EP0438971A1 - Substrat métallique revêtu - Google Patents
Substrat métallique revêtu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0438971A1 EP0438971A1 EP90810867A EP90810867A EP0438971A1 EP 0438971 A1 EP0438971 A1 EP 0438971A1 EP 90810867 A EP90810867 A EP 90810867A EP 90810867 A EP90810867 A EP 90810867A EP 0438971 A1 EP0438971 A1 EP 0438971A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protective layer
- substrate
- layer
- hardness
- minimum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019932 CrNiMo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010290 vacuum plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a protective layer for a metallic substrate, which is particularly effective against corrosion, erosion and wear.
- the protective layer is characterized by (in% by mass):
- sigma phase the proportion of which is at least 5% by volume in order to achieve the required minimum hardness, and by its high chromium (or chromium and molybdenum) content.
- the sigma phase contains approximately 55% iron and 45% chromium; it is characterized by high hardness and very low plastic deformability.
- too other phases such as Chi, Alpha-prime and Gamma-prime, and excretions, such as carbides and nitrides, contribute to the increased hardness.
- a method for producing the new protective layer is characterized in that the layer material is melted together with the surface of the substrate to be coated using a thermal melting process and is cooled to a minimum cooling rate of 100 K / sec to at least 500 ° C., a metallurgically bound protective layer with a hardness of less than 500 HV0.1, and that this protective layer is then heat-treated in a temperature range of 500 - 950 ° C until the hardness is at least 800 HV0.1.
- the proportion of the sigma phase in the structure is increased; this can advantageously be, for example, at least 50% by volume.
- the layer material is blown into the melt bath as a powder through a nozzle, the layer material being remelted at the same time and metallurgically bonded to the substrate;
- the layer material can also be supplied as a rod or wire.
- precoat the substrate with the layer material and then to connect the two materials to one another metallurgically by remelting.
- the precoating is advantageously carried out galvanically or by a thermal spray process, such as, for example, vacuum plasma spraying CVD or PVD.
- a thermal spray process such as, for example, vacuum plasma spraying CVD or PVD.
- the melting and remelting can be carried out, for example, with a laser beam or an arc.
- a laser beam or an arc With pre-coated substrates, it is also possible to use an electron beam as the energy source for the melting.
- the substrate can optionally be preheated before the precoating and / or before the melting process.
- the heat treatment to form the sigma phase is carried out at about 700 ° C. for at least six hours.
- a substrate made of carbon steel St 37 is to be coated with a layer 0.15 to 0.2 mm thick, which contains about 45% chromium in addition to iron.
- the surface of the substrate to be coated is first degreased and galvanically coated with an approximately 80 ⁇ m thick coating of pure chrome.
- the galvanically chrome-plated substrate is then subjected to a heat treatment in air at about 200 ° C. for 4 to 6 hours.
- the protective layer is produced by remelting the chrome-plated surface using a laser beam.
- a laser beam with a power of 1500 W and a beam diameter on the surface to be remelted of 1.23 mm - which results in a power density of 1260 W / mm2 - is row by row under a helium protective gas atmosphere with a lateral offset of 0.2 mm per line performed in three passes over the surface of the chromium-plated substrate to be remelted, the feed speeds being 1900, 1500 and 1000 mm / min; from this, exposure times of 31, 39 and 58 ms can be calculated, which in this case results in a cooling rate of at least 2000 K / sec given the total mass of the substrate used and its thermal conductivity.
- the multiple melting serves the purpose of the protective layer metallurgically bonded to the substrate by the melting, which after the melting has the required composition of about 45% chromium and 55% iron in addition has low proportions of carbon, silicon, manganese and other trace elements from the steel St37.
- the layer After the laser treatment, the layer has an intermediate hardness of HV0.1 240-260 and its structure contains no sigma phase.
- a partial transformation of the structure into a sigma phase is achieved by a subsequent heat treatment, which is carried out in an oven in air at about 700 ° C. for about 12 hours, with neither the heating rate nor the cooling rate being critical parameters; it is only necessary to ensure that the necessary holding time at the treatment temperature is observed.
