preferably no more than six degrees, more particularly four degrees, so as to ensure a good concentration of at least 95% of the flux (measured in lux) on the board rear of vehicles.
  • the opening B in a horizontal plane can be of the order of 30 degrees.
  • the luminous flux will have to be turned towards the rear of the vehicles, which implies that all the light rays coming from the headlamp 1 3 will have to be directed in the direction F of circulation towards the half-space limited by a passing vertical plane by the luminous focus and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the highway; preferably, the axis of the flux will make an angle C of less than forty five degrees with an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis XX 1 , more particularly an angle C of between 0 and 20 °.
  • the process which is the subject of the invention therefore ensures a relatively uniform light flux towards the rear panel of vehicles in circulation, the roadway being very dimly lit since the almost horizontal light flux also extends over a very large area of land: this flux is sufficient, however, to enhance an object on the ground, much more effectively than with traditional vertical lighting, since the grazing light leads to considerable drop shadows.
  • retroreflective road signs can be noticed at a great distance by the driver, in particular for gantries, out of the range of motorists' codes, which can be lit by a specific projector.
  • This marking and enhancement of the signaling enabled by the invention is an element at least as important as lighting the rear panel of vehicles, in assessing its effectiveness. It can also be noted that traditional public lighting is designed without being able to prevent part of the light flux from being seen by the driver and illuminating the windshield, which is likely to cause visual disturbance. Public lighting from the rear eliminates this drawback, subject to taking into account in the installation of the rear view mirrors which must return a minimum of flux to the driver.
  • Figure 2 shows in perspective a support 130 of projectors, which is advantageously of a height less than 1.50 m; this support is surmounted by a plate 14 carrying two projectors: these are placed back to back to illuminate each a different road.
  • the total height H (from the ground) of the device can be from 1.00 to 1.40 m approximately, if we want the luminous flux to pass over the possible slides, the top of which is 80 cm from the ground about.
  • These projectors are provided for example with a cylindro-parabolic reflector 15, the light source 16 being horizontal and placed substantially at the focal point of the parabola.
  • a scrolling grid provided with vertical blades 17 can be placed at the front of the projector, to avoid unwanted rays, in particular towards the second carriageway, and / or possibly equipped with horizontal blades, to very precisely limit the height and the thickness of the reflected and / or direct flux.
  • the projector can also have a vertical parabolic axis, the scrolling grid then being able to have horizontal blades.
  • the projectors, the lamps, the supports and the mode of supply come from the models which are commonly found in the trade, only modified to obtain a flux corresponding perfectly to the desired objective of illumination.
  • the reflector can also have a complex surface.
  • Lighting tunnels requires the use of projectors with a very concentrated flow, in order to avoid illuminating the roadway and the pedestals of the tunnel as much as possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Straßenbeleuchtung durch einen bis auf einen Winkel von ± 5° im wesentlichen horizontalen Lichtfluß, bei dem der Lichtfluß (F1, F2) auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge (3) gerichtet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gesamtöffnungswinkel (A) dieses Flusses in einer vertikalen Ebene für mehr als 95 % des Flusses maximal 10° beträgt, wodurch ein positiver Kontrast erhalten werden kann, indem durch den Lichtfluß die sich bewegenden Fahrzeuge beleuchtet werden und eine Beleuchtung der Fahrbahn im wesentlichen vermieden wird.
  2. Verfahren zur Straßenbeleuchtung nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Winkel (C) zwischen der Achse (yy1) des maximalen Lichtflusses und der Längsachse (xx) der Straße kleiner als 45° ist.
  3. Verfahren zur Straßenbeleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beleuchtung der Fahrzeuge von einer in weniger als 1,50 Meter Höhe angebrachten Lichtquelle ausgeht.
  4. Verfahren zur Straßenbeleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß absorbierende Blenden und/oder Lichtbrechungseinrichtungen und/oder Reflexionseinrichtungen (15) es ermöglichen, eine Beleuchtung der Fahrbahn zu vermeiden.
  5. Verfahren zur Straßenbeleuchtung nach einem der vier vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vertikale retroreflektierende Vorrichtungen (2) beiderseits der Fahrbahn angeordnet und orientiert werden, um die von der Straßenbeleuchtung kommenden Lichtstrahlen zur Fahrbahnachse zurückzuwerfen.
  6. Verfahren zur Straßenbeleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lichtfluß im wesentlichen im Ultravioletten abgegeben wird.
  7. Vorrichtung zur Straßenbeleuchtung mit einer Mehrzahl von regelmäßig beabstandeten Projektoren (11, 12, 13, 14), bei der der Teil des Lichtflusses (F1, F2), der von der Quelle (16) des Projektors abgegeben und von der Reflexionseinrichtung in einer Einfachreflexion reflektiert wird, unter einem Winkel von ± 5° im wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lichtfluß auf die Rückseite der sich bewegenden Fahrzeuge (3) gerichtet ist, und daß der Gesamtöffnungswinkel (A) des Flusses in einer vertikalen Ebene maximal 10° für über 95 % des Flusses beträgt.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, bei der der Winkel (C) zwischen der Achse (yy1) des maximalen Lichtflusses und der Längsachse (xx) der Straße kleiner als 45° ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, bei der die Projektoren am Scheitel oder an der Seite von Einbahntunneln angebracht sind.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, bei der die Reflexionseinrichtung (15) eine polyellipsoidale Oberfläche, auch komplexe Oberfläche genannt, aufweist.
EP91430024A 1990-10-01 1991-09-30 Strassenbeleuchtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit horizontalem, auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge gerichtetem Lichtstrom Expired - Lifetime EP0479693B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9012155 1990-10-01
FR9012155A FR2667383B1 (fr) 1990-10-01 1990-10-01 Procede et dispositifs d'eclairage public routier a flux lumineux horizontal dirige vers l'arriere des vehicules.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0479693A1 EP0479693A1 (de) 1992-04-08
EP0479693B1 true EP0479693B1 (de) 1996-06-26

