EP0450569B1 - Verfahren zum Expandieren von Tabak - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Expandieren von Tabak Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0450569B1
EP0450569B1 EP91105187A EP91105187A EP0450569B1 EP 0450569 B1 EP0450569 B1 EP 0450569B1 EP 91105187 A EP91105187 A EP 91105187A EP 91105187 A EP91105187 A EP 91105187A EP 0450569 B1 EP0450569 B1 EP 0450569B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
tobacco
pressure
approximately
cooled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91105187A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0450569A2 (de
EP0450569A3 (en
Inventor
Alessio Dr. Zambelli
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Comas SpA
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Comas SpA
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Publication of EP0450569A2 publication Critical patent/EP0450569A2/de
Publication of EP0450569A3 publication Critical patent/EP0450569A3/de
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Publication of EP0450569B1 publication Critical patent/EP0450569B1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
    • A24B3/182—Puffing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S131/00—Tobacco
    • Y10S131/90—Liquified gas employed in puffing tobacco

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of expanding tobacco, wherein (a) the tobacco is cooled to a preselected temperature by mixing with cold carbon dioxide under a preselected weight ratio, (b) the cooled tobacco is increased to a preselected value by treatment with gaseous carbon dioxide Pressure and is impregnated with liquid carbon dioxide during a preselected contact time with condensation of the gaseous carbon dioxide, (c) the liquid carbon dioxide condensed in the tobacco is converted into solid carbon dioxide with rapid reduction of the carbon dioxide pressure with simultaneous formation of gaseous carbon dioxide, and (d) the solid carbon dioxide containing Tobacco undergoes hot gas expansion treatment.
  • This process makes use of carbon dioxide in all stages, which, depending on the requirements and reaction conditions, is in solid, liquid or gaseous form.
  • the amount of solid carbon dioxide used is such that a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and tobacco is still present in the subsequent stage of treating the tobacco with gaseous carbon dioxide under pressure.
  • the weight ratio of solid carbon dioxide to tobacco should preferably be between 96% and 130%, and in particular between 125% and 128%, so that, in addition to other desired properties, there is above all a sufficiently high percentage increase in the tobacco filling value during treatment final expansion with hot gases results.
  • This known method is not only uneconomical due to its very high need for carbon dioxide, in particular solid carbon dioxide, but also has the disadvantage that such excess amount of carbon dioxide is used in the subsequent treatment of the mixture of solid carbon dioxide due to the use of such a high amount of carbon dioxide and tobacco with gaseous carbon dioxide leads to further formation of solid carbon dioxide and subsequent generation of excess liquid carbon dioxide.
  • there is practically no selective absorption of the liquid carbon dioxide only in the pores and on the porous surface of the tobacco and there is also the risk of the tobacco forming lumps as a result of icing with the excess carbon dioxide.
  • This method differs from the method according to DE-A 34 45 752 mainly in that in the first stage the tobacco is cooled by treatment with liquid nitrogen, which means that in the subsequent stage of treatment with gaseous carbon dioxide a relatively high pressure is apparently applied got to.
  • the object of the invention is to create a new method for expanding tobacco, which is extremely economical due to its particularly low need and consumption of carbon dioxide and its recoverability, a selective impregnation practically only gives the pores and the porous surface of the tobacco and at the same time leads to a particularly strong increase in fill value.
  • the tobacco in stage (a) by direct expansion of liquid carbon dioxide from a pressure vessel into the interior of a closed system to form a mist-like mixture of cold gaseous carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide snow and optionally liquid Carbon dioxide and with simultaneous admixture of the tobacco to a temperature of about -30 ° C to -100 ° C, preferably from about -70 ° C to -85 ° C, is cooled.
  • step (a) the tobacco is cooled to the desired temperature in each case by direct expansion of liquid carbon dioxide with simultaneous admixing of the tobacco with the fog-like cold mixture which forms during this expansion about -30 ° C to -100 ° C, and preferably from about -70 ° C to -85 ° C.
  • stage (a) It is precisely the use of liquid carbon dioxide in stage (a) and the resulting manner of treating the tobacco to be cooled with it that are responsible for the fact that the tobacco has physical properties in this first stage is provided, which are then to a certain extent in the further stages that there is a selective absorption of the liquid carbon dioxide practically only in the pores and on the porous surface of the tobacco and the special filling value of the tobacco thus treated which can ultimately be achieved.