- the protective layer has proven to be particularly resistant to corrosion, which is evidenced by corrosion tests in 5% NaCl, whereby the resistance to local forms of corrosion (pitting or crevice corrosion) after heat treatment is better than that of austenitic stainless steel DIN 1.4435 (X2 CrNiMo 18 12. AISI 316L); the critical pitting temperatures determined were for a Fe-44% Cr heat-treated, laser-remelted protective layer on St 37 or for a 1.4435 stainless steel 16 or 11.5 ° C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT9090810867T ATE105594T1 (de) | 1990-01-22 | 1990-11-12 | Beschichtetes metallisches substrat. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH181/90 | 1990-01-22 | ||
| CH18190 | 1990-01-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0438971A1 true EP0438971A1 (fr) | 1991-07-31 |
| EP0438971B1 EP0438971B1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
Family
ID=4181121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90810867A Expired - Lifetime EP0438971B1 (fr) | 1990-01-22 | 1990-11-12 | Substrat métallique revêtu |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5230755A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0438971B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3065674B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE105594T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE59005683D1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2053163T3 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0542631A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-14 | 1993-05-19 | Xaloy, Inc. | Procédé de réalisation de vis sans fin transporteuses utilisables dans l'industrie de matières plastiques |
| WO1995029274A1 (fr) * | 1994-04-26 | 1995-11-02 | Igenwert Gmbh | Procede permettant d'incorporer une matiere dans la region superficielle d'un corps solide et de la modifier, en particulier la region superficielle d'un materiau |
| DE19740696A1 (de) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung und Bearbeitung metallischer Schichten |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6350326B1 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 2002-02-26 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for practicing a feedback controlled laser induced surface modification |
| DK1045175T3 (da) * | 1999-04-12 | 2007-02-19 | Waertsilae Nsd Schweiz Ag | Pakring |
| US6294225B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2001-09-25 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of material transport trailer surfaces |
| US6299707B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-10-09 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for increasing the wear resistance in an aluminum cylinder bore |
| US6173886B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-01-16 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corportion | Method for joining dissimilar metals or alloys |
| US6497985B2 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-12-24 | University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for marking steel and aluminum alloys |
| US6284067B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2001-09-04 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for producing alloyed bands or strips on pistons for internal combustion engines |
| US6423162B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2002-07-23 | The University Of Tennesse Research Corporation | Method for producing decorative appearing bumper surfaces |
| US6229111B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-08 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for laser/plasma surface alloying |
| US6328026B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2001-12-11 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for increasing wear resistance in an engine cylinder bore and improved automotive engine |
| JP2004342845A (ja) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-12-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 微細構造体の洗浄装置 |
| US20050112399A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-05-26 | Gray Dennis M. | Erosion resistant coatings and methods thereof |
| US7141110B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2006-11-28 | General Electric Company | Erosion resistant coatings and methods thereof |
| US7458358B2 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2008-12-02 | Federal Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Thermal oxidation protective surface for steel pistons |
| JP2013241635A (ja) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-12-05 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | 鉄クロム合金 |
| BR102014016213A2 (pt) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-02-10 | Mahle Int Gmbh | válvula para motores de combustão interna e processo para obtenção de uma válvula |
| CN104894560A (zh) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-09-09 | 苏州统明机械有限公司 | 一种用于金属表面抗氧化性能强的涂层及其制备方法 |
