EP0422192A1 - Procede pour revetir un recipient metallurgique par un revetement epurant et composition s'y rapportant, et revetement de protection ainsi obtenu. - Google Patents
Procede pour revetir un recipient metallurgique par un revetement epurant et composition s'y rapportant, et revetement de protection ainsi obtenu.Info
- Publication number
- EP0422192A1 EP0422192A1 EP90907138A EP90907138A EP0422192A1 EP 0422192 A1 EP0422192 A1 EP 0422192A1 EP 90907138 A EP90907138 A EP 90907138A EP 90907138 A EP90907138 A EP 90907138A EP 0422192 A1 EP0422192 A1 EP 0422192A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- composition
- composition according
- alkaline earth
- refractory material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021540 colemanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for coating a metallurgical container, such as a tundish or ladle, with a purifying coating.
- purifying coating is meant a coating capable of reducing pollution of the liquid metal by impurities such as oxides.
- means are currently used such as pouring tubes interposed between the ladle and the tundish and covering powders. arranged on the surface of the liquid metal.
- Coatings are known for metallurgical vessels, in particular flow distributors, obtained by spraying a composition in the form of an aqueous slurry containing refractory particles, such as SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, gO or a mixture thereof, and a binder. organic or inorganic. These particles sinter under the effect of the heat of the liquid metal poured into the container, which ensures the cohesion of the coating.
- refractory particles such as SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, gO or a mixture thereof
- a binder organic or inorganic.
- Coatings obtained by applying raw dolomite or calcium carbonate are also known.
- Such coatings have purifying properties with respect to liquid metal. These properties are mainly based on the greed of CaO for oxides which pollute the metal such as AI2O3, FeO, ⁇ 2O3, giving compounds which are more fusible than the constituents and which migrate towards the slag.
- aqueous mixture comprising approximately 98% of raw dolomite and 2% of sodium silicate as a binder.
- the coating was fully baked to around 900 ° C, in order to release the CO2 from the dolomite.
- the coating thus cooked had a porous structure whose mechanical strength was insufficient to resist the abrasion caused by the liquid metal.
- REPLACEMENT SHEET forming a mold so that this procedure is of no industrial interest.
- the Applicant has continued its research in order to discover an industrially acceptable solution making it possible to produce a purifying coating from raw dolomite or calcite.
- the object of the present invention is precisely to provide a method and a composition for producing such a purifying coating, and a coating obtained by the implementation of this method.
- the invention thus relates to a method and a composition for coating the interior wall of a metallurgical container, so as to produce a purifying coating based on at least one oxide of an alkaline earth metal.
- this process is characterized by the following stages:
- composition is applied to the inner wall of the container containing at least one simple or multiple carbonate of alkaline earth metal added with a certain proportion of refractory material in grains, and
- This composition is heated to remove the CO2 and possibly the water of constitution and / or hydration and obtain a layer of the alkaline earth metal oxide (s) of porous structure, the proportion of refractory material being sufficient to impart to the coating sufficient resistance to erosion of the liquid metal poured into the container.
- the composition may also contain a certain proportion of either alkaline earth hydroxides or alkaline earth oxides capable of hydrating during wetting of the composition and of activating lime or magnesia sufficiently "in situ" during the preheating of said composition, ro days in order to impart sufficient resistance to the coating.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain an economical purifying coating since it uses as starting material one or more alkaline earth carbonates such as dolomite or calcite.
- the coating obtained has good resistance to erosion caused by the metal poured into the metallurgical vessel.
- the coating according to the invention has a double function, namely the purifying function and the function of wear coating, so that it can advantageously replace all the wear and protective coatings applied so far which do not have no purifying function.
- the merit of the present invention lies in the fact that it has surprisingly discovered that the addition of a certain proportion of refractory material to one or more simple or multiple alkaline earth carbonates made it possible to obtain, after baking, that is to say after the elimination of the CO 2, a structure having an erosion resistance markedly greater than that obtained in the absence of this refractory material.
- the coating obtained in addition to its purifying properties due to the alkaline earth oxide which is obtained after baking, has a structure which is sufficiently porous to give it thermal insulation properties making it possible to limit the cooling of the liquid metal contained in the pouring container. Furthermore, the coating obtained according to the process according to the invention does not adhere strongly to the permanent refractory coating on which it is applied so that at the end of casting, it can be easily detached in order to 'coii ⁇ uer a new coating.
- the aforementioned composition can be advantageously sprayed in the form of aqueous mud, with. About 15 to 20% by weight of water.
