EP0424865A2 - Enlèvement des dioxines et furannes - Google Patents
Enlèvement des dioxines et furannes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0424865A2 EP0424865A2 EP19900120277 EP90120277A EP0424865A2 EP 0424865 A2 EP0424865 A2 EP 0424865A2 EP 19900120277 EP19900120277 EP 19900120277 EP 90120277 A EP90120277 A EP 90120277A EP 0424865 A2 EP0424865 A2 EP 0424865A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layers
- dioxins
- furans
- gas stream
- contaminated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
- A62D3/17—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. emitted by a laser
- A62D3/176—Ultraviolet radiations, i.e. radiation having a wavelength of about 3nm to 400nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B15/02—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area using chambers or hoods covering the area
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/28—Organic substances containing oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, i.e. chalcogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for removing dioxins and / or furans from layers near the surface, in particular from surfaces contaminated by fire damage.
- wet cleaning high-pressure hot washing with the addition of a wetting agent
- treatment of the surfaces with solvents such as toluene can be considered according to the prior art. If further cleaning is required, especially for uncoated surfaces, for example metal surfaces, there are no satisfactory results with manual wet cleaning.
- EP-A 0 257 170 discloses a process for the decontamination of surfaces and liquids, in which UV radiation, if appropriate in the presence of hydrogen atoms when using special reagents for reaction with the dioxins and / or furans, namely wetting agents, alcoholates and / or Radical formers, halogenated and polyhalogenated organic compounds are broken down.
- WO 79/00835 describes the dehalogenation of halogenated compounds in solution by means of UV radiation under the action of oxidizing gases such as oxygen, air or ozone as prior art (US Pat. No. 3,977,952), but uses UV radiation in the presence of hydrogen. Gas in the absence of oxidizing agents.
- the object of the present invention is to remove dioxins and / or furans from layers near the surface, in particular in the event of fire.
- dioxins and / or furans are desirable, for example when decontaminating switch cabinets or other machine systems, to keep them in operation during the renovation.
- the object according to the invention is achieved by a method for removing dioxins and / or furans from layers near the surface, the contaminated, solid surfaces optionally being suctioned off dry first, the material to be extracted on one Substrate adsorbed and disposed of, characterized in that the contaminated layers near the surface are isolated from the ambient room air and by passing air and / or an exchange gas over the layers, a gas flow is generated on the layers near the surface, which before or after painting over the layers near the surface is passed over a surface-active adsorbent and the gas stream is exposed to ionizing radiation.
- near-surface layer within the meaning of the invention naturally includes the actual solid surface and in particular the visible solid surface.
- the contaminated layers near the surface can be isolated from the ambient air, for example by partitioning them off with a film, it being possible to generate a gas stream on the contaminated surface which is isolated from the surrounding ambient air.
- the inventive method leads to a reduction in the amount of highly contaminated waste, thereby reducing landfill costs, and the overloaded incineration plants can be relieved.
- Devices for drawing in room air from dioxin-contaminated rooms are known per se.
- the ambient air is adsorbed on a substrate, in particular through a filter system consisting of a prefilter and a special activated carbon filter, and then passed through an ionization stage in which existing gaseous components or aerosols can be split.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for near-surface layers such as floors, wall surfaces, ceilings, building rubble, scrap, soil, means of transport, in particular vehicles or ships, technical systems, electronic devices, machines, transport containers and / or control cabinets. It is not absolutely necessary to switch off the devices which are contaminated by dioxins and / or furans while the method according to the invention is being carried out, since there is no wetness cleaning stage is required, which was previously considered necessary in the prior art. In addition to reducing the concentration of dioxins and / or furans, the typical fire smell that practically always occurs after fire damage is also eliminated.
- the treatment of building rubble can be carried out, for example, in such a way that it is exposed to the gas flow from top to bottom or vice versa on a perforated, air-permeable surface and, if appropriate, is exposed to radiation with artificial UV radiation.
- the method is carried out in a closed system.
- This can be done, for example, by first isolating the contaminated surface from the room air in a control cabinet after opening the doors by inserting a partition with a lock, for example using a cover film, and creating a closed system.
