EP0451647A2 - Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451647A2
EP0451647A2 EP91105054A EP91105054A EP0451647A2 EP 0451647 A2 EP0451647 A2 EP 0451647A2 EP 91105054 A EP91105054 A EP 91105054A EP 91105054 A EP91105054 A EP 91105054A EP 0451647 A2 EP0451647 A2 EP 0451647A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discharge lamp
pressure discharge
lamp according
jaws
pinch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91105054A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0451647A3 (en
EP0451647B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Heider
Achim Gosslar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Publication of EP0451647A2 publication Critical patent/EP0451647A2/fr
Publication of EP0451647A3 publication Critical patent/EP0451647A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0451647B1 publication Critical patent/EP0451647B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors
    • H01J9/323—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device
    • H01J9/326—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device making pinched-stem or analogous seals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/368—Pinched seals or analogous seals

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such lamps are lamps that are pinched on both sides with or without an outer bulb. They generally have a quartz glass discharge vessel and in particular have a metal halide filling.
  • the lamps are preferably used in optical systems such as headlights and lighting systems, e.g. for floodlights, stage, film and television, with typical lamp powers of 400 to 4000 W. Smaller wattages can be used in shop window or general lighting (e.g. 150 W).
  • the lamps according to the invention can be produced particularly easily because a special transition region can be dispensed with and instead the constriction is designed as part of the pinch seal in a single process step during the pinching process.
  • the end regions designed as pinch seals are only constricted in the pinch plane, without in the transverse direction, i.e. in terms of the narrow sides to be thickened. In this way, the glass mass present in this area is considerably reduced. The radiating surface is also reduced. In this way, a significantly better heat accumulation effect can be achieved, which leads to an increase in the final burner temperature. Typical is e.g. an increase of 50 - 100 ° C. As a result, there is no need for heat accumulation, the color scatter is reduced, the light yield is increased (by 5 - 10%) and the color rendering is improved.
  • a particularly important advantage of the present invention is the significantly improved constancy of the color temperature, which is also significantly improved starting value is lower;
  • Metal halide discharge lamps typically experience a sharp drop in color temperature during the first 500 hours of operation.
  • the cause is that a metal halide sump gradually develops in the capillaries by diffusion, which exist along the electrode shafts between the foil and the discharge volume, since the thermal expansion coefficients of the electrode shaft made of tungsten and the quartz glass bulb differ greatly. This sump can no longer make a contribution to the vapor pressure in the discharge volume.
  • the use of a cylindrical transition area means that this capillary is inevitably lengthened and the disturbing drop in color temperature is therefore pronounced.
  • the present invention makes it possible to keep the length of the capillary extremely short despite the constriction, so that the drop in color temperature is considerably restricted.
  • the length of the capillary is a maximum of about 10% of the length of the discharge volume along the longitudinal axis. In the case of lamps with a cylindrical transition region, the corresponding value deteriorates to approx. 28% in US Pat. No. 4,396,857 and approx. 54% (!) In EP-OS 266 821.
  • the end region is shaped like a double T.
  • the edge beads widen as additional struts towards the central area, in particular over the entire length of the constriction. In this way, the pinch seals are additionally mechanically stabilized at their point of attachment to the central area.
  • the end areas are reliably prevented from breaking off. Both the constriction and the bracing is particularly important for lamps without an outer bulb. The combination of both measures also leads to a particularly happy interaction during manufacture, since the glass mass saved in the constriction can be redistributed to the struts during the crushing process.
  • the centering knob is also produced without additional effort only during the squeezing process, in that at least one of the squeezing jaws has at least one cavity in the squeezing surface.
  • the area of the central area directly adjoining the end areas is shaped during the squeezing process by appropriately designed squeeze jaws. Tangential bevels are embossed on the ends of the central area, which reduce the discharge volume behind the electrodes.
  • Both the shape of the constriction and the struts as well as the centering of the electrode system can be carried out in a single process step, the crimping process with four crimping jaws.
  • two side crushing jaws are used, which have a roof-shaped protruding nose at the end facing the central area, which shape the constrictions and struts.
  • Particularly good shaping of the pinch seals is achieved by briefly delaying the side pinching process compared to the main pinching process.
