EP0462047B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von Oberflächenschichten auf Werkstücken, Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens sowie Werkstück mit nach dem Verfahren hergestellter Oberflächenschicht - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Oberflächenschichten auf Werkstücken, Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens sowie Werkstück mit nach dem Verfahren hergestellter Oberflächenschicht Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0462047B1
EP0462047B1 EP91810343A EP91810343A EP0462047B1 EP 0462047 B1 EP0462047 B1 EP 0462047B1 EP 91810343 A EP91810343 A EP 91810343A EP 91810343 A EP91810343 A EP 91810343A EP 0462047 B1 EP0462047 B1 EP 0462047B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
surface layer
accordance
temperature
laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91810343A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0462047A1 (de
Inventor
Roger Guilloud
Roger Dr. Dekumbis
Denis Gonseth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amysa Yverdon SA
Oerlikon Metco AG
Original Assignee
Amysa Yverdon SA
Sulzer Metco AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amysa Yverdon SA, Sulzer Metco AG filed Critical Amysa Yverdon SA
Publication of EP0462047A1 publication Critical patent/EP0462047A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0462047B1 publication Critical patent/EP0462047B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing surface layers on workpieces, to a device for performing the method, and to a workpiece with a surface layer produced by the method.
  • EP-A-0.190.378 describes a method for surface alloying a base metal with a high-energy beam, such as a laser or electron beam.
  • the base metal is preferably preheated, for example by inductive heating.
  • the surface of the base metal is melted locally.
  • defects are prevented by using a deoxidant and an alloy metal with a melting point lower than that of the base.
  • the melted surface layer of the base metal is alloyed with the alloy metal.
  • the alloy is formed from the base material, ie the material of the workpiece and the alloy metal.
  • FR 2.263.381 describes the application of alloyed layers to metallic substrates using laser beams.
  • Metallic powder made of alloyed layer material is first applied to the part of the substrate to be coated and then melted into a layer at the operating point of the laser. An additional heating device is not provided for in the device.
  • Surface layers are, however, also created by applying actual surface layers, such as by melting or by galvanic surface treatment.
  • coated workpieces e.g. thermal alternating loads
  • the invention provides a method for applying layers of better quality materials on surfaces of workpieces, and an apparatus for performing this method.
  • the method and the device are characterized by the characteristics of claim 1 and claim 7, respectively.
  • the dependent claims relate to particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • the inductive high-frequency / medium-frequency generator it is possible to heat the workpiece on which the surface layer is to be applied to a well-defined temperature and - which is important for the quality of the surface layer - this temperature even during the production of the surface layer maintain.
  • the inductive preheating temperature can easily be maintained to within ⁇ 10 ° C.
  • the improved quality can be attributed, among other things, to the fact that the temperature difference between the workpiece and the melting area, i.e. the area where the surface layer is continuously generated with the laser beam, can be selected firstly, secondly kept relatively low and thirdly also maintained well during the production of the surface layer can be.
  • the quality of the surface layer in particular its thickness, surface structure, crystalline structure, ductility, hardness, etc., becomes more uniform and the surface layer is therefore generally better.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to produce thinner surface layers.
  • Surface layers according to the invention are produced by melting a layer made of a material which is different from that of the workpiece, the surface layer and workpiece only connecting in a thin melting region.
  • the cooling process during the production of the surface layers has an influence on their properties.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of the layer material can be chosen to be smaller than that of the material of the workpiece. Due to the possible, precise temperature selection during the coating process, the temperature of the workpiece during the coating can be higher than that provided for the workpiece Operating temperature can be selected in such a way that at operating temperature the surface layer experiences a defined compressive force during operation, which is exerted and transferred from the workpiece to the surface layer. Such compressive residual stresses in the surface layer counteract the formation of cracks, material fatigue and also the corrosion of the part and in particular the surface layer. The service life and quality of the part and in particular the surface layer are thus improved. This is the case, for example, with a stellite 6 layer on a workpiece made of stainless steel X2 CrNiMo 18 12 (chrome-nickel-molybdenum).
  • inductive heating permits a wide variety of temperature profiles over the entire workpiece, which enables the distortion and deformation of the workpiece to be reduced and also allows the hardness curve to be kept more uniform over the surface layer. Furthermore, the tempering, ie the softening of hardened workpiece or surface parts can be prevented or influenced by the choice of the inductive heat profile, possibly in connection with cooling.
  • the laser device is then used to melt the surface layer at a temperature of 1800 ° C. on the surface, which can be heated inductively, for example, to a temperature of 800 ° C.