- An air filter device known per se is flanged onto this system with the aid of air ducts or hoses and a gas stream is cyclically circulated in the system with the aid of a fan until the content of dioxins and / or furans is reduced to the desired values.
- the gas flow sweeps over the sometimes difficult to access surfaces of the electrical components of the control cabinet.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the contaminated wall surface (1) is isolated from the ambient air by a sealing film (2).
- the UV lamps (4), (4 ') and (4 ⁇ ) which are not absolutely necessary, as well as tubular air inlet openings (5) and air intake openings (6), to which a filter unit (7) is flanged on, which contains a blower for generating a gas flow, an activated carbon filter and an ionization device.
- the cavity (3) between the wall surface (1) and the film is laterally isolated from the surrounding room air by sealing measures - not shown. After contact with the filter, the gas flow is subjected to ionization and circulated until the decontamination gives acceptable values.
- the gas flow direction can also be set against the direction of the arrow.
- Fig. 2 shows a perspective view along the viewing angle (II) of Fig. 1 and shows that practically the entire wall surface is irradiated by the UV lamps (4), (4 ') and (4 ⁇ ).
- the separation devices (8) and (9) With the help of the separation devices (8) and (9), a system is created that is sealed off from the ambient air.
- FIG 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the filter device (7) to be used according to the invention in a closed system using the example of a control cabinet (10) poses.
- a gas flow is generated along the direction of the arrow, which reaches the ionization stage (14) after contact with the prefilter (12) and then the main filter (13).
- the gas stream is then passed through the post-filter (15).
- the method according to the invention is carried out in a closed system, the gas stream is circulated until the contamination of dioxin and / or furans is reduced to acceptable values.
- FIG. 4 shows a special embodiment of an open system for the removal of dioxins and / or furans according to the present invention.
- the fan (11) generates a gas stream which is passed over the contaminated surfaces and then, after painting over the contaminated surface, reaches the filter unit (7) (not shown), the gas stream passing through a pre-filter (12), a main filter (13) and a subsequent ionization stage (14) is guided. This is followed by a post-filter stage (15).
- the pressure and / or the gas flow rate in the incomplete system can be set as desired by varying the suction power of the blower (16) in conjunction with the blower (11).
- the gas flow is directed against the direction of the arrow. It may be necessary here to reverse the order in the filter unit (7) in order to obtain the order of the prefilter (12), main filter (13), ionization stage (14) and postfilter (15).
- the gas stream is first passed through the prefilter (12) and the main filter (13) in the same manner as above, before the gas stream passes through the ionization stage (14).
- the presence of the post-filter (15) is usually of minor importance.
- the gas flow is directed against the direction of the arrow onto the contaminated surface - not shown - and extracted with the aid of the blower (11).
- One way of creating a closed system is for the gas flow to be introduced and carried out through the ventilation slots in a closed control cabinet.
- immovable objects such as machines
- Foreclosure can take place, for example, through a tent placed over the object to be decontaminated, under which the objects to be treated and any necessary equipment are to be placed. It is possible to remove contaminations inside the machines or systems without the need for a wet treatment which is hazardous to corrosion. It is also possible to create stationary facilities into which objects to be decontaminated are placed.
- the pressure prevailing in the system can be freely selected. This can therefore be lower, equal to or higher than the external air pressure and, of course, can also be varied once or several times during the treatment time of the contaminated surface.
- the gas flow rate In addition to the pressure, it is also possible to set the gas flow rate.
- An increased gas flow rate causes a faster removal of the dioxins and / or furans from the contaminated surfaces to be treated.
- the influence of the temperature of the gas flow and the relative humidity is also of some importance. It is readily possible to carry out the treatment of the surfaces at temperatures which are increased or decreased compared to room temperature.
- the increase in temperature with a simultaneous lowering of the air humidity leads, in particular if the layers near the surface are wetted beforehand because of the good ones Aerosol binding of the dioxins and / or furans so that they are highlighted from deeper layers and brought to the surface. This allows the contamination to be removed beyond the visible surface in the layers near the surface.
- the dioxins and / or furans to be broken down then get into the gas stream by evaporation on the surface.
