Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
  • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
  • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
  • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
  • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
  • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
  • C05F17/986—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being liquid
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for recycling organic waste with the aim of producing permanent humus and substrate, in which the organic waste is comminuted, composted and can be reused as humus products by rotting.
• the invention further relates to a rotting device for receiving one or more table rents for carrying out the method mentioned.
• the process according to the invention is characterized in that the organic wastes - optionally after intermediate storage - are broken up, blended and torn in the longitudinal direction of the fibers by tearing and whipping and are based on a water content of more than 50 to 65% by volume, preferably 60% by volume be mass to the total ⁇ moistened.
• these initial conditions are optimized in such a way that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 80: 1 to a maximum of 100: 1.
• the water that enters the table rental after heavy rain evaporates after saturation of the material or sinks as excess water to the bottom of the table rental and is drawn off there. This ensures, in addition to water penetration, that the table rental is always ventilated without the need for expensive additional ventilation, slotted plates, fans, suction systems or the like in the purchase and operation.
• the water content according to the invention in the table rental has very specific biocenoses. These are primarily
• the liquid collecting at the bottom of the heap can drain down and is preferably used to (re) moisten the table rent.
• the temperature rises to values of up to 80 ° C before falling to a value below 65 ° C after 15 to 20 days.
• biocenoses consisting of mesophilic-decomposing organisms, thermophilic-heat-generating organisms, yeasts and mixed cultures, the . are located wherever the first digest of the organic African mass is made by the mushrooms. 'At the end of this phase by increasing the temperature, the mushroom mass built up serves, among other things, aerobic bacteria as a food base.
• the rent Due to the excess of water (up to 65% by volume), the rent creates a warm and humid climate very quickly, in which even stubborn permanent spore forms and seeds swell and germinate willingly. When germinated, they are safely killed above 53 ° C by clotting their protein.
• the types of fungus dominating in the degradation and conversion phase also make a significant contribution to the hygiene of the organic substances.
• antibiotics By releasing specific bacterial toxins into the surrounding damp solution, e.g. from Penicillium - the brush mold -, Penicillium notatum, Penicillium chrysogonum and other species, antibiotics are released into the wet environment, which inhibit or even actively suppress or dissolve the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
• an effective hygienization effect is still maintained, which prevents renewed infections, e.g. safely suppressed by approach during the transfer process.
• the temperatures in the so-called post-board table rent rise again to values of up to 65 ° C.
• This temperature range above 50 ° C is important for the degradation of lignins, peptins, resins and oils that are in the organic starting material.
• the main reason for realizing the table rent is that the previously unhygienized outer layer of approx. 16% by volume of the total rent is brought into the interior of the new rent by temperatures of - 53 ° C to hyginize.
• Vegetable green waste such as long grass, leaves, lawn clippings, branches, pruning, flowers, harvest residues, tree trunks, tree roots, cemetery waste, are preferably used as the organic starting raw materials.
• the above-mentioned raw materials can be made of shreds, grinding residues from mills in the form of bowls of oil fruits, pomace, beer sludge, consisting of diatomaceous earth, yeast and malt residues, coconut fibers, bark and chips from the wood and paper industry, cutting residues from natural sponge production, Leaves and stems from the canning industry, potato skins and leaf residues from sauerkraut production are added as additives and mixed with the aforementioned organic waste materials.
• the starting materials are adjusted to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 80: 1 to at most 100: 1 by appropriate mixing and comminution in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, ie digestion.
• the rotable table rents should be at least 15 m wide, preferably 17, at least 25 m long, but at most 2.8 m high. This not only achieves an optimized use of space, but above all minimizes the free, relatively inactive surface of the rent.
• the total volume preferably filled up is at least 1200 .3, which after a short time compresses to a maximum height of 2.8 m. tet.
• the ideal ratio in the table rent of the mass to air, to water is 2: 1: 1, whereby the thickness of the free inactive surface of the table rent at 0.25 cm is a maximum of 16% of the total volume.
• the water of the table rent which exceeds a maximum of 65 vol.%, Is drained downwards via a drain, provided it does not evaporate on its own.
• the temperature above 53 ° C which is essential for the hygiene of the table rental, is preferably set over approximately 15 to 20 days. After the temperature has dropped, the table rental is converted to a post-rotting table rental, for the moistening of which water to 50 to 65 vol.% Water content is used the water previously drawn from the original or another first table rental. The reuse of the water has the effect that the microorganisms in the water give rise to a renewed, very even vaccination.
• the post-rotting table rent temperatures of preferably more than 55 ° C.
• the post-rotting table rent is screened to a maximum particle size of 10 mm after a total of 66 to 70 days, measured from the time the (first) table rent was built up.
• the carbon-nitrogen ratio before sieving is less than 25: 1.
• the sieve overflow resulting in different amounts depending on the sieve hole size is freed from the non-composable substances, such as plastics or stones, and during the comminution, the starting material depends on the carbon-nitrogen ratio as inoculation and structure. Tur material added again. This is particularly recommended in the summer months, as large quantities of low-structural monomaterials, such as long grass, are produced during these months.
