EP0280580A2 - Lubrifiants à basse teneur en phosphore - Google Patents

Lubrifiants à basse teneur en phosphore Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280580A2
EP0280580A2 EP88301712A EP88301712A EP0280580A2 EP 0280580 A2 EP0280580 A2 EP 0280580A2 EP 88301712 A EP88301712 A EP 88301712A EP 88301712 A EP88301712 A EP 88301712A EP 0280580 A2 EP0280580 A2 EP 0280580A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
oil
copper
sulphur
phosphorus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88301712A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0280580B1 (fr
EP0280580A3 (en
Inventor
Terence Colclough
John Frederick Marsh
Frederick Alastair Gibson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Original Assignee
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to AT88301712T priority Critical patent/ATE82020T1/de
Publication of EP0280580A2 publication Critical patent/EP0280580A2/fr
Publication of EP0280580A3 publication Critical patent/EP0280580A3/en
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Publication of EP0280580B1 publication Critical patent/EP0280580B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/42—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/56—Acids of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M129/58—Naphthenic acids
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C10M135/04—Hydrocarbons
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    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
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    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
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    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
    • C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
    • C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/16—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate polycarboxylic
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    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
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    • C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
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    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds a condensation reaction being involved
    • C10M149/22—Polyamines
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    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
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    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
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    • C10M167/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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    • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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    • C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
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    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
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    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
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    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
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    • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
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    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/063—Complexes of boron halides
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    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/065—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Ti or Zr
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    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricating compositions, especially automobile crankcase lubricants, containing low or zero amounts of phosphorus.
  • This invention provides lubricant compositions and concentrates with low or zero phosphorus contents which comprise copper, sulphur, and a bearing corrosion inhibitor, which compositions have been found to have remarkable engine performance.
  • US-A-2356661 deals with lubricating oils containing 50 to 1000 parts per million of copper as an oil-soluble organic compound such as copper dialkyl dithiocarbamates and including phosphorus containing compounds together with from 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of total sulphur in the oil, sulphur being provided as oil-soluble organic sulphur compounds such as thiocarbamates.
  • US-A-2343756 discloses the addition of copper compounds including phosphorus-containing copper complexes in conjunction with sulphur compounds, to lubricating oils. Amounts of from 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of sulphur are disclosed, with amounts in excess of 0.5 wt % sulphur described as being potentially detrimental. In US-A-2552580, cuprous thiophosphates are included in lubricant compositions at relatively high levels, which will give high phosphorus level in the oils.
  • a wide variety of metal-containing polymeric amine-metal reactants are employed as detergents in lubricant compositions.
  • a lubricant is described containing inter alia, a copper salt of an acylated nitrogen compound, 0.075% phosphorus as a ZDDP reacted with hexene oxide, and a sulphurized methyl ester of a tall oil acid.
  • Other copper containing lubricants either contain more phosphorus or no sulphur.
  • US-A-4122033 discloses the entire group of transition metal compOunds as antioxidation stabilizers in conjunction with amines, selenides, phosphines or phosphites and may be used in various applications including as additives for lubricants. None of the foregoing documents describe fully formulated lubricant oils which would be appropriate to meet the requirements for modern lubricants and none specifically address the reduction of phosphorus levels while maintaining performance in antiwear, antioxidation and corrosion inhibition.
  • EP-A-24146 discloses lubricant compositions containing an ashless dispersant and/or polymeric viscosity index improver dispersant and copper which may be in the form of a dithiocarbamate, but requires the presence of zinc and from 0.01 to 0.5 wt % phosphorus.
  • Thiadiazole polysulphides are an optional component.
  • US-A-4330420 describes oils with reduced phosphorus content (but only to 0.05%P) using mixtures of dialkyldiphenylamine and a sulphurized polyolefin to compensate for reduction in the amount of ZDDP. There is no disclosure of the use of copper or thiadiazole polysulphides.
  • EP-A-89844 describes reaction products of 4,4 ⁇ -methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol) and tri-Sec-C 4-12 alkyl orthoborate and their use in lubricants to enable the amount of ZDDP to be reduced to provide from 0.05 to 0.11 wt % P.
  • US-A-4490265 describes lubricating oils comprising boron-containing heterocyclic compounds which may be in the form of a metal salt including a copper salt, thiadiazole polysulphides, terephthalic acid and as an oxidation inhibitor either a bis(dithiobenzil) metal derivative where the metal may inter alia be copper or a sulphur-bridged, bis hindered phenol.