  • the use of a mist-like mixture formed by direct expansion of liquid carbon dioxide in stage (a) of the process according to the invention should therefore be of crucial importance for the further stages of this process.
  • the mechanism that takes place here is not known, but it is assumed that it is precisely through step (a) that the structure of the tobacco is influenced in a formative manner and possibly fixed.
  • the weight ratio of liquid carbon dioxide to be relaxed and tobacco to be cooled, which is to be used in stage (a) of the process according to the invention, is expediently chosen such that the amount of carbon dioxide snow present in the original mist-like mixture is obtained by removing heat from the tobacco after the tobacco has reached the desired temperature has been consumed to form gaseous carbon dioxide, that the amount of residual carbon dioxide snow before the beginning of the subsequent step (b) is only up to 40 percent by weight, preferably only up to 10 percent by weight, based on the weight of the cooled tobacco.
  • the amount of carbon dioxide snow still present is generally inversely proportional to the temperature which the tobacco has at the start of carrying out stage (b) of the process according to the invention.
  • the amount of residual carbon dioxide snow corresponds to, for example, 40 to 10 percent by weight, so that at a tobacco temperature of, for example, about -70 ° C to -85 ° C, for example, only more less than 10 percent by weight of residual carbon dioxide snow should be present. In this case, there is preferably no excess of residual carbon dioxide snow.
  • stage (a) of the process according to the invention is therefore carried out in such a way that a weight ratio of liquid carbon dioxide to be relaxed and tobacco to be cooled is selected such that heat is removed from the tobacco after the temperature desired for the tobacco has been reached, preferably a temperature of about -70 ° C to -100 ° C, especially a temperature of about -70 ° C to -85 ° C, practically no more carbon dioxide snow is present, so that all of the original carbon dioxide snow has been volatilized to gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • Such a state of equilibrium enables optimal control of the process and maximum increase in the filling value of the tobacco and, at the same time, a particularly economical method of operation, since this allows the amount of carbon dioxide required, in particular liquid carbon dioxide initially required, to be kept as low as possible. There can therefore be no disruptive additional formation of solid carbon dioxide and its subsequent conversion into excess liquid carbon dioxide in the subsequent step of treating the cooled tobacco with gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • step (a) after the tobacco has reached the desired temperature, a small excess of solid carbon dioxide may still be present, which is not has been evaporated to gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the process according to the invention can be designed optimally if virtually all of the solid carbon dioxide has been converted into gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • Step (a) of the process according to the invention is generally carried out, depending on the particular temperature desired for the tobacco, in such a way that a weight ratio of liquid carbon dioxide to be relaxed and tobacco to be cooled is from about 0.4 to 1.8, preferably from about 0.7 to 1.1, is chosen, in each case based on the weight of the tobacco to be cooled, namely on a part by weight of tobacco. It is best to use in step (a) of the process according to the invention such an amount of liquid carbon dioxide to be relaxed that the preferred temperature is from about -70.degree. C. to -85.degree. C., and in particular from about -78.degree Tobacco results, in which case either only a small amount of excess carbon dioxide snow or no more carbon dioxide snow should be present.
  • the expansion of the liquid carbon dioxide into the interior of a closed system can otherwise be carried out in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art, and it is generally carried out via a conventional expansion valve, through which a corresponding dosage of the expansion and the formation of the Cooling of the tobacco required foggy mixture can be achieved.
  • Suitable thermal insulation should also ensure that the entire cold content of the mist-like mixture of cold gaseous carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide snow and possibly liquid carbon dioxide, which is formed during the expansion of liquid carbon dioxide, is used to cool the tobacco, so that it is not consumed unnecessarily Coolant comes from the release of heat to the respective system and the environment.
  • suitable insulation of the system namely primarily the container in which the tobacco is cooled, which insulation best represents an inner lining for the container.
  • such an inner lining with thermal insulation is particularly important for the container in which the treatment of the cooled tobacco with gaseous carbon dioxide corresponding to stage (b) of the method according to the invention is carried out.
  • the respective system for example the respective mixing container, is preferably evacuated in order to thereby remove the majority of the air originally present, so that contamination of the carbon dioxide to be recovered later is kept as low as possible.