  • the very good approximation isothermal discharge vessel 3 made of quartz glass with a wall thickness of approx. 2 mm (or 2.5 mm), which forms the central area, is designed as a barrel body, the generatrix of which is an arc with a radius of curvature of 38.25 mm.
  • the largest outer diameter of the barrel body is 36 mm, the axial length about 51 mm.
  • the outer diameter at the barrel ends 4, on each of which an end region 5, which forms a pinch seal, is approximately 16 mm, so that a discharge volume of approximately 22 cm 3 results.
  • the rod-shaped tungsten electrodes 6, the tips of which are spaced 30 mm apart, are each held axially in the end region 5 and have a double-layer coil 7 in the vicinity of the electrode tip.
  • the end regions 5 have a length of approximately 40 mm and a width of approximately 16 mm.
  • the electrodes 6 are connected via molybdenum foils 8, which are melted into the pinch seal in a vacuum-tight manner, to current leads (not visible) which are in contact with strands 9 of two sleeve bases.
  • the molybdenum foils 8 have a length of approximately 30 mm and a width of 8 mm.
  • the two ceramic sleeve bases 10 are fastened with cement, which consists of a slotted cylindrical holding part 11 and a flattened end body 12 facing the socket.
  • the films are arranged within the pinch seals so that the distance on the discharge side of the film end from the end of the pinch seal is approximately 4 mm. Only over this short distance can a capillary form in the pinch seal along the tungsten electrode 6, which captures the metal halide sump.
  • the broad sides 13 of the pinch seal have beads 14 on the edges towards the narrow sides, so that the pinch seal 5 has a double T-shaped cross-section (ie two "T" abut it Base together).
  • the thickness of the pinch seal is approximately 4 mm, the thickness of the edge beads 14 on the narrow sides 15 is approximately 7 mm (cf. FIG. 2a).
  • the broad sides 13 Towards the central region, the broad sides 13 have constrictions 16 in the form of two bevels over an axial length of 5.5 mm, so that the broad side 13 tapers to 12 mm at the attachment of the end region to the central region without the thickness of the pinch seal changing.
  • the thickness of the edge beads 14 widens towards the central area, so that struts 17 are primarily formed in the area of the bevels.
  • the thickness of the edge beads gradually increases from originally approx. 7 mm to approx. 8 mm at the break point 18 of the bevels and finally reaches approx. 10 mm at the starting point of the struts 17 in the central region.
  • the broad sides 13 of the pinch seals are provided with corrugation (not shown) and furthermore have elongated centering knobs 19a, b at the level of the electrodes 6 and the outer current leads 9.
  • a total of four zones are formed as flat surfaces 20 with approximately square dimensions in the direction of the broad sides 13 and the narrow sides 15 of each pinch seal, said quasi approximations of the curvature of the central region as tangents.
  • These tangential surfaces 20 form an obtuse angle with the planes of the broad sides 13 or the narrow sides 15, in particular approximately 150 ° or 130 °. In this way, the discharge volume behind the electrodes is additionally narrowed, which increases the temperature of the cold spot.
  • the discharge vessel 3 contains a filling of an inert gas (argon) as the ignition gas and mercury as the main component (approx. 220 mg) as well as the rare earths DyBr3 (1 ⁇ mol and TmBr3 (0.5 ⁇ mol) per cm3 discharge volume, also 1 ⁇ mol TlBr, 2 ⁇ mol CsBr and 0.5 ⁇ mol ThJ4.
  • the thorium can be replaced by hafnium.
  • this filling gives an initial color temperature of approximately 5700 K (previously 5900 K) with a color rendering index of 92 (previously 90).
  • the favorable overall design of the 2000 W lamp makes it possible to increase the total light output from 100 lm / W to 105 lm / W and to achieve an extremely long service life of approx. 2000 hours.
  • the specific arc power is 67 W / mm.
  • the isothermally designed discharge vessel has a maximum bulb temperature of approx. 1030 ° C (hot spot), which drops to 1000 ° C (previously approx. 940 ° C) at the cold spot (behind the electrodes at the end of the vessel). At the end of the film, the temperature has dropped to 230 ° C (instead of 250 ° C earlier) (free-burning). In the headlight, this corresponds to a temperature of 330 ° C (previously 350 ° C).
  • the term "earlier" refers to an identical lamp without constriction.
  • the special design of the pinch seal leads to significant improvements in the operating data of this lamp compared to conventionally designed pinch seals due to the heat accumulation effect of the constrictions.
  • the tangential surfaces at the end of the central area increase the temperature in the volumes behind the electrodes (area of the cold spot).
  • the luminous flux remains almost constant at the initial value of 205,000 lm over the operating period (maintenance).
  • the drop is only around 5% (previously around 15%).
  • the color temperature (Fig. 3) shows an initial value of 5700 K (solid curve), which means a reduction of 200 degrees compared to earlier (dashed curve).
  • Further advantages are the improved burning voltage (now approx. 5 - 10% higher) and the better stabilized re-ignition peak (340 V) at the beginning of the lamp's operating life.
  • FIG. 4 shows the broad side of the pinch seal for a lamp without constriction (FIG. 4a) and with constriction (FIG. 4b).
  • the temperature distribution is characterized by lines of the same temperature (isotherms), where a denotes the highest and g the lowest temperature.
  • the temperature d corresponds absolutely to about 350 ° C.