  • a metal salt including a copper salt, thiadiazole polysulphides, terephthalic acid and as an oxidation inhibitor either a bis(dithiobenzil) metal derivative where the metal may inter alia be copper or a sulphur-bridged, bis hindered phenol.
  • the desirability of reducing or eliminating phosphorus is not disclosed and all the Examples of lubricants contain 0.05 wt% P.
  • US-A-4623474 makes a similar disclosure.
  • US-A-4627930 also describes boron-containing heterocyclic compounds which may be in the form of a copper salt and may be sulphurized. Thiadiazole polysulphides and copper carboxylates are also disclosed. Although the boron containing heterocyclic compounds are described as phosphorus-free, there is no disclosure of a fully formulated oil containing less than 0.05 wt % P. US-A-4629580 contains a similar disclosure.
  • US-A-4629579 discloses boron and metal-boron derivatives for use as extreme pressure, anti-wear and friction reducing additives for lubricating oils, and compositions including one containing no ZDDP, but there is no disclosure of a composition containing low or zero amounts of phosphorus, with sulphur and copper.
  • Lubricant compositions containing low, or zero amounts of phosphorus, but no copper are described in WO-A-8604601, WO-A-8604602 and WO-A-8606092.
  • the invention seeks to provide lubricants having antiwear, corrosion inhibition and antioxidant performance appropriate to modern oil requirements with reduced or zero amounts of phosphorous and without the need for large amounts and/or expensive forms of antioxidant.
  • Modern oil as used herein in relation to automobile crankcase lubricants refers to oil which can meet the current requirements for crankcase lubricants in the major industrial countries. High performance engines, increased lifetime requirements resulting from longer periods between oil changes, and higher operating temperatures all contribute to the increased performance required from lubricants.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with automobile crankcase lubricants which can meet and exceed the requirements for the SF API Engine Service Category for service station oils and/or the requirements for the CD API Engine Service Category for Commercial Oils/Diesel Engines, established jointly by API, SAE and ASTM.
  • this invention provides a lubricant composition
  • a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of a lubricating oil, 5 to 500 parts per million by weight (ppm) of added copper present in oil-soluble form, one or more added oil-soluble sulphur-containing compounds such that the composition preferably comprises from greater than 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of total sulphur, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 wt % of total sulphur and an effective amount of a bearing corrosion inhibitor, the composition containing less than 0.01 wt % phosphorus, preferably being substantially phosphorus-free.
  • the lubricant composition will also contain one or more ashless dispersants and/or one or more viscosity index improver dispersants and/or one or more overbased additives which function as antacid and anti-rust agents, such as overbased calcium or magnesium sulphonates or phenates.
  • the use of copper in the invention enables a low phosphorus oil with performance meeting the requirements of modern oils to be obtained economically and with good control of oxidation, which in an automobile engine is catalysed by metal accumulated in the oil by wear or corrosion, with iron being a particular oxidation catalyst.
  • the anti-oxidant effect may not be sufficient for some applications.
  • the ash level of the oil will be increased and an increased tendency to bearing corrosion may be observed.
  • the amount of added copper in the compositions will generally be within the range of 10 to 400 ppm, typically 10 to 300 ppm, preferably 10 to 200 ppm, e.g. 60 to 200 ppm.
  • compositions of the invention comprising low amounts of oil-soluble copper compounds and very low or zero amounts of phosphorus to provide adequate antioxidant and antiwear performance for the stringent requirements of modern engine tests is surprising. Copper is known to act in many situations as an oxidation promoter or catalyst, and closely related metals, such as cobalt and chromium, are not effective lubricant anti-oxidants.
  • EP-A-24146 teaches the presence of at least 0.01 wt % of each of phosphorus and zinc.
  • the copper compound functions effectively in compositions which may contain zinc and other metal compounds, such as calcium or magnesium overbased additives, which have an inherent pro-oxidant activity.
  • the copper compounds used as anti-oxidants in this invention may be chosen from those described in EP-A-24146 as suitable for lubricants provided that the copper compounds are substantially free of phosphorus.
  • the copper may be blended into the oil as the oil-soluble copper salt of a synthetic or natural carboxylic acid.
