EP0391649A3 - Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0391649A3
EP0391649A3 EP19900303529 EP90303529A EP0391649A3 EP 0391649 A3 EP0391649 A3 EP 0391649A3 EP 19900303529 EP19900303529 EP 19900303529 EP 90303529 A EP90303529 A EP 90303529A EP 0391649 A3 EP0391649 A3 EP 0391649A3
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engines
lubricant compositions
oil
effective amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19900303529
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0391649A2 (fr
EP0391649B1 (fr
Inventor
Glen Paul Fetterman Jr.
Alan Alvin Schetelich
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ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
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Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
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Publication of EP0391649A2 publication Critical patent/EP0391649A2/fr
Publication of EP0391649A3 publication Critical patent/EP0391649A3/fr
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Publication of EP0391649B1 publication Critical patent/EP0391649B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M129/92—Carboxylic acids
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M129/95—Esters
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
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    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
    • C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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    • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
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    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/16—Reaction products obtained by Mannich reactions
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    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M167/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M2201/02—Water
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/10—Running-in-oil ; Grinding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP90303529A 1989-04-03 1990-04-02 Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP0391649B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33286089A 1989-04-03 1989-04-03
US332860 1989-04-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0391649A2 EP0391649A2 (fr) 1990-10-10
EP0391649A3 true EP0391649A3 (fr) 1991-03-20
EP0391649B1 EP0391649B1 (fr) 1995-05-17

Family

ID=23300163

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EP90303529A Expired - Lifetime EP0391649B1 (fr) 1989-04-03 1990-04-02 Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0391649B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2975043B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR246762A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE122711T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU622785B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9001514A (fr)
CA (1) CA2013545C (fr)
DD (1) DD295394A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE69019413T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2072390T3 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP0785248A1 (fr) * 1993-05-21 1997-07-23 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Fluide électrorhéologique
JP3500445B2 (ja) * 1994-06-06 2004-02-23 新日本石油株式会社 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
GB9413005D0 (en) * 1994-06-28 1994-08-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Luybricating oil compositions or concentrates therefor providing enhanced water-shedding properties
GB9503993D0 (en) * 1995-02-28 1995-04-19 Bp Chem Int Ltd Lubricating oil compositions
GB9503994D0 (en) * 1995-02-28 1995-04-19 Bp Chem Int Ltd Lubricating oil compositons
EP1340803A1 (fr) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-03 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'huiles lubrifiantes
EP1340804B1 (fr) * 2002-02-27 2016-11-16 Infineum International Limited Composition d'huile lubrifiante
TW200508384A (en) 2003-02-05 2005-03-01 Idemitsu Kosan Co Additives for lubricating oils and fuel oils, lubricating oil compositions, and fuel oil compositions
EP1824950A1 (fr) * 2004-10-25 2007-08-29 The Lubrizol Corporation Inhibition de la corrosion
WO2006100188A1 (fr) 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes anti-usure pour utilisation dans des moteurs a combustion
WO2008117776A1 (fr) 2007-03-28 2008-10-02 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Composition lubrifiante
CA2755447A1 (fr) 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 The Lubrizol Corporation Esters anthraniliques en tant qu'additifs dans des lubrifiants
JP2009197245A (ja) * 2009-06-08 2009-09-03 Tonengeneral Sekiyu Kk 潤滑油組成物
JP2011190331A (ja) * 2010-03-12 2011-09-29 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 潤滑油組成物
US8911542B2 (en) * 2010-12-16 2014-12-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Anti-corrosive compositions
CN102504915A (zh) * 2011-11-17 2012-06-20 天津市澳路浦润滑油有限公司 内燃机润滑油添加剂组合物
JP6247820B2 (ja) * 2012-03-21 2017-12-13 出光興産株式会社 アルミ合金製エンジン用潤滑油組成物及び潤滑方法
KR20140135205A (ko) * 2012-03-21 2014-11-25 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 알루미늄 합금제 엔진용 윤활유 조성물 및 윤활 방법
JP6247821B2 (ja) * 2012-03-21 2017-12-13 出光興産株式会社 アルミ合金製エンジン用潤滑油組成物及び潤滑方法
JP6247822B2 (ja) * 2012-03-21 2017-12-13 出光興産株式会社 アルミ合金製エンジン用潤滑油組成物及び潤滑方法
JP6035175B2 (ja) 2013-03-15 2016-11-30 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
US11046908B2 (en) * 2019-01-11 2021-06-29 Afton Chemical Corporation Oxazoline modified dispersants
US10808198B2 (en) 2019-01-16 2020-10-20 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant containing thiadiazole derivatives
CN110156719A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-23 长沙望城石油化工有限公司 一种含荒氨酸酯的噻二唑化合物及其制备方法和应用
CN114057916B (zh) * 2020-08-04 2023-11-28 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种润滑油抗氧型无灰分散剂的制备方法

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US4169799A (en) * 1976-12-27 1979-10-02 Texaco Inc. Lubricating oil composition
EP0024146A1 (fr) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-25 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Compositions lubrifiantes
GB2062672A (en) * 1979-11-07 1981-05-28 Lubrizol Corp Additive compositions comprising sulphurized alkyl phenol and high molecular weight dispersant
WO1986004601A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du soufre et additifs concentres et huiles lubrifiantes les contenant
WO1988003552A2 (fr) * 1986-11-07 1988-05-19 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions soufrees, compositions lubrifiantes, combustibles et fluides fonctionnels
EP0280580A2 (fr) * 1987-02-27 1988-08-31 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubrifiants à basse teneur en phosphore
EP0311318A1 (fr) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4169799A (en) * 1976-12-27 1979-10-02 Texaco Inc. Lubricating oil composition
EP0024146A1 (fr) * 1979-08-13 1981-02-25 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Compositions lubrifiantes
GB2062672A (en) * 1979-11-07 1981-05-28 Lubrizol Corp Additive compositions comprising sulphurized alkyl phenol and high molecular weight dispersant
WO1986004601A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du soufre et additifs concentres et huiles lubrifiantes les contenant
WO1988003552A2 (fr) * 1986-11-07 1988-05-19 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions soufrees, compositions lubrifiantes, combustibles et fluides fonctionnels
EP0280580A2 (fr) * 1987-02-27 1988-08-31 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubrifiants à basse teneur en phosphore
EP0311318A1 (fr) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2013545C (fr) 1999-01-26
ATE122711T1 (de) 1995-06-15
CA2013545A1 (fr) 1990-10-03
DE69019413T2 (de) 1995-10-26
ES2072390T3 (es) 1995-07-16
EP0391649A2 (fr) 1990-10-10
AR246762A1 (es) 1994-09-30
DD295394A5 (de) 1991-10-31
BR9001514A (pt) 1991-04-16
JP2975043B2 (ja) 1999-11-10
JPH0347897A (ja) 1991-02-28
EP0391649B1 (fr) 1995-05-17
AU622785B2 (en) 1992-04-16
AU5245190A (en) 1990-10-04
DE69019413D1 (de) 1995-06-22

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