EP0440839B2 - Arrangement to prevent uncontrolled movement of elevators - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrangement to prevent uncontrolled acceleration of a car or other load carrier of elevator installations, with a counterweight attached via ropes, at least one guide rail (12) for the car (10), a speed limiter (36) acting on an actuating rope (30) running with the car, and a first brake device (16) which is set up for descending travel and has a clasp body, arranged on the car and enclosing the guide rail (12) from opposite sides, as well as a catch element (21) which can be actuated by the speed limiter (36) and interacts with the clasp body (18, 18a). In order to also brake uncontrolled car acceleration in the ascending direction at little cost and in a comfortable manner for the passenger in adaptation to valid safety regulations, a second brake device (14) is arranged on the car (10). The second brake device (14) has the same construction as a brake device acting in the descending direction and acts on the same guide rail (12), in which arrangement the second brake device, responding during ascending travel, is fitted in the opposite position to the first brake device, and both brake devices can be actuated via the same actuating rope (30) and the same speed limiter (36) by means of transmission elements (24, 25), connected between actuating rope and the respective catch element, for the directions allocated to them. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for preventing uncontrolled accelerations or movements a car or the like load carrier of elevator or conveyor systems, with an over Ropes attached counterweight, at least one guide rail for the car, one on one with the Speed limiter acting in the car with the operating cable, and with in opposite directions Position arranged first and second braking devices, the first of which when driving upwards and the second responds when driving downhill, with each braking device on each side of the guide rail assigned support bearings attached to the car and one interacting with the support bearings, has catch element which can be triggered by transmission means controlled by the actuating cable.

In a device of the type mentioned at the beginning of DE-A-805 782, there is a catch element the braking unit, which responds to downward and upward movements, is a double-acting eccentric in the Form an acute-angled circular sector provided, which is rounded at the tapered end and in a pan is mounted and on its circumference adjacent to the guide rail on both sides of a straight central part each has an angled braking surface symmetrically. On the opposite side of the eccentric Guide rail is arranged an abutment, which is supported adjustable by leaf springs. The trigger of the catching element takes place via an operating cable controlled by the speed controller as well as a lever linkage connected to the eccentric.

In this known brake unit it is to be regarded as disadvantageous that it drives upwards or downwards applies the same braking force, although different for proper and safe use Braking forces must be available. In fact, decelerating requires downward braking moving car e.g. with its full load and torn ropes much larger Braking forces than are necessary to slow down trips in the upward direction, the car in the event of drive control failure only due to the weight difference between the counterweight and the car is accelerated. By adjusting the spring force of the abutment of the known device could to bring the braking force to a lower value appropriate for ascending movements; however, that would be Brake unit that is equally effective in both directions of travel then for descents, for which a 3 to 4 times greater braking power is no longer necessary. Conversely, would the abutment on the the braking force required for downhill driving remained the necessary and officially prescribed Safety requirements for ascents not met; rather would be because of the order Multiple excessive delays in the upward direction of transported goods, for example liquids in open containers, sensitive objects, or people at high risk.

From DE-U-87 14 860 is a kit with elevators on both sides, acting up and down Known braking devices that can be moved in unprocessed guide rails and with replaceable Wear parts are provided. The braking devices arranged on opposite sides of a car each contain a cylindrical receptacle body that is fixed to the car and has two positions its circumference on the concave side facing the car of angle profile guide rails supported in the shaft abuts and between the two contact areas a tapering the receiving body to the center Has incision for receiving a brake wedge. The brake wedge adapted to the rail profile is inside the incision of the receiving body by means of a speed limiter controlled Articulated lever for applying and releasing the brake vertically movable. This known proposal adhere to fundamental disadvantages, taking into account the applicable building and safety regulations an application with rope-driven lifts in conventional shaft constructions impossible do. They result from the fact that the forces exerted by the braking devices are outward act on the guide rails supported on both sides of the car on the shaft wall. There those in the car e.g. Braking forces absorbed by the receiving bodies in a crossmember installed there and the activated brake wedges from outside to the guide rail and into the Shaft walls must be removed, those that occur when braking a larger load Wedge forces become so great that the internal strength of the building is no longer sufficient, so that the Lift system and / or the building are permanently damaged.