  • suitable carboxylic acids include C10 to C18 fatty acids such as stearic or palmitic acid, unsaturated acids such as oleic acid, branched carboxylic acids such as naphthenic acids of molecular weight from 200 to 500, neodecanoic or 2-ethylhexanoic acid and alkyl or alkenyl substituted dicarboxylic acids such as polyalkene substituted succinic acids, e.g. octadecenyl succinic acids, dodecenyl succinic acids and polyisobutenyl succinic acids.
  • the copper may be blended into the oil as oil-soluble copper dithiocarbamates of the general formula (RR ⁇ NCSS) n Cu, where n is 1 or 2 and R and R ⁇ are the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloalkyl radicals.
  • R and R ⁇ are the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloalkyl radicals.
  • Other copper and sulphur containing compounds such as copper mercaptides, disulphides and thioxanthates are suitable for use in the invention. Copper sulphonates, phenates, and acetylacetonates may also be used.
  • the copper may be introduced in the oil in an oil-insoluble form provided that in the finished lubricant composition the copper is in the form on an oil-soluble compound.
  • the term "added copper” is intended to exclude copper present in the oil as a result of accumulation of copper in the oil during use, e.g. by wear or corrosion of copper-containing components.
  • the lubricant compositions of the invention contain an added oil-soluble sulphur compound.
  • sulphur compounds are the dithiocarbamates, preferably of the formula: (RR ⁇ NCSS) n M, wherein R, R ⁇ and n are as defined hereinbefore and M is a suitable metal such as zinc, molybdenum or (as indicated above) copper or a optionally substituted hydrocarbyl radical.
  • Preferred dithiocarbamates are dialkyl dithiocarbamates preferably containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as diamyl dithiocarbamates.
  • a particularly preferred compound is zinc diamyl dithiocarbamate.
  • Sulphur may also be introduced as a mercaptide particularly the mercaptides of aliphatic mercaptans (including copper mercaptides as indicated above), sulphurized unsaturated organic compounds including sulphurized olefins (e.g. US-A-4119549, US-A-4-4119550, US-A-4191659 and US-A-4147640), sulphurized Diels-Alder adducts (e.g. US-A-3632566, US-A-3498915 and US-E-27331) and particularly sulphurized unsaturated alcohols and esters such as sperm oil substitutes, e.g.
  • sperm oil sulphides including di- and polysulphides, thioethers, thiophenols, thioxanthates (including copper thioxanthates as indicated above), sulphurized esters, thioesters, thioamides, thiazoles such as benzothiazoles and particularly mercaptobenzothiazoles, and thiadiazoles.
  • Mineral lubricating oils contain sulphur, whereas synthetic oils may be sulphur-free, so that the amount of sulphur added as a sulphur-containing compound varies according to the basestock and the sulphur contents of other components in the lubricating composition, more preferably so as to give a sulphur content of greater than 0.5 to 1.0 wt % total sulphur.
  • the lubricant compositions of the invention advantageously contain from 0.5 to 0.7 wt % total S, and most preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt % S as added oil-soluble sulphur-containing compound. They also preferably contain 0.01 to 0.5 wt % Zn, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 wt % Zn. In a particularly preferred aspect the compositions contain 0.5 to 3 wt % zinc dithiocarbamate.
  • the bearing corrosion inhibitor is a corrosion inhibitor effective at inhibiting corrosion effects on bearings such as Cu/Pb bearings, where effects such as copper staining and high weight loss can be encountered. Such additives have been found to promote the antiwear performance of the oil.
  • Preferred bearing corrosion inhibitors are borate esters such as B(OR)3, (RO)2B-O-B(OR)2, (ROBO)3 (RO)2BOR1OB(OR)2 and mixtures (wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group or two groups R form a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group) and these materials may be derived, for example, from alcohols such as alkoxyalkanols (both short chain alkanols and longer chain alcohols as in US-A-4440656) and polyetheralkanols; mono-, di- and trihydroxy alkanols, e
  • triethanolamine and tri-isopropanolamine hydroxyamines made by reacting a primary amine (e.g. oleylamine) or secondary amine with ethylene or propylene oxide and the compounds of US-A-4406802.
  • Preferred alcohols are 2-methylpentan-1,3-diol, butane-1,2-diol, butane-1,3-diol and similar 1,2 and 1,3 diols, and ethoxyethanol.
