EP0466748B1 - Heizkessel aus kunststoff mit integrierter abgasreinigung - Google Patents

Heizkessel aus kunststoff mit integrierter abgasreinigung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0466748B1
EP0466748B1 EP90905489A EP90905489A EP0466748B1 EP 0466748 B1 EP0466748 B1 EP 0466748B1 EP 90905489 A EP90905489 A EP 90905489A EP 90905489 A EP90905489 A EP 90905489A EP 0466748 B1 EP0466748 B1 EP 0466748B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
container
heating boiler
boiler according
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90905489A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0466748A1 (de
Inventor
Lothar Herold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HERWI-SOLAR-GMBH FORSCHUNG UND ENTWICKLUNG
Original Assignee
HERWI-SOLAR-GMBH FORSCHUNG und ENTWICKLUNG
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Publication date
Application filed by HERWI-SOLAR-GMBH FORSCHUNG und ENTWICKLUNG filed Critical HERWI-SOLAR-GMBH FORSCHUNG und ENTWICKLUNG
Publication of EP0466748A1 publication Critical patent/EP0466748A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0466748B1 publication Critical patent/EP0466748B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/107—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using fluid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler for liquid, gaseous and / or dusty fuels, in which the heating takes place via one or more built-in burners by direct contact of the combustion exhaust gases with a heat transfer fluid in a container and the heat of condensation of the fuel is used.
  • Such a boiler is mainly used for small and medium-sized domestic heating systems, possibly with hot water heating.
  • an application also makes sense in industrial areas.
  • Boilers for heating purposes usually heat a gaseous or liquid heat transfer medium by burning liquid, solid or gaseous fuels in a combustion chamber which consists of highly heat-resistant materials, such as steel, cast or stone walls, which can withstand the high combustion temperatures.
  • the heat is transferred by contact of the heat transfer medium with the walls of the combustion chamber, which are surrounded by the combustion exhaust gases.
  • the combustion exhaust gases are then discharged at relatively high temperatures and pollutants through a mostly thermally insulated smoke pipe.
  • the combustion fumes came into the atmosphere without purification and distributed mainly sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and soot.
  • Newer boilers now also use the heat of condensation to increase the efficiency by additional heat exchangers cooling the exhaust gases below the dew point or by the exhaust gases in direct contact with the heat transfer fluid to be brought.
  • the neutralization of the resulting condensation products is carried out very costly and therefore leads to high production costs or is not provided at all.
  • the condensation of the combustion exhaust gases produces large amounts of harmful, acidic condensate, it is not possible to operate such a boiler without neutralizing or disposing of the condensate for reasons of environmental protection.
  • a boiler with downstream condensation is known from FR-A-2 547 648.
  • the combustion exhaust gases are passed through a water curtain formed between an upper and lower tank.
  • the water curtain is part of a water circuit that is guided over the two tanks and forced by a pump.
  • the combustion chamber is located in the upper container, and the combustion exhaust gases generated therein are led via pipes to the outside of the upper container, where they then pass through the water curtain.
  • the emission of pollutants and heat caused by the thin water curtain are inadequate, since the residence time of the combustion gases in the water curtain is very short.
  • no neutralization of the pollutants is provided.
  • polyester is considered for the production of the two containers, the overall construction is extremely problematic since the hot tubes of the combustion chamber have to be led through the wall of the container.
  • the aim of the invention is therefore to provide a boiler which can be operated in an environmentally friendly manner, has a high degree of efficiency and is simple and inexpensive to manufacture
  • the object of the invention is to realize a boiler which largely reduces, neutralizes and absorbs the pollutant content of the combustion exhaust gases by utilizing the heat of condensation and which furthermore allows inexpensive production and is easy to assemble has a low weight and is long-lasting by eliminating the risk of corrosion.
  • a boiler of the type described at the outset is characterized in that the container for the heat transfer fluid made of plastic and the wall of the combustion chamber consist of a material which is resistant to the temperatures occurring and the acid formation in the heat transfer fluid, that in the heat transfer fluid for distribution of the below the Combustion exhaust gases leaving the combustion chamber, a device is provided and the heat transfer fluid is added with a means for neutralizing the pollutants extracted from the combustion exhaust gases.
  • the combustion chamber which is open at the bottom, is installed in the plastic container of the absorption and heat transfer fluid in such a way that it is completely surrounded by this liquid during operation, while it is flooded with the heat transfer fluid in the idle state of the boiler.
  • the combustion gases passed through the heat transfer fluid during the operation of the boiler are distributed into small bubbles and give off almost all of their heat and pollutants when they climb. These pollutants are collected in the corrosion-resistant plastic container of the heat transfer fluid and chemically neutralized, after which they can be disposed of in a controlled manner without harming the environment.
