EP0477069A2 - Elektrisches Anschlussstück für eine beheizte Fahrzeugscheibe - Google Patents
Elektrisches Anschlussstück für eine beheizte Fahrzeugscheibe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0477069A2 EP0477069A2 EP91402429A EP91402429A EP0477069A2 EP 0477069 A2 EP0477069 A2 EP 0477069A2 EP 91402429 A EP91402429 A EP 91402429A EP 91402429 A EP91402429 A EP 91402429A EP 0477069 A2 EP0477069 A2 EP 0477069A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical connection
- connection element
- brazed
- segment
- braid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
- H01R43/0207—Ultrasonic-, H.F.-, cold- or impact welding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
- H01R4/029—Welded connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical connection element to be brazed onto a conductive layer disposed on a glazing, in particular an electrically heated automotive glazing, consisting of a flexible metal braid segment, of a plug mounted on one of the ends of the braid and a brazing connection piece mounted on its other end.
- connection elements provided with a connection piece to be brazed and a plug-in tab are used in great number in heated rear windows for automobiles, in which the heating resistors are applied by screen printing on the surface of the glazing, in the form of a baking paste suitable for printing, then are baked at the bending or tempering temperature of the glazing.
- the heating conductors When printing the heating conductors, the bus lines are printed at the same time and the electrical connection elements are soldered on these bus lines after cooking.
- connection piece of the specified type comprising a flexible metal braid segment
- connection piece to be brazed is formed by two heels of braid which are bent from the metal braid segment like the arms of a T.
- the braid heels are each about 8 mm long and are preliminary filled with solder.
- the object of the invention is to prepare an electrical connection element of the specified type, with a flexible braid segment, in such a way that it can be processed in an automatic brazing machine.
- connection piece to be brazed is a piece of rigid sheet metal connected to the segment of flexible metallic braid.
- connection pieces to be brazed from rigid sheet can be manufactured with high precision, in constant dimensions. Since these are rigid parts of constant shape, the shape of which also does not change when the braid segment is welded to this sheet metal part, the electrical connection elements according to the invention can be positioned and brazed easily on the glazing, using automatic brazing machines. Since, in addition, the connection pieces to be soldered have, in this case, defined planar soldering surfaces, the flow of the soldering tin during the soldering operation is limited to a constant surface, of so that soldering can be carried out without difficulty, even on relatively narrow bus bars.
- the flexible metallic braid segment 1 consists for example of a woven copper ribbon of section transverse rectangular, about 6 mm wide and about 0.8 mm thick. At the end 3 of the metal braid segment 1 is welded a flat plug tab 2 on which, when connected to the electrical network, a connector for corresponding flat plug is slipped.
- the end zone 4 of the metal braid segment 1 is connected to a piece of rigid sheet metal 5, for example by ultrasonic welding.
- the sheet metal part 5 forms the heel to be brazed.
- it may be a flat sheet metal segment, the width and length of which are adapted to the requirements encountered. For example, it may have a width B of approximately 4 mm and a length L of approximately 20 to 25 mm.
- the middle part 6 of the sheet metal part 5 is bent and forms a connecting section in the form of a bridge between the two sections 7 of the heel to be brazed, which are brazed by their underside on the conductive layer provided on glass.
- the bent middle part 6 of the sheet metal part 5 forms, in a known manner, a deformable bridge which reduces the thermal stresses resulting from the different thermal expansion of the glass and of the brazed sheet metal part.