  • the pores of the tobacco that are later to be impregnated are to be freed of air as far as possible and thus be prepared even better for later impregnation.
  • stage (a) of the process according to the invention Before carrying out stage (a) of the process according to the invention, the system, for example the mixing tank in which this stage is carried out, or else a double tank system in which both stage (a) and stage (b) of the process according to the invention are carried out , therefore expediently evacuated, for example to a pressure of about 3 to 8 mbar, preferably to a pressure of 4 to 6 mbar.
  • the tobacco to be treated by the method according to the invention can be any tobacco material and it can be also tobacco material obtained by crushing or grinding tobacco stems or tobacco ribs, for example so-called reconstituted tobacco.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably applied to tobacco leaves, in particular cut tobacco.
  • the moisture content of the tobacco required as starting material for the process according to the invention is practically not critical. However, this tobacco expediently has a moisture content of 10 to 25 percent by weight.
  • the contact time of the tobacco with the mist-like mixture in step (a) is generally about 2 to 12 minutes, and preferably about 4 to 8 minutes, before step (b) is started.
  • the mist-like mixture of cold gaseous carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide snow and possibly also liquid carbon dioxide is best fed directly into a pressure vessel connected to it via the system, which is usually a mixing vessel in which it is formed, which is used for optimal implementation stage (b) of the method according to the invention is provided with thermal insulation, which is best composed of a heat-insulating lining arranged throughout the interior of this pressure vessel.
  • thermal insulation which is best composed of a heat-insulating lining arranged throughout the interior of this pressure vessel.
  • Stages (a), (b) and (c) of the method according to the invention are expediently carried out using a device in which the mixing container and the pressure container form a pressure-tight and vacuum-tight communicating double-container system.
  • a horizontally lying, box-shaped or tubular mixing container is expediently used, in one half of which a conveying device which receives the respectively required tobacco dose is arranged and in the second half of which the pressure container is arranged on the bottom side.
  • This pressure vessel is provided with a lid which can be actuated in the interior of the mixing vessel, namely opened and can be closed with the pressure vessel both in a vacuum-tight and above all pressure-tight manner.
  • This pressure vessel is preferably a cylindrical vessel which is provided on the bottom side with a bottom which can also be closed in a vacuum-tight and, above all, pressure-tight manner with the pressure vessel. With the lid and base closed, this pressure vessel can therefore be brought to the pressure with gaseous carbon dioxide which is required to carry out stage (b) of the process according to the invention.
  • the lid and base are of course preferably lined on the inside with thermal insulation.
  • the closed double container system and the tobacco dose contained therein and to be treated according to the invention are preferably evacuated before the formation of the mist-shaped mixture required for cooling and before it is mixed with the tobacco, for the reasons already given above, for example to a pressure of about 3 to 8 mbar, and preferably to a pressure of about 4 to 6 mbar, the lid of the pressure vessel naturally being open to the interior of the mixing vessel and the bottom of the pressure vessel and the loading opening for the tobacco being closed.
  • one half of the horizontally arranged mixing container is expediently the one in each case arranged required tobacco dose receiving conveyor, which preferably consists of a trough located below the loading opening for the tobacco, the bottom of which is formed by a conveyor belt and whose end facing the center of the mixing container has a metering device with which the tobacco supply present in the trough, approximately which corresponds to the tobacco dose to be treated in each case in stages (b) and (c) of the process in the pressure vessel, can be metered directly into the opening of the pressure vessel on the lid.
  • the pipeline for the introduction of liquid carbon dioxide and the expansion valve located at its end are therefore preferably arranged in the wall of the mixing container in such a way that the expansion valve points directly in the direction of the opening of the pressure container.
  • mist-like mixture of cold gaseous carbon dioxide, solid carbon dioxide snow and possibly also some liquid carbon dioxide formed during the expansion of the liquid carbon dioxide is mixed with the tobacco coming out of the conveying device immediately after its formation and brought into the pressure container in an already mixed form.
  • the evacuation of the double container system in which steps (a), (b) and (c) are carried out, where appropriate to be carried out before the start of stage (a) of the process according to the invention, can be achieved in any suitable manner, for which purpose, for example, a valve is arranged on the pressure vessel is connected to a vacuum pump via a line. If necessary, a corresponding valve can also be present on the mixing container.