The invention has set itself the task of a device of the type mentioned to design that in compliance with the applicable safety regulations and approval conditions uncontrolled Car accelerations or movements in the upward direction on the car itself are inexpensive and can be comfortably decelerated or slowed down for the passenger in order to endanger people and to avoid damage to things.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes that both braking devices with respect their braking force are independently adjustable.

This proposal is advantageous in that it brakes the car from uncontrolled accelerations two braking devices are used for both downward and upward travel can correspond to the already tested braking devices approved for downhill driving, so that an additional test and approval of the braking device responding when driving uphill is unnecessary. This advantage is particularly important when retrofitting existing elevator systems is often necessary, whose cars are only equipped with braking devices that respond in a downward direction are.

Both for new buildings and when retrofitting elevator systems can therefore be used for both braking devices the same speed limiter and the same operating cable can be used. Both Braking devices are installed in the opposite position to each other and grip the same guide rail on. Due to the independent adjustability of the braking forces of both braking devices is a standard available braking device designed for downhill driving when used for uphill driving is used, in accordance with the applicable safety regulations to significantly lower braking forces so adjustable that the goods or people carried in the car are safe or comfortable can be slowed down.

In an embodiment which is preferably used for retrofitting existing elevator systems In the device according to the invention, the second braking device has the same structure as the first braking device on.

The braking process is triggered by the speed limiter, which blocks the operating cable holds on. When braking in the downward direction, the speed limiter is blocked resulting holding force is passed on to the braking device via a rope, while the When braking in the upward direction, the holding force initially arises over the other rope strand the pulley is guided at the lower end of the shaft, which often together with a tensioning weight Tensioning device for the actuating rope forms. The actuating force exerted on the catch element is therefore in speed limiters, this force by friction of the operating cable in a groove of their Generate sheave in the downward direction of the car much larger than in the upward direction. So that there is sufficient actuation force on the braking device even in the upward direction Is available, you can increase the tension weight acting on the lower pulley. To the with To avoid an increase in the tensioning weight incurred in one embodiment of the invention proposed in the short cable of the operating cable between the speed limiter and Braking devices maintain the rope tension through a soft spring element. If the size the spring force of the spring element approximately the cable tension occurring in the long cable pull of the actuating cable corresponds when the speed limiter responds in the upward or downward direction of the car same cable tensile forces for actuating the respective braking device Available.

According to another proposal, the axis of the lower pulley can over the upper speed limiter guided actuating rope can be assigned a switchable locking device, the movements the pulley towards the speed limiter prevents it from being maintained the cable tension when the car brakes in the upward direction of travel, a non-delayed triggering the braking device and to ensure an evenly available actuating force.

In an embodiment of the device according to the invention it is proposed that the support bearing of each braking device from pliers arms one attached to the car, the guide rail from opposite Side comprehensive pliers body exist, and that the catch element interacting with the support bearings be designed as a wedge, the wedge surface on a complementary inclined wedge surface associated gun arm is slidably supported. These measures allow space-saving Construction. The catch wedge lies on the guide rail with a large braking surface facing away from its wedge side on. Such wedges are easy to machine and adjust due to their flat surfaces. Furthermore the braking force can be transferred more favorably to the rail than when a catch element rotates with eccentric braking surface.

It is also proposed that each catch wedge has a stop device at an angled end section e.g. has an adjusting screw to limit its maximum actuation path. With help The adjusting screw can be the different braking forces on the up and down acting Adjust brake devices independently of each other.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, both braking devices can have a common one Catch body can be assigned to the operating cable via a single operating lever is coupled and has oppositely inclined wedge surfaces on the complementary counter surfaces the caliper arms of the respective braking device are supported.

In any case, the same starting conditions for braking the car in the upward or downward direction to provide, it is proposed that the dead weight of the wedge or the attached Transmission elements that are movable for braking in the direction of gravity, by spring force canceled or largely balanced. - It is also proposed that the speed limiter in addition to triggering at overspeed even at any lower speed can be triggered to a standstill.

Fig. 1

eine vereinfacht dargestellte Seitenansicht eines über einen oberen Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzer und eine untere Spanneinrichtung geführten Betätigungsseils und zweier entgegengesetztangeordneter Fangvorrichtungen am gleichen Fahrkorb,

Fig. 2

eine Variante der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 mit einer zusätzlichen Verriegelungsvorrichtung für das untere Spanngewicht und einem in das Betätigungsseil eingefügten Federelement,

Fig. 3

eine bezüglich Fig. 1 abgeänderte Ausführungsform einer kombinierten, nach oben und unten wirkenden Fangvorrichtung und

Fig. 4

eine Variante der nach oben und unten wirkenden Fangvorrichtung aus Fig. 3.