  • a spread of the environmentally friendly boiler according to the invention is facilitated by the low manufacturing costs and the high value retention due to the use of plastic materials as well as by simple installation and maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned schematic diagram of the exemplary embodiment according to the invention during heating operation
  • FIG. 2 shows a representation similar to FIG. 1, but during the break and with alternative and / or additional measures.
  • the container 1 in connection with the heat transfer fluid 22 can be made of plastic, which can reach temperatures of 90 to 100 ° C must be dimensionally and heat resistant.
  • Plastic is easy to process, is cheaper than conventional boiler construction materials and has numerous other advantageous properties.
  • Cross-linked polyethylene is preferably used. The production of plastic components with any shape is known to the person skilled in the art and does not present any difficulties using conventional manufacturing techniques.
  • the heat insulation 3 of the container 1 can be formed on the inside of the outer jacket 2 using modern, known manufacturing processes. This is preferably done in such a way that the thermal insulation 3 is foamed internally to any thickness, so that the finished colored and structured outer jacket 2 in the same step with the insulation 3 can be trained. Additional degreasing, priming, insulation and painting or the use of cladding materials can thus be omitted.
  • the thermal insulation is usually attached separately to the outside of a steel or cast iron container.
  • plastics offer a high level of resistance to chemically aggressive liquids, which arise when the temperature falls below the dew point or when the condensation heat is used in a targeted manner.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is located in the upper inner region of the container 1. It is preferably mounted perpendicular to the burner 14 on the top of the container 1 in such a way that the burner 14 is accessible from the outside.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is open at the bottom, so that it is largely filled by the heat transfer fluid 22 in the idle or ready state, but without the burner 14 and its ignition device being wetted.
  • the construction shown ensures that the combustion air supplied by the blower of the burner 14 can only escape downwards from the combustion chamber 4, that is to say through the heat transfer fluid 22.
  • the burner 14 can be a conventional burner type known per se, but preferably with a stronger exhaust. A person skilled in the art can easily carry out this modification.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is emptied before the burner 14 is started up. This is done by blowing air in through the burner fan or by creating a vacuum above the liquid 22 outside the combustion chamber 4 or a combination of both techniques. In all cases, a pressure difference forms, which presses the heat transfer fluid 22 out of the combustion chamber 4, so that the air supplied through the burner 14 can escape below the combustion chamber 4 and bubble upwards.
  • the heat transfer fluid 22 previously contained therein has risen in the container 1 and now preferably covers the entire outer part of the combustion chamber 4, as can be seen from the comparative illustration between FIG. 1 and 2 emerges.
  • the flame 5 burns with the supply of fuel and the combustion air supplied now in the interior of the emptied combustion chamber 4.
  • the resulting combustion exhaust gases 20 escape down through the open part of the combustion chamber 4 and bead up on the surface of the heat transfer fluid 22.
  • the combustion chamber wall 24 is made of a material that is resistant to the temperatures occurring inside and the acid formation in the heat transfer fluid 22, such as e.g. Metal, ceramics, glass or plastics. Since the liquid 22 which has risen on the wall 24 brings about constant cooling of the entire combustion chamber 4, a material which can only tolerate low temperatures can also be used with a larger combustion chamber cross section without direct contact with the flame.
  • the construction of the combustion chamber 4 is designed by suitable design measures so that the plastic material of the container 1 is not stressed beyond its maximum temperature resistance. In any case, the combustion chamber 4 can be kept small, so that e.g. even when using stainless steel there are no high costs.
  • the combustion exhaust gases 20 emerging below the combustion chamber 4 during burner operation are produced by distributed a device that leads to the smallest possible gas bubbles 20.
  • this is a fine-meshed grid or sieve 21 through which the exhaust gases are pressed.
  • this grating or sieve 21 can be excited to mechanical vibrations, as a result of which the fine gas bubbles 20 are strongly swirled.
  • the now slowly swirling bubbles 20 form a turbulent foaming bath in which the heat exchangers 6, 7 for heating and hot water circuits are located.
  • These heat exchangers 6, 7 are designed as tube, finned tube, plate or other heat exchangers. Such constructions are known to the person skilled in the art. Stainless steel, copper or other corrosion-resistant materials are used as materials. However, according to the invention, the heat exchangers 6, 7 are preferably made of plastic. Due to the turbulent movement in the heat transfer fluid 22, the heat transfer is significantly better than in standing or only moderately agitated liquids. Plastic offers the advantage of freedom from corrosion, the free design of the shape and the inexpensive production.