• the sieve overflow reaches a maximum value of 18 vol.% When screening particles larger than 10 mm.
• the rotting device according to the invention for purely aerobic composting is particularly suitable in addition to the substances mentioned at the outset for fermentation residues of all kinds, cardboard, paper and other cellulose, as well as lignin, resin, wax and protein-containing substances.
• oils and fats of animal and vegetable origin can also be processed on the rotting device according to the invention, the essential feature of which is provided by drainage in conjunction with targeted irrigation (sprinkling) without forced ventilation, rotting boxes, slotted plates or air ducts being incorporated into the table rental have to be pulled.
• the rotting device can be set up at practically any location, including filled landfill areas, and has the advantage that it is approved by the responsible authorities for water protection zones up to III / A.
• the work provided for setting up the rotting device can be carried out without great effort; the rotting apparatus described in claims 16 to 38 is described on the basis of this work.
• the soil is excavated to a depth of approximately 80 cm and prepared in accordance with the drainage gradient desired later in the direction of a drain.
• the entire excavated base area is pressed off in a different working direction by means of a heavy vibrating plate.
• the basis of the rotting device is preferably a 10 cm thick layer of sand created with a corresponding drainage slope, consisting of stone-free, loamy sand that has been drawn in, compacted and prepared to form a subgrade.
• each grid area created after filling the "tub" described later represents a table rental space and has a drain.
• Each of the drains created in this way is preferably connected to a collecting shaft located outside the trough.
• a 2 mm thick EBC film according to DIN 1632 is drawn over the entire surface, which is pulled up in the edge areas up to the upper edge of the intended finished height, so that a completely sealed trough is created overall.
• a network of suction cups with a 0.5% gradient and collectors with a 2% gradient are installed on the film surface in accordance with the drainage gradient, the collectors ending in a collecting shaft which is assigned to the respective rented area and is outside the rotten plate .
• This collecting shaft serves as a temporary store for such water, which has leaked through the table rental and which can later be used again for sprinkling the post-rotting.
• a layer consisting of a mixture of 16 mm grain, cement and water is then applied to the 10 cm thick sand layer instead of the last-mentioned 45 cm base layer consisting of limestone gravel, followed by a plastic grid for the purpose interception of material stresses is relocated.
• This plastic grid or a corresponding plastic mat serves as a base for a further 10 cm thick layer made of the same aforementioned mixing material.
• This layering is then compacted with a bar vibrator and then smoothed out. After a setting time of one week, the area is passable.
• the special feature of this layering is also the full permeability to water and air, the surface of the device being able to be cleaned with a sweeper without fine particles being able to clog the pores of the surface.
• the rotting device not only enables targeted process parameter monitoring by means of sensors in the rents, but also a collection of the water in the rotting device, which seeps through the panel rental and can then be analyzed in each case.
• FIG. 3 is a top view of a rotting device for several table rents
• FIG. 5 shows a section along the line BB in FIG. 3,
• Fig. 6 shows a section through a rotting device with an alternative structure
• FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of the method according to the invention.
• the table rental 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a width of 17 m, a height of 2.8 m and a length of 25 m.
• the cross-section is trapezoidal, the side flanks being inclined at an angle Gt of 45 ° to the horizontal.
• the flank width in the vertical projection is approx. 3 m. Since the table rental in question is outdoors, it is exposed to precipitation on site, the water entering the table rental partly evaporating again, partly wetting and moistening the material, while the remaining water seeps down through a drainage 11, where it can be collected, for example, in a collecting basin 12.
• the moisture content of the table rent 10 is set to 60% by volume, based on the total mass, with missing liquid being added via a sprinkler system (not shown).
• the free inactive surface 13 of the table rent has a thickness of approximately 25 cm, which accounts for approximately 16% of the total volume.
• the distribution of the total panel rent mass to the air is 2: 1, the ratio of the water vapor contained in the panel rent to the air is 1: 1.
• the entire fermentation is complete after about 66 to 70 days, and the permanent humus can be sieved off after reducing the water content to about 22%.
• the table rents are built on the rotting devices shown in FIGS. 3 to 6.
• the rotting device shown in FIG. 3 has four adjacent table rental spaces 10 separated by respective water barriers 18, which are each drawn through by horizontally drawn suction cups 14 with a 5 cm tube diameter at an equidistant distance, these suction cups 14 having a gradient of 0.5 % the seeped water to vertically arranged collectors 15 with a gradient of 2% and a pipe diameter of 10 cm. These collectors open into a respective collecting shaft 12 with a diameter of 80 cm, which is connected to the sprinkler system (not shown) via a pump.
• the leaked water located in the collecting shaft can thus be used for renewed or additional moistening of a table rental 10 or a post-rotting table rental.
• the table rental spaces of a respective width of 17 m and a length of 25 m are surrounded by a paved bypass 16, which is delimited from the table rental spaces by grass pavers 17.