  • the gaseous carbon dioxide used for this purpose expediently has a temperature of about -25.degree. C. to + 15.degree. C., preferably from about -20.degree. C. to + 10.degree.
  • the contact time with the gaseous carbon dioxide in the pressure vessel is, for example, about 2 to 12 minutes, preferably about 4 to 8 minutes, and in particular about 6 minutes.
  • the tobacco in step (b) undergoes selective weight impregnation with liquid carbon dioxide, practically only in its pores, a weight increase of about 10 to 40% compared to the original untreated tobacco.
  • the impregnated tobacco has a temperature of, for example, about -25 to -45 ° C.
  • the pressure container is charged with gaseous carbon dioxide through a shut-off valve arranged on the pressure container, which is connected via a corresponding line to a storage container for gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • This valve is expediently arranged with its line in the bottom of the pressure vessel.
  • the carbon dioxide pressure in the pressure vessel for the purpose of converting the liquid carbon dioxide present in the pores of the tobacco into solid carbon dioxide is expanded as quickly as possible from the previous condensation pressure to a substantially lower pressure, with this sudden relaxation is first expediently carried out to about atmospheric pressure.
  • This expansion can take place via the same shut-off valve and the same line, with which the previous feed of gaseous carbon dioxide was carried out in accordance with stage (b).
  • stage (b) After the pressure in the pressure vessel has been released, this will still be there Any remaining carbon dioxide is obtained by applying a weak vacuum and then returned for reuse.
  • the above relaxation converts the liquid carbon dioxide originally present in the pores of the tobacco into solid carbon dioxide, at the same time converting part of the original carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the ratio of solid carbon dioxide formed to the resulting gaseous carbon dioxide is of course dependent on the respective process conditions. It is generally in the weight range from about 0.2 to 1.0: 1, and preferably in the range from about 0.3 to 0.6: 1.
  • the treated is in the pores Tobacco therefore generally has an amount of solid carbon dioxide of from about 2 to about 17%, preferably from about 8 to about 15%, based on the original weight of the untreated tobacco.
  • the volume of the pressure vessel in which stages (b) and (c) of the method according to the invention are carried out is adapted to the amount of cooled tobacco to be treated in order to ensure the most economical possible operation and optimal use of the required carbon dioxide, so that the pressure vessel in is generally at least two thirds filled with chilled tobacco. Depending on the process conditions and the desired effect, a lower or higher degree of filling can also be used.
  • stage (c) of the process according to the invention After stage (c) of the process according to the invention has ended, the tobacco filled in its pores with solid carbon dioxide is removed by opening the bottom of the pressure vessel and then, if appropriate via a correspondingly insulated and, if necessary, cooled storage vessel, for carrying out stage (d) of the invention Procedure into a conventional device for treating this tobacco with hot gases for the desired expansion.
  • the measures and processes to be used in this stage (d) are within the scope of the skilled person and consist, for example, in a conventional treatment of the tobacco containing solid carbon dioxide with hot gases, preferably with air, water vapor or a mixture thereof, at temperatures of generally about 150 ° C to 350 ° C, preferably from about 200 ° C to 300 ° C, during the period of time required for expansion, which is kept as short as possible depending on the temperature selected in order to avoid undesirable damage to the tobacco.
  • Step (d) of the process according to the invention can be carried out by means of a conventional device for expanding tobacco by treatment with hot gases.
  • FIG. 1 shows in detail a double container system consisting of a horizontally lying cylindrical mixing container 1 and a vertical cylindrical pressure container 2 connected to it.
  • a conveying device 3 for receiving tobacco 4 is arranged in a (right) part of the mixing container 1, and this conveying device 3 exists from a tub 5 suitable for receiving the respective tobacco dose, with a conveyor belt 6 arranged at the bottom and metering rollers 7 arranged at the end.
  • the tub 5 of the conveying device 3 is fed with the tobacco dose required for the treatment via a loading opening 9 provided with a shut-off device 8.
  • the pressure vessel 2 flanged to the bottom of the other (left) part of the mixing vessel 1 with its head-side end has a lid 10 and a bottom 11, and these two components can each be operated independently of one another, namely opened and / or closed, which in each case is shown by a broken line of the cover 10 in the closed position and the bottom 11 in the open position.
  • a shut-off valve 12 is arranged, which is connected via a line 13 to a storage container for gaseous carbon dioxide, not shown.