  • the invention contains from 0.01 to 10 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt %, of a borate ester especially an ester of an alkoxyalkanol or a polyetheralkanol, e.g. a tris(ethoxyethyl) orthoborate ester or metaborate ester, or a biborate of a diol such as butane-1,3-diol.
  • a borate ester especially an ester of an alkoxyalkanol or a polyetheralkanol, e.g. a tris(ethoxyethyl) orthoborate ester or metaborate ester, or a biborate of a diol such as butane-1,3-diol.
  • the bearing corrosion inhibitor is a thiadiazole mercaptan, especially a thiadiazole polysulphide containing from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, a derivative or polymer thereof.
  • Preferred materials are the 1,3,4 thiadiazole polysulphides such as those described in US-A-2719125, 2719126 and 3087932.
  • Especially preferred is the compound 2,5-bis (t-octadithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole commercially available as Amoco 150 or 2,5-bis(nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole available as Amoco 158.
  • thiadiazole mercaptans may be used such as esters, condensation products with halogenated carboxylic acids, reaction products with aldehydes and amines, alcohols or mercaptans, amine salts, dithiocarbamates, reaction products with ashless dispersants (e.g. US-A-4140643 and US-A-4136043) and reaction products with sulphur halides and olefins.
  • These materials are preferably present in an amount of from 0.01 to 10 wt %, more preferably 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of the lubricant composition.
  • the lubricating compositions may comprise small amounts of phosphorus, less than 0.01 wt %, preferably less than 0.005 wt %, but more preferably the lubricating compositions are substantially free of phosphorus.
  • the lubricating composition further comprises:
  • the nitrogen containing dispersant additives are those known in the art as sludge dispersants for crankcase motor oils, e.g. such as shown in US-A-3275554, US-A-3565804, US-A-3442808, US-A-3442808, GB-A-983040 or BE-A-658236.
  • the most commonly used dispersants are those formed by reacting alkenyl succinic anhydride, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, and an amine described in US-A-3202678, 3154560, 3172892, 3024195, 3024237, 3219666, 3216936 and BE-A-662875.
  • the ashless dispersants may be esters derived from long chain hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acids and from hydroxy compounds such as monohydric and polyhydric alcohols or aromatic compounds such as phenols and naphthols as prepared for example in US-A-3522179.
  • Hydroxyamines which can be reacted with any of the aforesaid long chain hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acids to form dispersants include 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, p-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-aniline, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1 3-propane-diol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol, N-(beta-hydroxy-propyl)-N ⁇ -(beta-aminoethyl)-piperazine, tris(hydroxmethyl) amino-methane (also known as trismethylolaminomethane), 2-amino-1-butanol, ethanolamine, beta-(beta-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamine, and the like. Mixtures of these or similar amines can also be employed.
  • Preferred dispersants are those derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and polyethylene amines, e.g. tetraethylene pentamine, polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene amines, e.g. polyoxypropylene diamine, trismethylolaminomethane and pentaerythritol, and combinations thereof.
  • One particularly preferred dispersant combination involves a combination of (A) polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with (B) a hydroxy compound, e.g. pentaerythritol, (C) a polyoxyalkylene polyamine, e.g. polyoxypropylene diamine, and (D) a polyalkylene polyamine, e.g.
  • polyethylene diamine and tetraethylene pentamine using about 0.01 to about 4 equivalents of (B) and (D) and about 0.01 to about 2 equivalents of (C) per equivalent of (A) as described in US-A-3894763.
  • Another preferred dispersant combination involves the combination of (A) polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with (B) a polyalkylene polyamine, e.g. tetraethylene pentamine, and (C) a polyhydric alcohol or polyhydroxy-substituted aliphatic primary amine, e.g. pentaerythritol or trismethylolaminomethane as described in US-A-3632511.
  • the alkenyl succinic polyamine type dispersants can be further modified with a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids and ester of boron acids in an amount to provide 0.1 to 10 atomic proportions of boron per mole of the acylated nitrogen compound as generally taught in US-A-3087936 and 3254025. Mixtures of dispersants can also be used such as those described in US-A-4113639.
  • a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halides, boron acids and ester of boron acids in an amount to provide 0.1 to 10 atomic proportions of boron per mole of the acylated nitrogen compound as generally taught in US-A-3087936 and 3254025.
  • Mixtures of dispersants can also be used such as those described in US-A-4113639.
  • the oils may contain from 1.0 to 10 wt %, more preferably 2.0 to 7.0 wt % of these dispersants.