Embodiments of the device according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Each shows schematically:

Fig. 1

2 shows a simplified side view of an actuating cable guided over an upper speed limiter and a lower tensioning device and two safety devices arranged in opposite directions on the same car,

Fig. 2

1 with an additional locking device for the lower tensioning weight and a spring element inserted into the operating cable,

Fig. 3

a modified with respect to FIG. 1 embodiment of a combined, up and down acting safety gear and

Fig. 4

a variant of the up and down acting safety device from Fig. 3rd

According to FIG. 1, a car 10 of an elevator system is shown schematically with broken lines its upward or downward movements indicated by arrows. The general trajectory the car is predetermined by at least one vertical guide rail 12. Farther 1, upper catch pliers 14 and lower catch pliers 16 are provided on the car, which form a combined safety gear and after uncontrolled accelerations of the car can be brought into braking or engagement with the guide rail 12 above or below.

Each gripper 14, 16 consists of one attached to the car and the guide rail 12 of two Side pliers body with the pliers arms 17, 17a and 18, 18a and from between one pliers arm 17 or 18 and the guide rail 12 slidably held catch 20, 21. An One end of each catch wedge, preferably by means of an articulated intermediate piece 22, 23 to an actuating lever 24, 25 connected, which is held pivotably at point 26 or 27 on the car 10. Parallel to the car path is an actuating cable 30 for the two tongs 14, 16 formed Car brake device provided.

The vertical operating cable 30 is via a pulley 32 at the upper end 34 of the Elevator shaft arranged speed limiter 36 guided, which is capable of impermissible speeds or accelerations both when the car is moving upwards and downwards Detect in order to then brake the actuating cable 30 via the frictional connection between the cable and the pulley 32. To improve the frictional connection between rope pulley 32 and rope 30 when the car is moving upwards a tensioning weight 40 is attached to the lower deflection roller 38.

For coupling the actuating cable 30 to the respective actuating arm 24, 25 of the gripping pliers 14, 16 suitable drivers 42, 42a are fastened to the actuating cable 30, which are stopped by stopping the speed limiter generated relative movement between the car 10 and the operating cable 30 the respective upper or lower pliers 14 or 16 to respond, d. H. to exercise their braking effect. If the speed of a car 10 traveling upwards exceeds the set as permissible Limit value, the upward running strand of the operating cable is over the speed limiter 36 30 stopped. The upper driver 42 holds the actuating lever 24 attached to the car 10 the pliers 14 fixed, which consequently pivoted about its pivot point 26 in the counterclockwise direction and the Catch 20 pulls for braking intervention against the guide rail 12.

Should the downward movement of the car 10 z. B. stopped due to excessive speed, after the speed limiter 36 responds via the continuous operating cable 30 and its driver 42a, the lower actuating lever pivoting clockwise about the pivot point 27 25 causes the wedge 21 of the pliers 16 to brake against the guide rail 12 to the system bring to. Stop devices are located on angled end sections 44 of the catching wedges 20, 21 46, e.g. B. Set screws to limit the maximum actuation path of the safety wedge.

In Fig. 2 is a variant of the previously described embodiment in the rope piece of the operating cable 30 between the end coming from the pulley 32 of the upper speed limiter 36 on the one hand and an actuating lever 50 of a safety device, not shown, a schematically shown Inserted spring element 52. The size of the spring force of the spring element 52 corresponds approximately to that of the lower deflection roller 38 and the weight force possibly exerted on it, so that when the speed limiter 36 is triggered in the upward and downward direction of travel Car the same cable pulling forces to operate the respective safety gear. Of the Actuating lever 50 in FIG. 2 is used to actuate one described below in connection with FIG. 3 or 4, Combined safety gear effective in both directions.