  • the pressure vessel 2 can be brought to the pressure required to carry out stage (b) of the process according to the invention by supplying gaseous carbon dioxide, and can be expanded to carry out stage (c) of this process and evacuated for the further removal of the remaining gaseous carbon dioxide will.
  • a shut-off valve 15 is connected via a suction line 14 to a vacuum pump (not shown), whereby the double tank system is evacuated before the start of stage (a) of the method according to the invention and can thus be freed from interfering air which is both located inside the double container system as well as in the pores of the tobacco.
  • the inside of the pressure vessel 2, namely its inner surface area, its cover 10 and its base 11, is lined with a total of thermal insulation 16.
  • an expansion valve 17 is arranged at the top, which is supplied with liquid carbon dioxide via a line 18 from a storage container, not shown.
  • a mist-like mixture 19 of cold gaseous carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide snow and some liquid carbon dioxide is formed, which is metered directly into the head-side opening of the pressure vessel 2 and at the same time is mixed with the tobacco 4, which is also metered in at the same time.
  • the trough 5 of the conveying device 3 of the mixing container 1 which has a capacity of approximately 300 l, is charged with 10 kg of cut virginia tobacco 4 via the loading opening 9 when the shut-off element 8 is open, which has a moisture content of approximately 21% and an ambient temperature (approximately 18 to 22 ° C), whereupon the shut-off element 8 of the mixing container 1 is closed.
  • the expansion valve 17 is opened and adjusted so that a total of about 8 kg of liquid carbon dioxide is metered in via line 18 within a period of about 6 minutes and converted into a cold mist-like mixture of cold gaseous carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide snow and some liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the conveyor belt 6 and the metering rollers 7 connected therewith are also operated in such a way that the total amount of 10 kg of tobacco which is in the tub 5 is also within a period of about 6 minutes , evenly metered into the interior of the pressure vessel 2 and at the same time mixed with the mist-like mixture formed via the expansion valve 17 and cooled uniformly.
  • the liquid has Carbon dioxide has a pressure of about 14 bar absolute and a temperature of about -35 ° C.
  • the pressure in the double container system increases from initially approximately 4 mbar to approximately 5 bar absolute, whereupon this pressure is evacuated via line 13 with the shut-off valve 12 open is gradually reduced to about 0.6 bar absolute.
  • the tobacco 4 has cooled to a temperature of approximately -80 ° C., and at this point the pressure prevailing in the double container system from the mixing container 1 and the pressure container 2 is raised via the vacuum pump connected to the line 13 about 0.25 bar absolutely further reduced, which makes the temperature of the tobacco 4 even more uniform and at the same time further gaseous carbon dioxide is obtained.
  • the gaseous carbon dioxide drawn off via line 13 is in each case recovered and recycled overall, for example simply brought to a higher pressure or even converted into liquid carbon dioxide by further compression. The carbon dioxide obtained in this way can thus be reused overall and recycled.
  • the pressure vessel 2 After reaching the desired temperature for the tobacco of about -80 ° C, the pressure vessel 2 is closed by closing its lid 10. Then gaseous carbon dioxide with an initial temperature of about -15 ° C and up to a final temperature of about + 15 ° C is introduced into the pressure vessel 2 via line 13 with the shut-off valve 12 open from the bottom 11 such that a pressure is present in the pressure vessel 2 of about 26 bar absolute, whereby the tobacco 4 in the pressure vessel 2 is treated for a total of about 6 minutes and is thereby selectively impregnated with liquid carbon dioxide in its pores and on its porous surface with condensation of gaseous carbon dioxide. He experiences through this impregnation increases the weight by approximately 28 percent by weight, based on the weight of the original untreated tobacco 4.
  • the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessel 2 is first rapidly relieved via line 13 to a pressure of approximately 1 bar absolute and then likewise evacuated via line 13 to a pressure of approximately 0.2 bar absolute, with all of the carbon dioxide present in the pressure vessel 2 is won.
  • This expansion which takes about 2 minutes, converts part (about a third) of the liquid carbon dioxide mainly in the pores of tobacco 4 to solid carbon dioxide, while the other part (about two thirds) is evaporated to gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the bottom 11 of the pressure vessel 2 is opened and the tobacco containing solid carbon dioxide in its pores is emptied.