- an insulating sheath 8 made of an adequate plastic material is applied.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE9013380U | 1990-09-21 | ||
DE9013380U DE9013380U1 (de) | 1990-09-21 | 1990-09-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0477069A2 true EP0477069A2 (de) | 1992-03-25 |
EP0477069A3 EP0477069A3 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
EP0477069B1 EP0477069B1 (de) | 1994-07-20 |
Family
ID=6857737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91402429A Expired - Lifetime EP0477069B1 (de) | 1990-09-21 | 1991-09-13 | Elektrisches Anschlussstück für eine beheizte Fahrzeugscheibe |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5738554A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0477069B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE108972T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE9013380U1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0477069T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2059083T3 (de) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0593940A1 (de) * | 1992-10-17 | 1994-04-27 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International S.A. | Autoglasscheibe aus Verbundglas mit in der Zwischenschicht eingebetteten Drähten und einem Anschlusskabel und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE4439645C1 (de) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-04-11 | Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch | Stromanschlußelement für eine heizbare Autoglasscheibe |
DE10030066A1 (de) * | 2000-06-19 | 2001-12-20 | Guardian Automotive Europ S A | Elektrische Anschlußeinheit |
WO2002058194A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-07-25 | Pierre Le Cloirec | Dispositif pour contact electrique pour materiau fibreux et son utilisation pour le chauffage par effet joule |
EP1488972A1 (de) * | 2002-03-11 | 2004-12-22 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Durch eine metallbefestigung verbundener glasartikel und diesen verwendende verbindungskonstruktion |
WO2010057641A1 (de) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lötanschluss |
US10374343B2 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2019-08-06 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Electrical connection element for contacting an electrically conductive structure on a substrate |
US10388426B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2019-08-20 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Pane having an electrical connection element and a flexible connection cable |
US10700408B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2020-06-30 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Pane with electrical connection element and connecting element attached thereto |
Families Citing this family (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4126533A1 (de) * | 1991-08-10 | 1993-02-11 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Verfahren zum kontaktieren von elektrisch heizbaren glasscheiben mit transparenten heizwiderstandsschichten |
DE19906088A1 (de) | 1998-08-01 | 2000-02-03 | Welcker F | Batteriepolanschlußkabel |
US6267630B1 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2001-07-31 | Antaya Technologies Corporation | Circular connector with blade terminal |
US6793120B2 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2004-09-21 | Donnelly Corporation | Apparatus and method for mounting an electrical connector to a glass sheet of a vehicle window |
US6870134B2 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2005-03-22 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) | Heatable vehicle windshield with bus bars including braided and printed portions |
US6544043B1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-04-08 | General Motors Corporation | Electrical connection mechanism for resistive gridded rear drop glass |
GB0302230D0 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2003-03-05 | Pilkington Plc | Vehicular glazing panel |
US7134201B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-11-14 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D, Inc. | Window pane and a method of bonding a connector to the window pane |
US7223939B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-05-29 | Agc Automotive Americas, R & D, Inc. | Electrical connector for a window pane of a vehicle |
DE102004057630B3 (de) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-03-30 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löten von Anschlüssen mit Induktionswärme |
JP2007018981A (ja) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-25 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 窓ガラスへの端子取付け構造 |
DE102005040812A1 (de) * | 2005-08-27 | 2007-03-15 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrischer Anschluss sowie Verfahren zu dessen Verbindung mit der Scheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
GB0605884D0 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2006-05-03 | Pilkington Plc | Electrical connector |
GB0605883D0 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2006-05-03 | Pilkington Plc | Electrical connector |
FR2921520B1 (fr) * | 2007-09-20 | 2014-03-14 | Saint Gobain | Element de connexion electrique et vitrage pourvu d'un tel element |
DE102007059818B3 (de) | 2007-12-11 | 2009-04-09 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fensterscheibe mit einem elektrischen Flachanschlusselement |