  • the HF / MF generator which is preferably in the frequency range from 0.5 kHz to 1 MHz in the power range from 5 to several 10 kW of power, has a depth or volume effect as the heating, while the superimposed heating with the laser system primarily has a selective surface effect, namely in the area of the preheated surface, where the actual surface layer is exposed to a further increase in temperature Melting of foreign material or only the top layers of the workpiece to be coated is generated.
  • the layer material in powder form and with protective gas as the conveying medium can be blown into the region of the laser beam that occurs on the surface of the workpiece. There the powder is melted and melted with the thinnest and smallest melted part of the workpiece surface.
  • thin surface layers in the thickness range of 0.2 - 0.4 mm can be produced.
  • individual areas of the workpiece and / or the surface layer can be provided with a cooling device, e.g. works with air, oil, water or another coolant.
  • a cooling device e.g. works with air, oil, water or another coolant.
  • air, oil, water or another coolant With cooling, it is also possible to keep the quality of the surface layer of a workpiece improved and constant.
  • the condition of a surface depends on cooling processes, which can be better and more precisely maintained with a cooling device.
  • the cooling device can both prevent overheating and improve the time course of the cooling process, i.e. adhere more closely.
  • the method makes it possible to place the working area of the laser directly in the center of the HF-heated area or in the vicinity of the center. Furthermore allowed the inductive heating to generate a largely identical temperature, ie a homogeneous temperature field, over relatively large areas of the workpiece, which contributes to the residual stresses occurring during thermal processing remaining extremely low. This in turn means that deformations of the treated workpiece, the so-called warping, are small or practically completely absent.
  • the workpiece to be provided with the surface layer or parts thereof is heated to a first temperature with an inductive HF / MF generator heater. Areas of the surface to be treated are further heated with the laser device and the surface layer is produced on the workpiece.
  • the device comprises the laser device and the HF / MF heating, which allow the workpiece to be influenced simultaneously with both.
  • the workpieces with surface layers produced by the method have an increased, i.e. improved, quality, since the method allows and enables a significantly improved compliance with the temporal temperature profile and also the temperature distribution in the workpiece.
  • HF high frequency
  • MF medium frequency
  • the workpiece 10 can be, for example, a valve of an internal combustion engine.
  • the edge regions 10 ′′ of the valve head 10 ′, which form the annular sealing region in the valve seat, are to be provided with a surface layer 101.
  • the laser beam 30 is focused with deflection mirrors 31 and focusing optics 32 on the working point 30 'of the edge region 10 "of the valve head 10' to be coated.
  • a surface layer 101 is made by applying a layer of another material e.g. Stellite 6 generated; e.g. the stellite 6 in powder form can be blown to the operating point 30 'with the aid of a powder conveyor 4 with a powder nozzle 41 which generates the powder jet 40.
  • the powder can be conveyed with argon, which also acts as a protective gas.
  • the workpiece 10 can be rotated with a rotating device 100. It would also be possible to move the working point 30 ′ of the laser beam 30 together with the powder beam 40 on the surface of the workpiece 10. It would also be conceivable to move all four, workpiece 10, laser 30 'and powder jet 40, as well as coil 20, or individual ones or more of them. This could be advantageous, for example, if complicated surface layer patterns are to be produced on workpieces with complicated contours.
  • the quality of the surface layer is influenced by maintaining precise temperature limits of the workpiece 10 and surface layer 101 in the region of the working point 30 ′ of the laser beam 30.
  • the cooling process for the texture and Properties of the surface layer and the coated workpiece can be decisive.
  • the device can have a control and regulating device 5, with which the HF / MF heating power and also the power of the laser device can be controlled and regulated.
  • the two temperature sensors 51 and 52 are provided as control variables, which determine the temperature of the surface layer 101 in the region of the working point 30 'of the laser 30 or the surface temperature of the valve head 10'.
  • the control and regulating device 5 can set the output of the HF / MF and / or laser heating source to setpoints, which are predefined, for example, at the temperature setpoints 53.
  • a cooling device 6 can be provided, for example, which cools the valve head with a jet of cooling fluid 60 from, for example, air, a protective gas or a liquid such as water, etc. .
  • the temperatures could also be regulated, that is to say influenced, that the rotational speed of the rotating device 100 for the workpiece 10 and / or the cooling fluid jet 60 is changed or switched on and off.
  • the control and regulating device 5 can be programmable within wide limits in order to create different surface coating conditions depending on the surface layer to be produced.
  • the device can also be constructed such that the induction coil, the temperature sensors, for example radiation pyrometers, the laser device move with the laser beam relative to the workpiece and / or against one another, which in turn is also moved.
  • the possible signal flow of the regulating and control system is indicated by arrows in the schematic figure. All of these relative movements can also be determined by the regulating and control device.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP91810343A 1990-06-13 1991-05-03 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Oberflächenschichten auf Werkstücken, Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens sowie Werkstück mit nach dem Verfahren hergestellter Oberflächenschicht Expired - Lifetime EP0462047B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH199290 1990-06-13
CH1992/90 1990-06-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0462047A1 EP0462047A1 (de) 1991-12-18
EP0462047B1 true EP0462047B1 (de) 1997-11-26