  • the pinch used earlier (Fig. 4a) shows a relative steep gradients over their length, at the end of which a relatively high temperature d remains.
  • the pinch seal as a whole is subjected to considerably less temperature stress (e), and the stress is moreover distributed more evenly over the length of the pinch seal, in particular over the critical area of the melted film.
  • e temperature stress
  • the temperature at the end of the base is thus reduced, the sealing effect of the melt-in of the film is improved and the melt-in is less stressed.
  • the discharge-side edge zone of the pinch seal is not recorded in FIGS. 4a, b.
  • the design of the lamp bulb corresponds approximately to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the lamp bulb is accommodated in an outer bulb and is smaller overall.
  • the press seals each have a length of approximately 20 mm, of which 4 mm are in the area of the constriction.
  • the film with a length of 13 mm is melted into the middle of the pinch seal, so that the electrode shaft and the external power supply are each embedded about 3.3 mm into the pinch seal.
  • the width of the pinch seal of 16 mm is reduced to 9 mm in the constriction.
  • the thickness of the press seal is approximately 2 mm and increases to 4 mm in the area of the edge beads.
  • the edge beads themselves widen to 6 mm over the length of the constriction, forming the struts towards the central area.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Another exemplary embodiment of a metal halide lamp is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. It has a cylindrical outer bulb 21 made of hard glass, which is provided at one end with a screw base 22 and at the other end with a dome 23. Coaxially with the outer bulb, a quartz glass bulb 24 with two axially opposite electrodes is arranged as a discharge vessel, which is held by means of a frame 25 including two current leads 26 and is melted into the outer bulb 21 in a gas-tight manner.
  • the discharge vessel has a tubular central body 27, the two ends of which are enclosed by a box-like crimp 28, i.e. without ridges, is sealed.
  • the width of the pinch corresponds to the outer diameter of the central body 27. Similar to the first exemplary embodiment, the pinch has a constriction 29 which reduces the width of the pinch from 16 mm to 9 mm. The thickness of the pinch is about 2 mm. The narrow sides of the bruises widen to struts 30, which on Approach the central area to a thickness of 4 mm.
  • the lamp is manufactured from a blank for the quartz glass bulb with, for example, a barrel-shaped central region (cf. FIG. 1) and two tubular end regions.
  • the pump stem is placed in the middle of this.
  • an electrode system consisting of an electrode, a molybdenum foil and an external power supply, the electrode and the external power supply being welded to the molybdenum foil, is inserted from below into the tubular end region and held there with an interchangeable holder.
  • the end area After purging with argon gas, the end area is brought to squeezing temperature (approx. 1700 ° C) by two gas burners. The part of the piston that is still in the deformation area should also reach the pinch temperature. The end area is finally squeezed with a four-jaw squeezing machine while flushing with argon.
  • the two main pinch jaws 31 (FIG. 7a) form the broad sides of the pinch seal.
  • the pinch surface 32 of the main pinch jaws has two recesses 33 for centering the electrode system, which appear as centering knobs on the pinch seal.
  • two lateral bevels 35 are attached to the crimping surface in order to enable an engagement with two side crimping jaws 36.
  • a third bevel 37 takes the squeeze surface 32 back close to its upper edge 34 by approximately 60 °. This slope 37 serves for the tangential shaping of the central area. Steps 38 are formed on the lateral edges of the squeeze surface, which produce the edge beads.
  • Two side crushing jaws 36 act transversely to the main crushing jaws, the crushing surface 39 of which forms the narrow sides of the crushing seal.
  • a nose 40 projects like a roof, the ridge 41 running parallel to the upper edge of the crushing surface.
  • the lower roof slope 42 protruding from the crushing surface is inclined by 30 ° from the plane of the crushing surface 39, the upper roof slope 43 has an inclination of 50 ° in this regard.
  • the lower roof slope 42 creates the constriction, while the upper roof slope 43 forms the two remaining tangential surfaces of the central area.
  • the upper edge of the main crimp jaw closes with the ridge of the side crimp jaw.
  • the struts in the edge beads result from the fact that the side slopes 35 of the main crushing jaws have a different inclination (19 °) than the lower roof slopes 42 of the side crushing jaws. It has proven particularly favorable if the side crushing jaws work with a slight time delay (approx. 0.5 sec) compared to the main crushing jaws.
  • the glass flask is then turned over and the second end area is closed using the same technique.
  • the pumping stem is used to pump out, rinse and fill the discharge vessel in a manner known per se.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
EP91105054A 1990-04-12 1991-03-28 Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0451647B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4011931 1990-04-12
DE4011931 1990-04-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0451647A2 true EP0451647A2 (fr) 1991-10-16
EP0451647A3 EP0451647A3 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0451647B1 EP0451647B1 (fr) 1995-07-05