DE202008018126U1 (de) | 2007-12-11 | 2011-12-28 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lötanschlusselement |
US7494389B1 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-02-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Press-fit-connection |
DE102008015852A1 (de) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Rehau Ag + Co. | Beheizbare Kunststoffscheibe für Kraftfahrzeuge |
EP2408260A1 (de) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Glasscheibe mit einem elektrischen Anschlusselement |
US20130333929A1 (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2013-12-19 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Terminal Structure for Glass Plate with Conductive Section and Glass Plate Article Utilizing Same |
DK2708093T3 (da) | 2011-05-10 | 2020-02-24 | Saint Gobain | Rude med et elektrisk forbindelseselement |
AU2012252671B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2015-05-14 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Disk having an electric connecting element |
ES2966732T3 (es) | 2011-05-10 | 2024-04-24 | Saint Gobain | Cristal con elemento de conexión eléctrica |
EP2615692B1 (de) * | 2012-01-13 | 2018-04-04 | Tyco Electronics UK Limited | Leitende Verbindungsanordnung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Satz für eine Karosserie |
BR112015001314B1 (pt) | 2012-08-01 | 2021-12-21 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Painel compósito com meios de contato elétrico e método para produzir painel compósito |
US20140057501A1 (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2014-02-27 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electrical-mechanical fastening device for motor vehicles |
WO2014040774A1 (de) | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Scheibe mit einem elektrischen anschlusselement |
HUE034782T2 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2018-02-28 | Saint Gobain | Shield with electrical connector |
MX352466B (es) | 2012-11-21 | 2017-11-27 | Saint Gobian Glass France | Cristal con elemento de conexión eléctrica y puente de conexión. |
US9272371B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2016-03-01 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D, Inc. | Solder joint for an electrical conductor and a window pane including same |
DE202014004267U1 (de) | 2014-05-23 | 2014-07-04 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrisches Anschlusselement zum Befestigen, insbesondere Auflöten auf eine Glasscheibe sowie Bandlitzenmischgeflecht |
USD815042S1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-04-10 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mounting device |
USD857420S1 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2019-08-27 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mounting device |
DE102016125781A1 (de) | 2016-12-28 | 2018-06-28 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrisches Anschlusselement |
US10263362B2 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2019-04-16 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D, Inc. | Fluidically sealed enclosure for window electrical connections |
US10849192B2 (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2020-11-24 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D, Inc. | Enclosure assembly for window electrical connections |
USD883227S1 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2020-05-05 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Connecting terminal |
GB201817357D0 (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-12 | Strip Tinning Ltd | Flexible connector |
DE202018106646U1 (de) | 2018-11-22 | 2018-12-06 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Ein elektrisches Anschlusselement |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2212734A1 (de) * | 1972-12-28 | 1974-07-26 | Saint Gobain | |
FR2269268A1 (de) * | 1974-04-26 | 1975-11-21 | Splintex Belge Sa | |
EP0023121A1 (de) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-01-28 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Elektrische Klemme |
FR2508267A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-19 | 1982-12-24 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Procede pour monter un vitrage dans la baie d'une carrosserie ou pour l'en demonter et vitrage pour la realisation de ce procede |
EP0217703A1 (de) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-04-08 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Elektrisch beheizte Kraftfahrzeugscheibe |
EP0374648A2 (de) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-27 | Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Anschluss eines eletrischen Kabels |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2741753A (en) * | 1953-02-03 | 1956-04-10 | Square D Co | Flexible electrical connector assembly |
FR1527738A (fr) * | 1966-09-13 | 1968-06-07 | Saint Gobain | Raccord électrique pour vitrages chauffants, notamment de véhicules |
US3587030A (en) * | 1969-03-17 | 1971-06-22 | Carborundum Co | Terminal clamp |
DE2122094A1 (de) * | 1971-05-05 | 1972-11-16 | Fricke, Hartmut, 5870 Hemer | Elastisches Kontaktband |
FR2201948B1 (de) * | 1972-10-09 | 1976-03-26 | Saint Gobain | |
US4023008A (en) * | 1972-12-28 | 1977-05-10 | Saint-Gobain Industries | Terminal connection for electric heaters for vehicle windows |