  • the dispersancy may be provided by 0.3 to 10% of a polymeric Viscosity Index improver dispersant, for example copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with N-vinyl pyrrolidone or dimethylaminoalkyl methacrylate, alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate N-vinyl pyrolidine copolymers, post-grafted interpolymers of ethylene-propylene with an active monomer such as maleic anhydride which may be further reacted with an alcohol or an alkylene polyamine, such as in US-A-4149984; or styrene/maleic anhydride polymers post-reacted with alcohols and amines, ethoxylated derivatives of acrylate polymers such as in US-A-3702300.
  • a polymeric Viscosity Index improver dispersant for example copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with N-vinyl pyrrolidone or dimethylaminoalky
  • Magnesium and/or calcium containing additives are frequently included in lubricating compositions either alone or in combination with other alkali metal or alkaline earth metal additives such as those containing sodium. These may be present for example as the metal salts of sulphonic acids, alkyl phenols, sulphurised alkyl phenols, alkyl salicylates, naphthenates, and other oil soluble mono- and di-carboxylic acids.
  • Highly basic alkaline earth metal alkaryl sulfonates are generally known for example in US-A-3150088 and 3150089.
  • a preferred alkaline earth sulfonate is magnesium or calcium alkyl aromatic sulfonate having a total base number (TBN, as measured by the procedure of ASTM D2896) ranging from 300 to 400.
  • Polyvalent metal alkyl salicylate and naphthenate materials may also be included, such as the methylene and sulfur bridged materials which are readily derived from alkyl substituted salicylic or naphthenic acids or mixtures of either or both with alkyl substituted phenols.
  • Basic sulfurized salicylates and a method for their preparation are shown in US-A-3595791.
  • the individual R groups may each contain from 5 to 40, preferably 8 to 20, carbon atoms.
  • the metal salt is prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol sulfide with a sufficient quantity of metal containing material to impart the desired alkalinity to the sulfurized metal phenate.
  • the sulfurized alkyl phenol is converted by reaction with a metal containing material including oxides, hydroxides and complexes in an amount sufficient to neutralize said phenol and, if desired, to overbase the product to a desired alkalinity by procedures well known in the art.
  • a metal containing material including oxides, hydroxides and complexes in an amount sufficient to neutralize said phenol and, if desired, to overbase the product to a desired alkalinity by procedures well known in the art.
  • Preferred is a process of neutralization utilizing a solution of metal in a glycol ether.
  • Magnesium and calcium containing additives such as described above although beneficial in other respects can increase the tendency of the lubricating oil to oxidise. This is especially true of the highly basic sulphonates.
  • the invention therefore provides a crankcase lubricating composition also containing from 2 to 8000 parts per million of calcium and/or magnesium.
  • the magnesium and/or calcium is generally present as basic or neutral detergents such as the sulphonates and phenates, and preferred additives are basic magnesium or calcium sulphonates.
  • preferred additives are basic magnesium or calcium sulphonates.
  • the oils contain from 500 to 5000 parts per million of calcium and/or magnesium from such additives.
  • compositions of our invention may as an alternative or in addition contain other similar metal-containing detergent additives, for example, those containing barium, sodium, potassium or lithium.
  • the lubricating oil used in the lubricant composition may be a mineral lubricating oil or a synthetic lubricating oil or a mixture thereof.
  • Suitable synthetic oils include diester oils such as di(2-ethyl-hexyl) sebacate, azelate and adipate; complex ester oils such as those formed for dicarboxylic acids, glycols and either monobasic acids or monohydric alcohols; silicone oils; sulfide esters; organic carbonates; hydrocarbon oils and other synthetic oils known to the art.
  • the invention is particularly useful in mineral lubricating oils and has the added benefit that it may allow use of base stock oils that have inferior antioxidant properties to those currently used.
  • the lubricating compositions of the present invention may and usually will contain other traditional lubricant additives provided that they are substantially phosphorus-free - for example, rust inhibitors such as oleic acid and its derivatives, such as N-oleylsarcosine, and oleic acid dimers, and trimers, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate, dodecyl succinic anhydride or ethoxylated alkyl phenols; pour point depressants such as copolymers of vinyl acetate with fumaric acid esters of coconut oil alcohols; and viscosity index improvers such as olefin copolymers or polymethacrylates.