- the composition can also be poured between the interior surface of the metallurgical container and a mold wall.
- the coating is heated to the core around 900 ° C, to release the CO2 from the alkaline earth carbonate and optionally the water of constitution and / or hydration.
- This heating can be carried out by any means such as a burner, electric heating elements by Joule effect or with emission of infrared radiation.
- the single or multiple alkaline earth carbonate used in the composition is preferably a carbonate chosen from the following compounds: raw dolomite, raw calcite and their mixtures, dolomite being however preferred because of its low cost in the raw state (not calcined).
- the composition used preferably contains a binder chosen from mineral binders such as for example: silicate or alkaline phosphate, organic such as for example phenolic resin, hydraulic such as, for example, cements, and mixtures thereof.
- the refractory material added to the alkaline earth carbonate is preferably chosen from the following compounds:
- REPLACEMENT SHEET The optimal proportions will depend on the desired effect. The higher the proportion of alkaline earth carbonate, the greater the purifying effect. Conversely, the higher the proportion of refractory material, the greater the resistance to erosion of the coating.
- the proportion of refractory material is just sufficient to give the coating the desired resistance to erosion so as to preserve the purifying properties due to the alkaline earth oxide remaining after release of the CO2.
- the elements containing calcium will be favored in the composition.
- the presence of the binder is not compulsory, because a setting effect with water already exists in its absence.
- the alkaline earth carbonate can be pure calcium carbonate or combined with another carbonate, for example magnesium carbonate, in the form of dolomite.
- alkaline earth oxides cited as examples of refractory material can be replaced in whole or in part by hydroxides and / or sulphates, the latter being transformed into oxides during cooking.
- the grains of the refractory material have at least partly a dimension greater than that of the grains of carbonates and / or hydroxides and / or alkaline earth sulfates.
- REPLACEMENT SHEET In fact, the grains of carbonates, hydroxides and sulfates decompose the more easily and quickly the smaller they are.
- the particle size can be adjusted as a function of the desired result, namely the porosity which gives insulating and / or sintering properties which ensures cohesion and resistance to erosion.
- composition according to the invention also preferably contains up to 20% by weight of organic and / or mineral fibers.
- composition according to the invention may also contain a carbonaceous matter in grains.
- the composition additionally contains up to 5% by weight of a surfactant.
- the aforementioned composition can be applied to the bottom and the lateral faces of a tundish, by spraying or molding in one or more layers a few centimeters thick.
- one or more fluxes such as, for example: olivine, colemanite, borocalcite (calcium borate), iron oxide, fluoride, boric acid and its salts (borax) and their mixtures.
- Dolomite and / or calcite and / or hydroxides and / or sulfates 30 to 95%, grain diameter ⁇ 3 mm, preferably ⁇ 1 mm
- Refractory material 70 to 5%, grain diameter ⁇ 5 mm, preferably ⁇ 2 mm
- Binder 0 to 15% Carbon: 0 to 5%
- the composition and the particle size of the grains can vary from one layer to another depending on the desired properties.
- REPLACEMENT PLEASE will contain more refractory material, and will contain fine particles to promote sintering.
- the outer layer adjacent to the permanent refractory lining may be sinter less than the inner layer, so that it can be easily detached from the permanent lining at the end of casting.
- the basicity of the inner layer may be favored by a high calcium content in order to obtain optimal purifying properties.
- a coating in several layers to protect the interior wall of a metallurgical container can thus comprise: - an interior purifying layer of wear coming into contact with liquid steel, based on oxide of an alkaline earth metal (dolomite , hydroxides, sulfates, calcite, carbonates),
- this layer may be either a sinterable layer at the temperatures involved, based on stable refractory oxide grains (for example based on magnesia and / or silica and / or alumina and / or zircon and / or zirconia), or alternatively an outer layer with little or very little sinterability of security based on stable refractory oxides added with carbon (less than 35% carbon).
- This last layer can also play the role of a third layer with little or very little sinterability placed between the aforementioned safety layer and the permanent coating to avoid any clinging of the permanent coating, like any other partially, little or very little sinterable layer.