- activated carbon is particularly preferably used as the surface-active adsorbent.
- filter systems which, for example, consist of a pre-filter, a chemical main filter - in particular specially doped activated carbon of high weight - and a post-filter. While the pre-filter is intended to trap visible particles in the air, the chemical filter reacts with the dioxins or furans and binds these substances.
- activated carbon Variosorb R A is suitable for this.
- the post-filter filters out residual particles and keeps the cleaning stage inside and the blower clean.
- the ionizing radiation acting on the gas stream can be generated by methods known per se. Vacuum UV tubes are particularly suitable.
- the task of the ionization stage in the remediation is to neutralize gas molecules by micro-oxidation by producing energy-charged atoms, for example oxygen atoms, to accelerate the removal and / or the chemical conversion of the dioxins and / or furans into harmless compounds, and thus also the life of the extend chemical filter.
- energy-charged atoms for example oxygen atoms
- the remaining filters can be disposed of in a known manner by catalytic combustion.
- Another embodiment of the present invention consists in exposing the near-surface layers to ultraviolet radiation before, during or after the treatment by the gas stream. From “reports” 5/85, the photo-degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins on a laboratory scale is known in principle, but no degradation could be detected when irradiating 2,3,7,8-TCDD suspended in crystalline form in distilled water.
- liquid non-reactive media for the purposes of the present invention, however, it can be advantageous to apply liquid non-reactive media to the layers near the surface before and / or during the irradiation in the region of room temperature.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the applied non-reactive medium is selected from solvents or preferably non-solvents for dioxins and furans.
- the applied non-reactive medium is selected from solvents or preferably non-solvents for dioxins and furans.
- liquid aliphatic, aromatic-aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, glycols, ethers, glycol ethers, ketones and / or esters can be used as solvents in the region of room temperature will.
- a strongly absorbent substrate there is the possibility that the dioxins and / or furans diffuse into deeper, unreachable layers.
- the application of water to the contaminated surfaces to be treated is particularly preferred, since this prevents the dioxins and furans from penetrating into even deeper layers.
- the liquid, non-reactive media can, for example, be sprayed or painted onto the surfaces before the treatment. Suitable objects can also be immersed directly in the media. In addition, the liquid, non-reactive media can be added to the gas stream.
- dioxins and / or furans can be carried along, for example, as a suspension, solution or aerosol and exposed to the radiation on the surface.
- low-boiling solvents or non-solvents such as alcohols, especially methanol, ethanol, propanols and / or butanols can also be used.
- a wetting agent can also be added to the aforementioned media.
- the task of the wetting agent is, according to the invention, to introduce the solvent and / or the non-solvent for dioxins and furans into the contaminated areas.
- UV radiation in the range from 200 to 280 nm, ie UV-C radiation, is preferably used.
- a decontamination system consisting of a filter unit (7), a vacuum UV radiation source (14) and a blower (11) was flanged onto it via two air channels (5) and (6).
- Variosorb R A activated carbon was used as filter material (13) in a quantity of about 8 kg, 5 IRE tubes in the blow-out stream as ionization stage and a radial fan with a pump capacity of about 1000 m3 / h.
- the contamination determined by wiping test was reduced from 104 ng / m2 of polychlorinated dibenzofurans to 9 ng / m2. This corresponds to an efficiency of 91%.
- the TCDD equivalents were 2.6 ng / m2 before exposure and 0.22 ng / m2 after treatment. Based on the TCDD equivalents, this corresponds to an efficiency of 91%.
- the size of the wall area was 8.2 m2.
- a black plastic film was used as the cover film (2) to enable further work in the contaminated room.