  • the heat exchanger 7 can be designed in such a way that the exhaust gas bubbles 20 get intimate contact with the exchanger walls and thus a high exchanger performance is achieved.
  • a preferred option is the design as a double-jacket heat exchanger 6 in the container 1. This is preferably used to heat domestic water.
  • filling bodies 26 can be introduced into the container 1, which obstruct the movement of the gas bubbles 20 and thus cause a longer residence time in the liquid 22 and at the same time enlarge the reaction surface. As a result, the heat emission and, as described below, the emission of pollutants is improved.
  • the exhaust gas bubbles 20 release not only their heat when they bubble up, but also their pollutants to the heat transfer fluid 22. This happens through chemical reactions.
  • chemicals are added to the heat transfer fluid 22, for example calcium carbonate, which combines with the sulfur in the combustion exhaust gases 20 to form calcium sulfate. This achieves neutralization and retention of the sulfur that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere.
  • the neutralization product which is ultimately gypsum, is removed in a thickened form at certain maintenance intervals and, according to current regulations, can be disposed of with household waste without any problems.
  • the necessary chemicals can be added to the liquid 22 in liquid form, or in the form of a granular absorption and neutralizing agent 23, as shown in FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the neutralization chemicals used for example as a pressed or sintered cartridge 16, through an opening to bring in contact with the liquid 22 in the container 1.
  • the consumption of the chemicals can then be detected by optical control or automatically, and a maintenance message can then be issued by a control in the control and display panel 15.
  • Such a monitoring can easily be implemented by a person skilled in the art on the basis of his specialist knowledge.
  • Residue products also include soot, dust and other particles as well as unburned oil components (in the case of oil firing). These are also retained in the heat transfer fluid 22. They can also be removed at longer maintenance intervals, e.g. annually, with disposal.
  • a filter cartridge 17 is preferably installed in the container 1 between the riser pipe 27 and the condensate drain 18. The filter cartridge 17 serves to separate these particles or solids, so that they can be disposed of by changing the cartridge 17. By introducing the excess condensate through the filter cartridge 17, no solid waste can get into the sewage system.
  • the combustion exhaust gases which collect in the container 1 above the heat transfer fluid 22, have been largely cleaned and are now passed either directly or via a heat exchanger 11 through the exhaust pipe 12 into the atmosphere.
  • the container 1 is sealed on all sides, so that the entire exhaust gas is forced into the exhaust pipe 12.
  • the exhaust gas heat exchanger 11 is preferably designed as an air-air cross-flow heat exchanger known per se and emits the residual heat of the exhaust gases 20 to the intake combustion air.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gases in the exhaust pipe 12 is therefore only slightly higher than that of the surroundings. This makes it possible to use, for example, a plastic pipe for the exhaust pipe 12.
  • the heat exchanger 11 in the exhaust gas stream can be designed as an air-water heat exchanger that heats domestic or swimming pool water.
  • the heat exchanger 11 can also be used to heat the return 10 of the heating circuit.
  • the fillers 26 can be conventional fillers made of metal and / or plastic, as are used in chemical processes.
  • the burner cover 13, in which the control and display panel 15 is integrated, can also be made of plastic.
  • the burner 14 is connected to a fuel supply line (not shown).
  • a fuel supply line (not shown).
  • gas and liquid-tight closable openings (not shown) are provided through which the boiler can be serviced and disposed of.
  • Known screw connections can be used to seal the container in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner.
  • a plastic powder is introduced into a hollow mold corresponding to the container 1, which rotates about two axes in a wobbling movement.
  • the mold is heated in an oven to about 250 ° C, whereby the plastic powder melts.
  • the wall thickness of the outer wall 2 of the container 1 formed in this way is determined by the amount of the powder.
  • the internal insulation 3 is foamed. The thickness of the insulation 3 is determined by the amount of plastic powder and the blowing agent.
  • a second smaller container heat exchanger wall of the double jacket heat exchanger 6
  • the inner and outer container can be sealed by fusing or gluing. If a removable lid is required for the container 1, it can be made in one of these steps.
  • PE polyethylene
  • GRP fiber-reinforced plastics
  • foamed sheet goods such as FOREX or K ⁇ MACEC (from Kömmerling) can be used to manufacture the outer jacket and insulation in one step.
  • FOREX or K ⁇ MACEC from Kömmerling
  • the outer jacket and insulation can also be made from this.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
EP90905489A 1989-04-05 1990-04-05 Heizkessel aus kunststoff mit integrierter abgasreinigung Expired - Lifetime EP0466748B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3910994A DE3910994A1 (de) 1989-04-05 1989-04-05 Heizkessel aus kunststoff mit integrierter abgasreinigung
DE3910994 1989-04-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0466748A1 EP0466748A1 (de) 1992-01-22
EP0466748B1 true EP0466748B1 (de) 1993-07-07