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EP91430024A Expired - Lifetime EP0479693B1 (de) 1990-10-01 1991-09-30 Strassenbeleuchtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung mit horizontalem, auf die Rückseite der Fahrzeuge gerichtetem Lichtstrom

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EP (1) EP0479693B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69120492T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0479693T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2090282T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2667383B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7264370B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2007-09-04 Clanton Engineering, Inc. Light emitting diode roadway lighting system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2882807B1 (fr) 2005-03-04 2007-11-02 Thorn Europhane Sa Procede et dispositif d'eclairage de voies de circulation
DE102008019944A1 (de) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-29 Christian Bartenbach Tunnelleuchte sowie Tunnelbeleuchtungssystem mit einer Vielzahl solcher Tunnelleuchten
CN101956944A (zh) * 2010-10-18 2011-01-26 上海宏源照明电器有限公司 路灯及应用其的道路照明系统
CN112211129B (zh) * 2020-10-12 2021-10-15 毕克刚 基于无人机、物联网和光电技术的汽车警示系统

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1212461B (de) * 1964-03-26 1966-03-17 Siemens Ag Autobahnpfostenleuchte
US3363092A (en) * 1965-10-19 1968-01-09 Mc Graw Edison Co Luminaire assembly for a divided highway
DE2627005A1 (de) * 1976-06-16 1977-12-29 Wilhelm Buchholz Leit- und/oder warnvorrichtung an strassenraendern

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7264370B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2007-09-04 Clanton Engineering, Inc. Light emitting diode roadway lighting system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2090282T3 (es) 1996-10-16
DE69120492T2 (de) 1997-02-06
DK0479693T3 (da) 1996-10-14
DE69120492D1 (de) 1996-08-01
EP0479693A1 (de) 1992-04-08
FR2667383B1 (fr) 1995-07-21
FR2667383A1 (fr) 1992-04-03

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