- the contamination determined by means of a wipe test was reduced from 80 ng / m2 of polychlorinated dibenzofurans to 2.8 ng / m2. This corresponds to an efficiency of 96%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3935534 | 1989-10-25 | ||
DE3935534A DE3935534C1 (fr) | 1989-10-25 | 1989-10-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0424865A2 true EP0424865A2 (fr) | 1991-05-02 |
EP0424865A3 EP0424865A3 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
EP0424865B1 EP0424865B1 (fr) | 1994-12-28 |
Family
ID=6392188
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90120277A Expired - Lifetime EP0424865B1 (fr) | 1989-10-25 | 1990-10-23 | Enlèvement des dioxines et furannes |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0424865B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE116142T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3935534C1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0424865T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2068309T3 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4437345A1 (de) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-26 | Svt Brandschutz Vertriebsgesel | Verfahren zur Dekontamination von verunreinigten porösen Werkstoffen und eine Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE19707914A1 (de) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-03 | Babcock Anlagen Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Asche |
CN115646442A (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-31 | 苏州市吴中区固体废弃物处理有限公司 | 一种利用生活垃圾焚烧飞灰制备吸附剂的方法及吸附剂 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5393394A (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1995-02-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method and apparatus for decomposing organic halogen-containing compound |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4287038A (en) * | 1980-05-08 | 1981-09-01 | Uop Inc. | Purification of chlorophenolic derived compounds |
DE3010130A1 (de) * | 1980-03-15 | 1981-09-24 | Walter 7460 Balingen Link | Verfahren und geraet zum reinigen von gegenstaenden und raeumen |
DE8704276U1 (de) * | 1987-03-21 | 1987-08-06 | Harress, Heinz Michael, Dr., 8856 Harburg | Vorrichtung zur Entfernung von halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen aus damit verunreinigten natürlichen Wasservorkommen, dem Boden und/oder der Atmosphäre |
EP0257170A1 (fr) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-02 | SEA MARCONI TECHNOLOGIES S.p.a. | Procédé pour la décomposition chimique rapide de composés organiques halogénés et polyhalogénés, par exemple les biphényles polychlorés, les dibenzofuranes polychlorés et les dibenzodioxins polychlorés, et de la désintoxication des surfaces ou fluides |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4144152A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1979-03-13 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Dehalogenation of halogenated compounds |
-
1989
- 1989-10-25 DE DE3935534A patent/DE3935534C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-10-23 EP EP90120277A patent/EP0424865B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-23 ES ES90120277T patent/ES2068309T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-23 DE DE59008131T patent/DE59008131D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-23 AT AT90120277T patent/ATE116142T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-23 DK DK90120277.0T patent/DK0424865T3/da active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3010130A1 (de) * | 1980-03-15 | 1981-09-24 | Walter 7460 Balingen Link | Verfahren und geraet zum reinigen von gegenstaenden und raeumen |
US4287038A (en) * | 1980-05-08 | 1981-09-01 | Uop Inc. | Purification of chlorophenolic derived compounds |
EP0257170A1 (fr) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-02 | SEA MARCONI TECHNOLOGIES S.p.a. | Procédé pour la décomposition chimique rapide de composés organiques halogénés et polyhalogénés, par exemple les biphényles polychlorés, les dibenzofuranes polychlorés et les dibenzodioxins polychlorés, et de la désintoxication des surfaces ou fluides |
DE8704276U1 (de) * | 1987-03-21 | 1987-08-06 | Harress, Heinz Michael, Dr., 8856 Harburg | Vorrichtung zur Entfernung von halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen aus damit verunreinigten natürlichen Wasservorkommen, dem Boden und/oder der Atmosphäre |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Band 10, 1978, Seiten 97-104, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, NL; A. LIBERTI et al.: "Solar and UV photodecomposition of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-rho-dioxin in the environment" * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4437345A1 (de) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-26 | Svt Brandschutz Vertriebsgesel | Verfahren zur Dekontamination von verunreinigten porösen Werkstoffen und eine Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE19707914A1 (de) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-03 | Babcock Anlagen Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Asche |
CN115646442A (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-31 | 苏州市吴中区固体废弃物处理有限公司 | 一种利用生活垃圾焚烧飞灰制备吸附剂的方法及吸附剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59008131D1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
ATE116142T1 (de) | 1995-01-15 |
DE3935534C1 (fr) | 1991-04-18 |
ES2068309T3 (es) | 1995-04-16 |
EP0424865A3 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
EP0424865B1 (fr) | 1994-12-28 |
DK0424865T3 (da) | 1995-04-03 |
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