Family

ID=6377907

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90905489A Expired - Lifetime EP0466748B1 (de) 1989-04-05 1990-04-05 Heizkessel aus kunststoff mit integrierter abgasreinigung

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5271378A (es)
EP (1) EP0466748B1 (es)
JP (1) JPH04504301A (es)
AT (1) ATE91340T1 (es)
CA (1) CA2051409C (es)
DD (1) DD294081A5 (es)
DE (2) DE3910994A1 (es)
DK (1) DK0466748T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2043367T3 (es)
NO (1) NO176535C (es)
WO (1) WO1990012259A1 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19819411C2 (de) * 1998-04-30 2002-10-02 Ha Ski Haustechnik Und Innovat Brennwertheizkessel

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5924287A (en) * 1991-05-29 1999-07-20 Best; Frederick George Domestic energy supply system
US5570681A (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-11-05 Kravets; Aleksandr Residential boiler/furnace with the intermediate water circuit
DE19509461C1 (de) * 1995-03-20 1996-05-15 Inst Wirtschaftliche Oelheizun Heizkessel für flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe
DE19744478C1 (de) 1997-10-09 1999-06-17 Giwatec Ges Zur Entwicklung In Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen einer Flüssigkeit
EP0942240A1 (de) 1998-03-13 1999-09-15 Joachim Ferretti Heizkessel für flüssige, gasförmige und/oder staubförmige Brennstoffe
KR100502575B1 (ko) * 2001-02-13 2005-07-20 신창근 열교환식 보일러
US6672255B1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-01-06 Carlos Zayas Flue gas energy transfer system
US7316229B2 (en) * 2004-02-02 2008-01-08 Jaye W David Pickle tank heating system and method for liquid heating
JP4697535B2 (ja) * 2005-06-20 2011-06-08 株式会社ノーリツ 排気部材、並びに、熱源装置
US7832365B2 (en) * 2005-09-07 2010-11-16 Fives North American Combustion, Inc. Submerged combustion vaporizer with low NOx
KR101165351B1 (ko) * 2012-04-19 2012-07-18 (주)강원엔.티.에스 해수 가열장치
US20140197180A1 (en) * 2013-01-16 2014-07-17 Jean LaPoint Heated mug

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2233675A (en) * 1936-11-02 1941-03-04 Firm Silesia Ver Chemischer Fa Device for heating liquids
SU623057A2 (ru) * 1973-02-19 1978-09-05 Предприятие П/Я А-1297 Газова горелка дл аппаратов погружного горени
JPS5210943A (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-01-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Hot water boiler
JPS54158742A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-12-14 Takasago Thermal Eng Co Lts Warm water manufacturing method
FR2547648B1 (fr) * 1983-06-14 1985-10-18 Deleage Pierre Chaudiere a condensation
DE3570913D1 (en) * 1984-02-08 1989-07-13 Pulmatec Holding Inc Process and apparatus for heating a liquid in a non-polluting way
GB8428166D0 (en) * 1984-11-07 1984-12-12 British Gas Corp Gas-fired water heaters
FR2592137B1 (fr) * 1985-12-23 1988-10-28 Gaz De France Procede d'enrichissement en vapeur d'eau de l'air de combustion fourni a un generateur de chaleur et chaudiere comportant application de ce procede.
US4768495A (en) * 1986-07-22 1988-09-06 Packless Metal Hose, Inc. Heating apparatus and method
US4974551A (en) * 1989-02-16 1990-12-04 Nelson Thomas E Water heater and method of fabricating same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19819411C2 (de) * 1998-04-30 2002-10-02 Ha Ski Haustechnik Und Innovat Brennwertheizkessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD294081A5 (de) 1991-09-19
CA2051409C (en) 1999-08-24
NO176535C (no) 1995-04-19
EP0466748A1 (de) 1992-01-22
NO913912D0 (no) 1991-10-04
JPH04504301A (ja) 1992-07-30
WO1990012259A1 (de) 1990-10-18
DE3910994A1 (de) 1990-10-11
CA2051409A1 (en) 1990-10-06
NO176535B (no) 1995-01-09
US5271378A (en) 1993-12-21
DE59001924D1 (de) 1993-08-12
ATE91340T1 (de) 1993-07-15
NO913912L (no) 1991-10-04
DK0466748T3 (da) 1994-01-03
ES2043367T3 (es) 1993-12-16

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