- first purifying inner layer a second layer with little or very little sinterability or not sinterability, and a third outer sintering layer or at least partially sinterable.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90907138T ATE99199T1 (de) | 1989-04-12 | 1990-04-11 | Verfahren und zusammensetzung zum auskleiden eines metallurgischen gefaesses mittels einer reinigenden auskleidung und auf diese weise hergestellte auskleidung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8904822A FR2648066B1 (fr) | 1989-04-12 | 1989-04-12 | Procede pour revetir un recipient metallurgique par un revetement epurant et composition s'y rapportant |
FR8904822 | 1989-04-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0422192A1 true EP0422192A1 (fr) | 1991-04-17 |
EP0422192B1 EP0422192B1 (fr) | 1993-12-29 |
Family
ID=9380632
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90907138A Expired - Lifetime EP0422192B1 (fr) | 1989-04-12 | 1990-04-11 | Procede pour revetir un recipient metallurgique par un revetement epurant et composition s'y rapportant, et revetement de protection ainsi obtenu |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5188794A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0422192B1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR960005886B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU628557B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9006411A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2030522A1 (fr) |
CS (1) | CS179790A3 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69005578T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2047930T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2648066B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU904442D0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1990011853A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2683220B1 (fr) * | 1991-11-04 | 1994-05-20 | Sollac | Procede de revetement d'un repartiteur de coulee continue par un materiau refractaire, repartiteur et materiau refractaire resultant de la mise en óoeuvre de ce procede. |
US5314599A (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-05-24 | Alcan International Limited | Barrier layer against fluoride diffusion in linings of aluminum reduction cells |
US5507474A (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1996-04-16 | Minerals Technologies, Inc. | Lining for molten metal handling vessles |
US5643350A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1997-07-01 | Vectra Technologies, Inc. | Waste vitrification melter |
AUPS329202A0 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-18 | Cast Centre Pty Ltd | Coatings for articles used with molten metal |
EP1736258A4 (fr) * | 2004-03-15 | 2007-09-26 | Krosakiharima Corp | Embout destin au coulage en continu |
CN115448701B (zh) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-04-14 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 一种aod冶炼镍基合金用镁钙耐火材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB527024A (en) * | 1939-03-28 | 1940-10-01 | Pierre Imbert | Improvements in or relating to basic refractory materials |
DE966136C (de) * | 1951-05-28 | 1957-07-11 | Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung hochfeuerfester, basischer Isoliersteine |
DE1218923B (de) * | 1959-04-23 | 1966-06-08 | Rheinische Kalksteinwerke | Verfahren zur Herstellung hochporoeser, feuerfester, basischer Leichtsteine |
DE1239226B (de) * | 1961-01-05 | 1967-04-20 | Dolomitwerke Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von poroesen Formkoerpern aus Dolomit und/oder Magnesit |
DE1239266B (de) * | 1962-04-28 | 1967-04-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Faerben und bzw. oder Bedrucken von Textilgut |
US4400335A (en) * | 1981-12-15 | 1983-08-23 | Hoganas Ab | Process for repairing refractory linings |
JPS6133743A (ja) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-17 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 板状耐火物の構造 |
-
1989
- 1989-04-12 FR FR8904822A patent/FR2648066B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-04-10 CS CS901797A patent/CS179790A3/cs unknown
- 1990-04-11 EP EP90907138A patent/EP0422192B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-11 ES ES90907138T patent/ES2047930T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-11 CA CA002030522A patent/CA2030522A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-11 DE DE90907138T patent/DE69005578T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-11 BR BR909006411A patent/BR9006411A/pt unknown
- 1990-04-11 KR KR1019900702594A patent/KR960005886B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1990-04-11 US US07/613,622 patent/US5188794A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-11 HU HU904442A patent/HU904442D0/hu unknown
- 1990-04-11 AU AU55517/90A patent/AU628557B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-04-11 WO PCT/FR1990/000263 patent/WO1990011853A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9011853A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CS179790A3 (en) | 1992-09-16 |
US5188794A (en) | 1993-02-23 |
HUT60173A (en) | 1992-08-28 |
HU904442D0 (en) | 1992-08-28 |
EP0422192B1 (fr) | 1993-12-29 |
WO1990011853A1 (fr) | 1990-10-18 |
CA2030522A1 (fr) | 1990-10-13 |
AU5551790A (en) | 1990-11-05 |
ES2047930T3 (es) | 1994-03-01 |
DE69005578T2 (de) | 1994-04-28 |
DE69005578D1 (de) | 1994-02-10 |
KR920700081A (ko) | 1992-02-19 |
AU628557B2 (en) | 1992-09-17 |
KR960005886B1 (ko) | 1996-05-03 |
FR2648066B1 (fr) | 1994-04-01 |
BR9006411A (pt) | 1991-08-06 |
FR2648066A1 (fr) | 1990-12-14 |
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