  • the tobacco obtained in this way like the original feed, is a loose material, the fibers of which are not connected to one another by possible icing. No mechanical processing of this tobacco is therefore necessary to break it up into a loose pile of material.
  • the solid carbon dioxide-containing tobacco 4 is expanded in a conventional tobacco expansion device at a temperature of about 250 ° C. with a mixture of air and water vapor, resulting in a tobacco 4 with a filling value of about 11.4 cm 3 / g compared to the original tobacco with a filling value of 5.5 cm3 / g, whereby these data were each determined after the Borgwaldt filling value test with a moisture content of the tobacco of 12.6%.
  • the fiber length of the tobacco obtained is practically unchanged from the starting tobacco, and the amount of tobacco obtained is approximately 99.7% by weight, based on the original weight of the tobacco, which shows that there is practically no loss of tobacco, for example due to abrasion, by the process according to the invention , other crushing or any other influences.
  • the aroma of the treated tobacco is practically unchanged from its original aroma.

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  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
EP91105187A 1990-04-04 1991-04-02 Verfahren zum Expandieren von Tabak Expired - Lifetime EP0450569B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4010892 1990-04-04
DE4010892A DE4010892A1 (de) 1990-04-04 1990-04-04 Verfahren zum expandieren von tabak

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0450569A2 EP0450569A2 (de) 1991-10-09
EP0450569A3 EP0450569A3 (en) 1992-02-26
EP0450569B1 true EP0450569B1 (de) 1993-09-01

Family

ID=6403758

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91105187A Expired - Lifetime EP0450569B1 (de) 1990-04-04 1991-04-02 Verfahren zum Expandieren von Tabak

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5172707A (zh)
EP (1) EP0450569B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH0755144B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1028201C (zh)
AT (1) ATE93687T1 (zh)
DE (2) DE4010892A1 (zh)
DK (1) DK0450569T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2045975T3 (zh)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5259403A (en) * 1992-03-18 1993-11-09 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process and apparatus for expanding tobacco cut filler
SK139993A3 (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-09-07 Philip Morris Prod Method of impregnation and expanding of tobacco and device for its performing
JPH104531A (ja) * 1996-06-14 1998-01-06 Nikon Corp 情報処理装置
JP3165791B2 (ja) 1997-03-27 2001-05-14 日本たばこ産業株式会社 膨化たばこ材料の製造方法
US7726320B2 (en) 2006-10-18 2010-06-01 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco-containing smoking article
JP5650321B2 (ja) * 2010-06-24 2015-01-07 フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム タバコ膨張方法及び装置
US20130255702A1 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article incorporating a conductive substrate
US12022859B2 (en) 2019-07-18 2024-07-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Thermal energy absorbers for tobacco heating products
CN110376091B (zh) * 2019-08-26 2022-04-22 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 测定膨胀烟丝中二氧化碳吸附量的方法及装置

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4336814A (en) * 1977-08-08 1982-06-29 Philip Morris Incorporated Process for expanding tobacco
US4235250A (en) * 1978-03-29 1980-11-25 Philip Morris Incorporated Process for the expansion of tobacco
US4310006A (en) * 1978-03-31 1982-01-12 American Brands, Inc. Method and apparatus for expanding tobacco
US4253474A (en) * 1978-03-31 1981-03-03 American Brands, Inc. Method for expanding tobacco
US4431011A (en) * 1981-09-23 1984-02-14 Rothchild Ronald D Process for expanding tobacco with water
US4460000A (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-07-17 The Boc Group, Inc. Vacuum and gas expansion of tobacco
US4528994A (en) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-16 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco treating process
US4630619A (en) * 1983-12-16 1986-12-23 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. Process for treating tobacco

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2045975T3 (es) 1994-01-16
EP0450569A2 (de) 1991-10-09
EP0450569A3 (en) 1992-02-26
JPH0755144B2 (ja) 1995-06-14
DE59100336D1 (de) 1993-10-07
DE4010892A1 (de) 1991-10-10
DK0450569T3 (da) 1993-11-22
CN1055289A (zh) 1991-10-16
CN1028201C (zh) 1995-04-19
US5172707A (en) 1992-12-22
ATE93687T1 (de) 1993-09-15
JPH04228055A (ja) 1992-08-18
DE4010892C2 (zh) 1993-07-29

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