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ID=6404336

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EP91105054A Expired - Lifetime EP0451647B1 (fr) 1990-04-12 1991-03-28 Lampe à décharge à haute pression et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5142195A (fr)
EP (1) EP0451647B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2551929B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59105899D1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0591777A2 (fr) * 1992-10-05 1994-04-13 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Méthode de fabrication d'une lampe à décharge à haute pression de faible puissance à pincement unique et lampes à décharge à haute pression
EP0780883A1 (fr) 1995-12-22 1997-06-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à deux scellements par pincement
EP0825636A2 (fr) * 1996-08-21 1998-02-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à décharge haute pression
US5825129A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-10-20 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure discharge lamp having pirch seals
EP1197984A1 (fr) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-17 General Electric Company Branchement des électrodes dans une lampe à décharge
US7748867B2 (en) 2005-03-21 2010-07-06 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Deflection component for a luminaire and associated luminaire
US7882052B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2011-02-01 Eors Szathmary Evolutionary neural network and method of generating an evolutionary neural network
US7973482B2 (en) 2004-04-16 2011-07-05 OSRAM Gesellschaft mit beschraenkler Haftung High-pressure discharge lamp with halogens

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5486737A (en) * 1994-04-12 1996-01-23 Osram Sylvania Inc. Heavily loaded double-ended arc lamp
DE69604356T2 (de) * 1995-04-27 2000-03-30 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Gesockelte elektrische lampe
BE1010356A6 (fr) * 1997-01-10 1998-06-02 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Lampe a decharge a haute pression a culot.
US5834897A (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-11-10 Osram Sylvania Inc. Lamp with centered electrode or in-lead
US6249077B1 (en) * 1999-03-02 2001-06-19 Osram Sylvania Inc. Arc tube, mounting member and electric lamp assembly
JP3233355B2 (ja) * 1999-05-25 2001-11-26 松下電器産業株式会社 メタルハライドランプ
JP3652602B2 (ja) * 2000-12-05 2005-05-25 株式会社小糸製作所 アークチューブおよびその製造方法
CN101116166A (zh) * 2005-02-04 2008-01-30 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 包括具有纵向凹槽的电极棒的电灯
KR20060100236A (ko) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-20 마츠시타 덴끼 산교 가부시키가이샤 박막 형상의 급전단자를 구비한 냉음극 형광램프, 그제조방법, 당해 냉음극 형광램프를 구비한 점등장치,백라이트 유닛 및 액정표시장치
US7501766B2 (en) * 2006-09-19 2009-03-10 Osram Sylvania Inc. Lamp having an envelope with an oxidation resistant seal employing a unidirectional carbon fiber mat infiltrated with SiC
JP4868036B2 (ja) * 2009-07-31 2012-02-01 ウシオ電機株式会社 高圧放電ランプ
DE202010009040U1 (de) 2010-06-14 2010-09-16 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe
JP2012028203A (ja) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-09 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd 高圧放電ランプ