Family

ID=4223380

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91810343A Expired - Lifetime EP0462047B1 (de) 1990-06-13 1991-05-03 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Oberflächenschichten auf Werkstücken, Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens sowie Werkstück mit nach dem Verfahren hergestellter Oberflächenschicht

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5224997A (es)
EP (1) EP0462047B1 (es)
JP (1) JP3034079B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2044226C (es)
DE (1) DE59108894D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2110985T3 (es)
PT (1) PT97946B (es)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5554837A (en) * 1993-09-03 1996-09-10 Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corporation Interactive laser welding at elevated temperatures of superalloy articles
JP3550575B2 (ja) * 1994-10-21 2004-08-04 フジオーゼックス株式会社 エンジンバルブの製造方法
DE19529928A1 (de) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-06 Wago Verwaltungs Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen von elektrotechnischen Bauteilen, die eine Kontaktbeschichtung aufweisen
DE19701483A1 (de) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-23 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Verfahren zum Aufbringen erhabener Strukturen auf Sinterbauteilen
DE10137776C1 (de) * 2001-08-02 2003-04-17 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren zur Erzeugung von verschleissbeständigen Randschichten
DE10353473B4 (de) * 2003-11-15 2007-02-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Bauteil einer Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
JP2007169761A (ja) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Delta Kogyo Co Ltd リクライニング部品の製造方法
JP5189824B2 (ja) * 2007-11-02 2013-04-24 本田技研工業株式会社 バルブシートの肉盛り処理方法及びその装置
DE102011113551A1 (de) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Lagerschicht auf einen Gleitlagerbauteilkörper sowie Gleitlagerbauteil
JP6050141B2 (ja) * 2013-02-22 2016-12-21 三井造船株式会社 硬化肉盛溶接装置及び方法
CN103276394A (zh) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-04 铜陵学院 一种等离子喷涂双层结构热障涂层激光重熔一步强化加工方法及其装置
EP3010672A2 (de) * 2013-06-20 2016-04-27 MTU Aero Engines AG Vorrichtung und verfahren zur generativen herstellung zumindest eines bauteilbereichs eines bauteils
CN104195543A (zh) * 2014-08-18 2014-12-10 苏州克兰兹电子科技有限公司 一种光内同轴复合送丝、送粉激光熔覆系统
DE102014222055A1 (de) * 2014-10-29 2016-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Auftragsschweißen mit gekühltem Schutzgas und Verfahren
US10751837B2 (en) * 2015-08-04 2020-08-25 Autotech Engineering A.I.E. Reinforced structural components
CN105154875B (zh) * 2015-09-14 2017-08-11 温州大学 一种激光‑感应复合熔覆加工设备
KR101779104B1 (ko) 2017-03-20 2017-09-18 창원대학교 산학협력단 가공장치용 다중 열원형 예열장치
JP6289713B1 (ja) * 2017-06-12 2018-03-07 南海鋼材株式会社 溶接システム及び溶接方法
CN110283973B (zh) * 2019-07-29 2021-05-14 无锡众望四维科技有限公司 气门杆颈部退火生产线
CN114117869B (zh) * 2021-12-09 2024-05-07 燕山大学 一种工件运动状态下多频感应淬火加热的有限元模拟方法

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DE2811400C3 (de) * 1978-03-16 1981-12-17 Aeg-Elotherm Gmbh, 5630 Remscheid Verfahren zum Umschmelzhärten von Werkstücken
EP0190378B1 (en) * 1985-02-05 1990-05-23 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for surface-alloying metal with a high-density energy beam and an alloy steel
JPS6252975A (ja) * 1985-08-30 1987-03-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp アモルフアス太陽電池
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2044226A1 (en) 1991-12-14
ES2110985T3 (es) 1998-03-01
JP3034079B2 (ja) 2000-04-17
CA2044226C (en) 2001-03-13
PT97946B (pt) 1998-11-30
DE59108894D1 (de) 1998-01-08
JPH07148585A (ja) 1995-06-13
PT97946A (pt) 1993-07-30
US5224997A (en) 1993-07-06
EP0462047A1 (de) 1991-12-18

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