• the paved bypass 16 is about 5 m wide.
• the rotting device has the following structure: on an approximately 10 cm thick stone-free, layer-wise loamy sand layer 19 Dome-shaped water barriers 18 are arranged, each consisting of 8/20 curbs 20 which are embedded in concrete.
• the height of the water barriers 18 is approximately 30 cm.
• the rotting device is lined with a 2 mm thick protective film 22, the protective film 22 being pulled up in the edge region up to the upper edge determined by the bypass 16.
• the protective film 22 is impermeable to liquids.
• a collector 15 arranged with a tube diameter of 10 cm, to which the water collected in each case at the bottom above the film 22 is fed via suction 14 with a tube diameter of 5 cm.
• a layer 23 of gravel of grain size 16/32 is arranged on the film with a thickness of 15 cm, which is covered at the top by a plastic fleece 24 with a tensile strength of 300 g / m-2.
• a further layer of sand 25 of about 10 cm thickness is arranged above this plastic fleece 24, the upper edge of which, however, ends below the upper edge of the water barriers 18.
• the trough determined by the film 22 is filled up with a limestone ballast layer 26 with a thickness of 45 m.
• a limestone ballast layer 26 instead of the limestone gravel layer 26, a mixture of einkorn the size of 16 mm, cement and water can also be arranged.
• grass pavers 27 are embedded in a mortar bed 28, the mortar bed 28 being underpinned by gravel 29.
• the width of this Rasengitter ⁇ fixture is 40 cm.
• the rotting device is delimited on the side by curbs 8/20 - see 30 - embedded in concrete B 100, which is followed by a bypass 16, 5 m wide, stored in a ballast substructure.
• the layer sequence is located below the bypass 16: loamy sand 31, gravel 32 as a "cleanliness layer”, a ballast base 33 and an approximately 3 cm deep sand bed 34, on which the double-T bypass 16 rests.
• the collector 15 opens into an inlet basin 35 which has a diameter of 50 cm and a drain 36 which opens into a collecting shaft 12 with a diameter of 80 cm.
• the collecting shaft 12 is covered at the top with a cover 37 that can be driven over and is located in the area of the bypass 16.
• the inlet basin 35 essentially consists of a concrete pipe 38 which is mounted on a concrete ring 39 and has a centrally arranged drain pipe 40.
• the inlet basin 35 is covered by a cover 41 which can be driven over as far as possible.
• FIG. 6 An alternative construction of the rotting device can be seen in FIG. 6.
• This structure differs in that above the 15 cm thick layer 23 of gravel of grain size 16/32, a layer 25 of sand and two layers 42, 43 single grain mixture 16 mm of a respective thickness of 10 cm are applied, between which one Plastic mat 44 is as reinforcement.
• a mixture of einkorn of size 8 to 16 mm, cement and water that is permeable to water can also be applied.
• the process sequence can be seen in the flow diagram according to FIG. 7.
• the organic green waste collected for example, by collections from house to house, such as long grass, leaves, grass clippings, branches, woody pruning, flowers, harvest residues, tree trunks, tree roots, cemetery waste, but also other organic substances of the commercial economy, together with those in any Storage raw materials mixed, additives such as, for example, shavings, grinding residues from mills, such as shells of oil fruits, pomace, beer sludge, coconut fibers, bark and chips from the wood and paper industry, cutting residues from natural sponge production, leaves and Stains from the canning industry, potato peels from the potato processing industry and leaf residues from sauerkraut production are added.
• additives such as, for example, shavings, grinding residues from mills, such as shells of oil fruits, pomace, beer sludge, coconut fibers, bark and chips from the wood and paper industry, cutting residues from natural sponge production, leaves and Stains from the canning industry, potato peels from the potato processing industry
• This mixture is broken up by tearing and whipping in the longitudinal direction of the fiber and piled up to a table rent after adding water.
• four table rents known as pre-rotting, are heaped up, the pH of which is adjusted to 8.5 to 9 and their water content set to 60% by volume.
• the pre-rotting process which is determined by the time of conversion marked in terms of temperature in FIG. 2, is completed four to six weeks.
• the pre-rotting is shifted, again resulting in mixing and shredding of the sheet material.
• the layered sheet material is referred to as post-rotting, the percolating juice of which can be used in each case in a recycling manner for sprinkling the post-rotting.
• the moisture content is reduced to 22%, and the humus formed can be bagged and sold after sieving.
• the foreign substances resulting from the screening are collected and sent to a landfill approved for this purpose.
• the overflow consisting of organic substances, which occurs when sieving, is recycled and fed to renewed comminution and mixing.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

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• 1989
  • 1989-09-01 DE DE19893929075 patent/DE3929075A1/de active Granted
• 1990
  • 1990-08-10 WO PCT/DE1990/000623 patent/WO1991003441A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-08-10 EP EP90912017A patent/EP0441921A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-08-29 DD DD90343697A patent/DD297392A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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