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US3205395A (en) * 1962-04-13 1965-09-07 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp inlead construction
GB2002954A (en) * 1977-08-15 1979-02-28 Gen Electric Electrode in lead for miniature discharge lamps
GB2080018A (en) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-27 Gen Electric Arc tube construction
EP0183403A2 (fr) * 1984-11-24 1986-06-04 Thorn Emi Plc Traversées de fils conducteurs dans les pincements
EP0271927A2 (fr) * 1986-12-18 1988-06-22 Gte Products Corporation Procédé pour réduire la variation de température dans des tubes à arc à halogénures métalliques

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US3548245A (en) * 1969-02-13 1970-12-15 Gen Electric Quartz-to-metal foil pinch seal
US3742283A (en) * 1971-10-28 1973-06-26 Gte Sylvania Inc Press seal for lamp having fused silica envelope
JPS5389286A (en) * 1977-01-17 1978-08-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Metal vapor discharge lamp
JPS5433347U (fr) * 1977-08-09 1979-03-05
JPS5740855A (en) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-06 Toshiba Corp Metal halide lamp
JPS5740856A (en) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-06 Toshiba Corp Metal halide lamp
JPS5740852A (en) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-06 Toshiba Corp Metal halide lamp
JPS5740851A (en) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-06 Toshiba Corp Metallic vapor discharge lamp and its manufacturing method
JPS5753062A (en) * 1980-09-16 1982-03-29 Toshiba Corp Halide lamp
US4540373A (en) * 1984-08-30 1985-09-10 Gte Products Corporation Method of fabricating an arc tube for an arc discharge lamp
DE3506295A1 (de) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-28 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Kompakte hochdruckentladungslampe
US4891555A (en) * 1985-11-15 1990-01-02 General Electric Company Metal vapor discharge lamps
EP0266821B1 (fr) * 1986-10-20 1991-01-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe à décharge à haute pression
US4859899A (en) * 1987-05-07 1989-08-22 Gte Products Corporation Metal-halide lamp having heat redistribution means
JPH034436A (ja) * 1989-05-31 1991-01-10 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd メタルハライドランプ及びその点灯装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3205395A (en) * 1962-04-13 1965-09-07 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp inlead construction
GB2002954A (en) * 1977-08-15 1979-02-28 Gen Electric Electrode in lead for miniature discharge lamps
GB2080018A (en) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-27 Gen Electric Arc tube construction
EP0183403A2 (fr) * 1984-11-24 1986-06-04 Thorn Emi Plc Traversées de fils conducteurs dans les pincements
EP0271927A2 (fr) * 1986-12-18 1988-06-22 Gte Products Corporation Procédé pour réduire la variation de température dans des tubes à arc à halogénures métalliques

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0591777A2 (fr) * 1992-10-05 1994-04-13 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Méthode de fabrication d'une lampe à décharge à haute pression de faible puissance à pincement unique et lampes à décharge à haute pression
EP0591777A3 (fr) * 1992-10-05 1995-05-24 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Méthode de fabrication d'une lampe à décharge à haute pression de faible puissance à pincement unique et lampes à décharge à haute pression.
US5528101A (en) * 1992-10-05 1996-06-18 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Single-ended low-power discharge lamp, and method of its manufacture
EP0780883A1 (fr) 1995-12-22 1997-06-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à deux scellements par pincement
US5932955A (en) * 1995-12-22 1999-08-03 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F.Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Double-based, double-ended, pinch-sealed electric lamp with integral base
US5825129A (en) * 1996-05-31 1998-10-20 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure discharge lamp having pirch seals
EP0825636A2 (fr) * 1996-08-21 1998-02-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à décharge haute pression
EP0825636A3 (fr) * 1996-08-21 1998-05-13 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampe à décharge haute pression
EP1197984A1 (fr) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-17 General Electric Company Branchement des électrodes dans une lampe à décharge
US7973482B2 (en) 2004-04-16 2011-07-05 OSRAM Gesellschaft mit beschraenkler Haftung High-pressure discharge lamp with halogens
US7748867B2 (en) 2005-03-21 2010-07-06 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Deflection component for a luminaire and associated luminaire
US7882052B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2011-02-01 Eors Szathmary Evolutionary neural network and method of generating an evolutionary neural network

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0451647A3 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0451647B1 (fr) 1995-07-05
DE59105899D1 (de) 1995-08-10
JPH04228436A (ja) 1992-08-18
JP2551929B2 (ja) 1996-11-06
US5142195A (en) 1992-08-25

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