| CN113549915B (zh) * | 2021-06-16 | 2023-01-24 | 太原理工大学 | 一种矿用刮板机齿轨抗磨复合涂层及制备方法 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3187717A (en) * | 1957-06-12 | 1965-06-08 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of coating aluminum |
| FR2166360A1 (fr) * | 1972-01-03 | 1973-08-17 | Schmidt Gmbh Karl | |
| EP0290052A1 (fr) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-09 | Castolin S.A. | Procédé de fabrication de glissière sur pièces de moteurs d'automobile |
| WO1989001534A1 (fr) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-02-23 | Whitford Plastics Limited | Metallisation a chaud d'acier inoxydable |
| WO1989010433A1 (fr) * | 1988-04-23 | 1989-11-02 | Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh | Materiau stratifie ou piece stratifiee comprenant une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, appliquee sur une couche de support |
| DE3821896A1 (de) * | 1988-06-25 | 1989-12-28 | Castolin Sa | Pulverfoermiger metallhaltiger werkstoff und verfahren dazu |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU63431A1 (fr) * | 1971-06-29 | 1973-01-22 | ||
| US4015100A (en) * | 1974-01-07 | 1977-03-29 | Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc. | Surface modification |
| US4212900A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-07-15 | Serlin Richard A | Surface alloying method and apparatus using high energy beam |
| US4451299A (en) * | 1982-09-22 | 1984-05-29 | United Technologies Corporation | High temperature coatings by surface melting |
| JPS63109151A (ja) * | 1986-10-27 | 1988-05-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 高硬度複合材およびその製造方法 |
| JPH01319658A (ja) * | 1988-06-20 | 1989-12-25 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | チタン製品の表面硬化方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-11-12 DE DE59005683T patent/DE59005683D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-12 EP EP90810867A patent/EP0438971B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-12 AT AT9090810867T patent/ATE105594T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-12 ES ES90810867T patent/ES2053163T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-15 US US07/641,603 patent/US5230755A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-21 JP JP3005106A patent/JP3065674B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3187717A (en) * | 1957-06-12 | 1965-06-08 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of coating aluminum |
| FR2166360A1 (fr) * | 1972-01-03 | 1973-08-17 | Schmidt Gmbh Karl | |
| EP0290052A1 (fr) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-09 | Castolin S.A. | Procédé de fabrication de glissière sur pièces de moteurs d'automobile |
| WO1989001534A1 (fr) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-02-23 | Whitford Plastics Limited | Metallisation a chaud d'acier inoxydable |
| WO1989010433A1 (fr) * | 1988-04-23 | 1989-11-02 | Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh | Materiau stratifie ou piece stratifiee comprenant une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, appliquee sur une couche de support |
| DE3821896A1 (de) * | 1988-06-25 | 1989-12-28 | Castolin Sa | Pulverfoermiger metallhaltiger werkstoff und verfahren dazu |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 11, Nr. 106 (C-414)[2553], 3. April 1987; & JP-A-61 253 357 (YOSHIKAWA KOGYO) 11-11-1986 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 11, Nr. 18 (C-398)[2465], 17. Januar 1987; & JP-A-61 194 152 (TOYOTA MOTOR CORP.) 28-08-1986 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 11, Nr. 259 (C-441)[2706], 21. August 1987; & JP-A-62 60 855 (TOYOTA MOTOR CORP.) 17-03-1987 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 11, Nr. 43 (C-402)[2490], 7. Februar 1987; & JP-A-61 207 565 (NIPPON STEEL CORP.) 13-09-1986 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 6, Nr. 78 (C-102)[956], 15. Mai 1982; & JP-A-57 13 166 (HITACHI ZOSEN) 23-01-1982 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0542631A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-14 | 1993-05-19 | Xaloy, Inc. | Procédé de réalisation de vis sans fin transporteuses utilisables dans l'industrie de matières plastiques |
| WO1995029274A1 (fr) * | 1994-04-26 | 1995-11-02 | Igenwert Gmbh | Procede permettant d'incorporer une matiere dans la region superficielle d'un corps solide et de la modifier, en particulier la region superficielle d'un materiau |
| DE19740696A1 (de) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung und Bearbeitung metallischer Schichten |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5230755A (en) | 1993-07-27 |
| ATE105594T1 (de) | 1994-05-15 |
| DE59005683D1 (de) | 1994-06-16 |
| JP3065674B2 (ja) | 2000-07-17 |
| ES2053163T3 (es) | 1994-07-16 |
| EP0438971B1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
| JPH04214879A (ja) | 1992-08-05 |
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