Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
  • C10M175/0025—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
  • C10G47/22—Non-catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for obtaining a hydrocarbon composition from waste oil by cracking at elevated temperature and pressure for the subsequent recovery of predetermined hydrocarbon products by refining the hydrocarbon composition.
• predetermined hydrocarbon products can be, for example, fuels, solvents and the like.
• the object of the invention is to propose a simple and inexpensive method and a simple and inexpensive device in order to enable fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil and solvents, for example for paints, to be obtained from waste oil in a cost-effective manner.
• this object is achieved by a process for obtaining a hydrocarbon composition from waste oil by cracking at elevated temperatures. ture and increased pressure for the subsequent recovery of predetermined hydrocarbon products by refining the hydrocarbon composition, which process is characterized in that during cracking the temperature 400 ° C to 450 ° C, the pressure 17 to 27 bar and the duration of the cracking Operation takes 6 minutes to 10 hours.
• the temperature is preferably about 20 ° C. and the pressure is about 22 bar.
• the duration of the cracking process can preferably be about 1 hour.
• Hydrogen can preferably be added during cracking.
• the hydrocarbon composition obtained by cracking can preferably be cooled to near room temperature, preferably to about 40 ° C., kept under pressure of at least 1 bar, preferably about 6 bar and stored for at least 6 minutes, preferably about 1 hour, before being refined become. Gases which are dissolved in the cooled, pressurized and stored hydrocarbon composition are preferably extracted therefrom and returned to cracking.
• the receiving tank is preferably thermally insulated and is preferably resistant to increased pressure.
• the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
• the figure shows a device according to the invention for extracting a hydrocarbon composition from waste oil for the subsequent extraction of predetermined hydrocarbon products, for example from power plants. Substances, solvents and the like by refining the hydrocarbon composition.
• Used oil A to be treated for example used engine oil occurring in vehicle engines when changing oil in vehicle engines, is expediently provided after previous filtration (not shown).
• the waste oil A is conveyed via a line 16 from a pump 2 through a heat exchanger 3 and then further into a reactor 4.
• the pressure in line 16 and in reactor 4 is approximately 17 to 27 bar, for example approximately 22 bar.
• the temperature of the waste oil is increased from its initial room temperature in the tank 1 to approximately 300 ° C.
• the reactor 4 is partially, for example about half, filled with the waste oil 15 to be treated.
• a room filled with a gas 18 is located above this waste oil.
• the gas is advantageously a protective gas in order to avoid explosions;
• this gas is generated by the processes taking place in the reactor 4, and hydrogen can also be added to the space with the gas 18 via a feed line 23 in order to influence the chemical reactions.
• the waste oil is further heated to approximately 400 ° C. to 450 ° C., for example to approximately 420 ° C.
• this heating takes place, for example, with the aid of a resistor 5, or with the aid of a burner (not shown) which heats the reactor 4; in the case of stationary operation, it is advantageous to use the exhaust gases of the plant, which are led from an outlet line 17, for heating the reactor 4 instead of the resistor 5.
• Gas 19 is led to its use via a valve 8 and through the outlet line 17. For example (and as mentioned above) it can be used to heat the reactor 4.
• the condensate 20 is fed via a valve 9 and a line 21 to be used as a hydrocarbon composition: for example, it can be distilled in order to obtain fuels therefrom.
• Gases are still dissolved in the condensate 20, which can be recovered by distillation (in an example given below it is 8% by weight of the waste oil). After their recovery, these gases can be returned to the room with the gas 18 via the feed line 23 or a similar feed line in order to influence the chemical reactions.
• a level sensor 10 monitors the level of waste oil i m reactor 4 and controls the pump 2 in order that level or the proportion of waste oil 15 and gas mixture 18 hold the desired value.
• a pressure meter 11 monitors the pressure in the reactor 4 and controls the valve 6 in order to keep this pressure at the desired value.
• a temperature probe 12 monitors the temperature in the reactor 4 and controls the resistor 5 or the burner in order to keep this temperature at the desired value.
• the molecules of the waste oil A are cracked to lighter molecules, at least some of which in the gas mixture 18 are active or reactive state, so that they still react with each other.
• the composition of the gas mixture 18 is therefore dependent on the operating parameters of the reactor 4, ie
• different proportions of lighter and heavier hydrocarbon products in the condensate 20 can be achieved without having used a catalyst during cracking. It is thus possible, for example, to obtain light or heavier fuels (i.e. gasoline or diesel oil) or light or heavier solvents from these hydrocarbon products as required.
• the reaction between the active or reactive hydrocarbons occurring in the gas mixture continues even when the gas mixture has already been cooled to the aforementioned cooler temperature, for example to about 40 ° C., provided that Gas mixture is still under the lower pressure mentioned, for example of about 6 bar. It is therefore particularly advantageous in the method according to the invention to allow the condensate 20 to remain in the receiving tank 7 under the cooler temperature and the lower pressure mentioned, preferably at about 40 ° C. and about 6, during a predetermined average residence time bar.
• the intake Tank 7 is preferably thermally insulated, while valve 8 is controlled so that the desired pressure is maintained, the receiving tank 7 being resistant to increased pressure.
• 100 l of waste oil with a specific weight of 0.821 g / l were treated in an approximately spherical reactor of approximately 10 l volume with an average throughput of approximately 10 l / h.
• the temperature in the reactor was about 420 ° C. and the pressure was about 22 bar.
• the filling of the reactor was stationary at about half the height (ie the volume of the waste oil to be treated and the resulting gas mixture always remained approximately the same in the reactor).
• the average reaction time was about 1 hour in the reactor, while the average residence time in the holding tank 7 of about 50 1 volume at about 40 ° C. and 6 bar was also about 1 hour. Under these conditions, a hydrocarbon composition with about 43% by weight of gasoline fraction and about 57% by weight of diesel fraction was obtained.
• the total fuel yield, based on the waste oil treated was approximately 81% by weight. In total, 100% by weight of waste oil resulted:
• the gas mixture contains heavier hydrocarbons: in the condensate 20 fewer lighter fuels (gasoline) or Obtain solvents and more heavy fuels (diesel oil) or solvents.
• the reverse applies to a deeper interface. It wur- de also found 'that if the temperature is raised in the reactor, the gas mixture contains lighter hydrocarbons or solvents: then the condensate 20 more lighter fuels (gasoline) or solvents and less heavier fuels (diesel oil) or Lö - Receive solvent. The reverse also applies here for a lower temperature.
• the size of the reactor has only been given as an example and it is possible to use reactors many times larger to carry out the invention. Also, both continuous operation and a • • batch operation.
• the residence time in the reactor has only been given as an example and ten times shorter or ten times longer residence times can be used, ie residence times between 6 minutes and 10 hours.
• the dwell time in the receiving tank has only been given as an example and it can be ten times shorter or any length of residence time can be used, ie a residence time of at least 6 minutes.
• the pressure in the receiving tank has only been given as an example and a pressure six times lower can be used, ie a pressure of at least 1 bar.
• the device required is simple and therefore inexpensive in comparison to previously known devices of equivalent performance.
• the method and the device required for this purpose are also cost-effective in terms of energy consumption, since the reactor can be heated during stationary operation using the gas fraction obtained from the waste oil.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-02-12 JP JP50251990A patent/JPH03504518A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-02-12 EP EP19900902610 patent/EP0413786A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-02-12 WO PCT/CH1990/000033 patent/WO1990009426A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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