On the deflection roller 38 or on the one carrying the tensioning weight 40, on the axis of the deflection roller 38 stored suspension bracket 54 is an extension 56 with a fixed locking device 58 interacts. The extension 56 of the suspension bracket movable in a guide 64 of the locking device 58 58 carries a locking toothing 59, into which a locking member biased by a spring 60 62 engages around the deflection roller 38 in an undesirable upward movement and thus reduction in to prevent brake actuation force exerted via the actuation cable 30 when the upward movement Car should be stopped via the safety gear. The locking device 58 can be constructed in such a way that that the engagement between locking member 62 and locking toothing 59 is maintained continuously or only then or is produced when the car is moving upwards or when the speed limiter is moving upwards moving car triggers.

In Fig. 3, a combined safety gear 70 is shown schematically, the uncontrolled accelerations or movements of a car moving up or down are triggered can be. As in Fig. 1, the car is through the two tongs body attached to it with the Pliers arms 17, 17a and 18, 18a defined, which are arranged on both sides of the common guide rail 12 are. Both pliers bodies are assigned a common catch wedge 72, which is articulated at 68 and at point 74 on the car pivotally mounted operating lever 50 according to one or shifted in another direction and in cooperation with the respective pliers body against the guide rail 12 is brought into braking engagement when the driver 42 or 42a on the operating cable 30 pivot the lever 50. The combined catch wedge 72 carries wedge surfaces 76, 78 which correspond to the corresponding ones Counter surfaces of the gun arms 17 and 18 are in sliding engagement. By means of a spring 80 the weight and the mass force of the combined that occurs when the car is approached Catch 72 substantially balanced. Of course, this balance of forces can also be applied to others Are carried out e.g. B. on the operating lever 50.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 there is only one catch wedge body for both directions of travel of the car 82 and a tong body with the tong arms 84, 84a are provided, the tong arm 84 on two sides inclined wedge surfaces, which - depending on the direction of movement of the car - with complementary inclined wedge surfaces of the common catch wedge 82 come into engagement. The catch wedge 82 is over a articulated intermediate member 88 connected to the actuating lever 50 pivotally mounted on the car. As before, a spring 80 balances the weight and the initial acceleration forces of the combined catch wedge 82, so that this with up or down travel of the car approximately the same actuation forces and temporal response to engage the guide rail can be.

Claims (8)

1. Device for preventing uncontrolled accclerations or movements of a cage or similar load carriers of elevator or conveying equipments, comprising a cable-suspended counterweight, at least one guide rail (12) for the cage (10), a speed-limiting device acting on an actuating cable (30) following the cage, and first and second braking appliances (14, 16 respectively), each comprising the same structure, and disposed in opposite position to each other, the first one of which acting during upward and the second one acting during downward movements, each braking appliance (14, 16, 70) having supports secured to the cage and assigned to each side of the guide rail (12), and also one catching element (20, 21, respectively) acting together with the supports (17, 17a, 18, 18a) and adapted for being released by transmission means controlled by the actuating cable (30), characterized in that both braking appliances (14, 16) are adjustable independently from each other with respect to their braking force.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable tension in the short cable line of the actuating cable (30) between the speed-limiting device (36) and the braking appliances (14, 16) is maintained by a spring element (52).
3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an engagable blocking device (58) is assigned to the axle of the lower guide pulley (38) of the actuating cable (30) leading around the upper speed-limiting device (36), which blocking device prevents movements of the guide pulley (38) towards the speed-limiting device (36).
4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supports of each braking appliance consist of tong arms (17, 17a and 18, 18a, respectively) of a tong body (14, 16) secured to the cage (10) and embracing the guide rail (12) on opposite sides, and in that the catching element cooperating with the supports is designed as catching wedge (20, 21), the wedge surface of which is displaceably supported by a complementarily inclined wedge surface of an assigned tong arm (17, 18, respectively).
5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each catching wedge (20, 21) on an angular end portion (44) thereof presents a stop, e.g. an adjusting screw (46), for limiting maximum actuation path of the wedge.
6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to both braking appliances (14, 16) is associated acommon catching wedge member (72), which is coupled to the actuating cable (30) by a single actuating lever (50) and presents oppositely inclined wedge surfaces (76, 78), which are supported by the complementary counter surfaces of the tong arms (17, 18) of the respective braking appliance (14, 16).
7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deadweight of the catching wedge (20; 72; 82) and the transmission elements (50; 24) suspended therefrom, which for braking are moveable substantially towards the direction of gravity, is annulled or extensively compensated by spring force (80).
8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the speed-limiting device (36) additionally to being releasable at overspeed, is also adapted to be released at any lower speed down to standstill.

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