US3980382A (en) * | 1974-06-03 | 1976-09-14 | Raychem Corporation | Matched impedance coaxial cable to printed circuit board terminator |
JPS5434083A (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1979-03-13 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Joint for flexible conductor of twisted aluminium wires |
JPS5951681B2 (ja) * | 1978-04-19 | 1984-12-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 可撓接続体 |
US4658504A (en) * | 1985-08-23 | 1987-04-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method for insulating conductor joints particularly bus bars and insulated bus bar apparatus |
FR2618264B1 (fr) * | 1987-07-15 | 1989-12-01 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Borne d'alimentation electrique pour vitrage encapsule. |
-
1990
- 1990-09-21 DE DE9013380U patent/DE9013380U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-09-13 AT AT91402429T patent/ATE108972T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-13 EP EP91402429A patent/EP0477069B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-13 DE DE69102964T patent/DE69102964T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-13 DK DK91402429.4T patent/DK0477069T3/da active
- 1991-09-13 ES ES91402429T patent/ES2059083T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-10-21 US US08/139,072 patent/US5738554A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2212734A1 (de) * | 1972-12-28 | 1974-07-26 | Saint Gobain | |
FR2269268A1 (de) * | 1974-04-26 | 1975-11-21 | Splintex Belge Sa | |
EP0023121A1 (de) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-01-28 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Elektrische Klemme |
FR2508267A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-19 | 1982-12-24 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Procede pour monter un vitrage dans la baie d'une carrosserie ou pour l'en demonter et vitrage pour la realisation de ce procede |
EP0217703A1 (de) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-04-08 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Elektrisch beheizte Kraftfahrzeugscheibe |
EP0374648A2 (de) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-27 | Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Anschluss eines eletrischen Kabels |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0593940A1 (de) * | 1992-10-17 | 1994-04-27 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International S.A. | Autoglasscheibe aus Verbundglas mit in der Zwischenschicht eingebetteten Drähten und einem Anschlusskabel und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE4439645C1 (de) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-04-11 | Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch | Stromanschlußelement für eine heizbare Autoglasscheibe |
DE10030066A1 (de) * | 2000-06-19 | 2001-12-20 | Guardian Automotive Europ S A | Elektrische Anschlußeinheit |
DE10030066B4 (de) * | 2000-06-19 | 2006-04-13 | Guardian Automotive-Europe S.A. Zone Industrielle Potaschberg | Elektrische Anschlußeinheit |
US6891107B2 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2005-05-10 | Pierre Le Cloirec | Device for electric contact for textile material and use thereof for joule heating |
FR2819942A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-07-26 | Cloirec Pierre Le | Dispositif pour contact electrique pour materiaux fibreux et son uitilisation pour le chauffage par effet joule |
WO2002058194A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-07-25 | Pierre Le Cloirec | Dispositif pour contact electrique pour materiau fibreux et son utilisation pour le chauffage par effet joule |
EP1488972A1 (de) * | 2002-03-11 | 2004-12-22 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Durch eine metallbefestigung verbundener glasartikel und diesen verwendende verbindungskonstruktion |
EP1488972A4 (de) * | 2002-03-11 | 2006-09-27 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Durch eine metallbefestigung verbundener glasartikel und diesen verwendende verbindungskonstruktion |
US7514654B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2009-04-07 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Glass article with metal member joined thereto, and junction structure using the same |
WO2010057641A1 (de) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lötanschluss |
US10374343B2 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2019-08-06 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Electrical connection element for contacting an electrically conductive structure on a substrate |
US10388426B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2019-08-20 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Pane having an electrical connection element and a flexible connection cable |
US10700408B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2020-06-30 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Pane with electrical connection element and connecting element attached thereto |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0477069T3 (da) | 1994-11-14 |
DE69102964T2 (de) | 1995-02-23 |
US5738554A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
DE9013380U1 (de) | 1990-11-29 |
EP0477069A3 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
DE69102964D1 (de) | 1994-08-25 |
ATE108972T1 (de) | 1994-08-15 |
ES2059083T3 (es) | 1994-11-01 |
EP0477069B1 (de) | 1994-07-20 |
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