  • rust inhibitors such as oleic acid and its derivatives, such as N-oleylsarcosine, and oleic acid dimers, and trimers, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate, dodecyl succinic anhydride or ethoxylated
  • supplementary antioxidants are included especially when the basestock has poor oxidative stability; and typically the supplementary antioxidant is added to the oil in amounts from 0.1-1.5 wt %.
  • the supplementary antioxidants that are used include phenols, hindered-phenols, bis-phenols, and sulphurised phenols, catechol, alkylated catechols and sulphurised alkyl catechols, diphenylamine and alkyl diphenylamines and phenyl-1-­naphthylamine and its alkylated derivatives.
  • Additives for lubricating oils are generally supplied as concentrates in oil for incorporation into the bulk lubricant.
  • the present invention therefore provides concentrates comprising an oil solution containing:
  • the concentrate may also contain other additives such as the detergents and viscosity index improvers previously described.
  • a particularly preferred concentrate also contains a magnesium and/or calcium containing additive and the invention therefore provides a concentrate which further comprises from 0.01 to 8 wt % of calcium and/or magnesium.
  • Seq. IIID engine test according to ASTM STP 315M Part II in which the maximum and average cam plus lifter wear are measured. A pass in this test is achieved with maximum wear of 0.02 cm (0.008 in.) or better, and an average wear of 0.01 cm (0.004 in.) or better.
  • Kinematic viscosity increase in the Seq. IIID was measured at 40°C as a percentage increase in 64 hours. A pass is achieved in this test by achieving a viscosity increase in 64 hours of not more than 375%.
  • a comparision of Comparative Example V with Example 2 shows that the use of copper not only improves antioxidant performance but also surprisingly improves antiwear performance.
  • the Examples of the invention show that the performance of the formulations is not merely summation of the performance of individual additives, but gives a surprising improvement in antiwear, antioxidant and bearing corrosion performance, while having phosphorus levels below those commercially employed in conventional oils.
  • Comparative Examples VII - IX follow Example 11 of WO-A-8604601, Example 13 of WO-A-8604602 and Example XI of WO-A-06092 but using similar materials selected from those identified by letter in these Examples.
  • the Comparative Examples do not use copper, and the results in Table 3 below show inadequate control of viscosity, whereas the compositions of the invention in Examples 5-7 demonstrate the effectiveness of the invention for use in modern oils exposed to an oxidative environment over a long period with extended engine oil drain times.
  • N is a dispersant similar to dispersant B, but wherein the polyisobutenyl radical has a molecular weight of approximately 1300, and the dispersant contains 1.46 wt % N and 0.32 wt % B.
  • P is an anti-wear additive comprising an oil solution (90% active ingredient) of a diisooctyl zinc dithiophosphate which contains 7.0 wt % P and 7.7 wt % Zn.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
EP88301712A 1987-02-27 1988-02-26 Lubrifiants à basse teneur en phosphore Expired - Lifetime EP0280580B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88301712T ATE82020T1 (de) 1987-02-27 1988-02-26 Phosphorarme schmiermittel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB878704682A GB8704682D0 (en) 1987-02-27 1987-02-27 Low phosphorus lubricants
GB8704682 1987-02-27

Publications (3)

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EP0280580A2 true EP0280580A2 (fr) 1988-08-31
EP0280580A3 EP0280580A3 (en) 1989-07-12
EP0280580B1 EP0280580B1 (fr) 1992-11-04

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EP (1) EP0280580B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2505019B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR960014933B1 (fr)
AR (1) AR244317A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE82020T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU603186B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8800835A (fr)
CA (1) CA1306741C (fr)
DE (1) DE3875630T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK103788A (fr)
ES (1) ES2045102T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB8704682D0 (fr)
MX (1) MX170110B (fr)
MY (1) MY103223A (fr)
NO (1) NO172853C (fr)
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP0391649A2 (fr) * 1989-04-03 1990-10-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne
EP0444830A1 (fr) * 1990-02-26 1991-09-04 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Composition à base de succinimide
WO1995007962A1 (fr) * 1993-09-13 1995-03-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes ayant un pouvoir antioxydant accru
WO1995025781A1 (fr) * 1994-03-24 1995-09-28 Exxon Chemical Limited Compositions lubrifiantes
WO1995031522A1 (fr) * 1994-05-16 1995-11-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes
EP0814148A2 (fr) * 1992-12-21 1997-12-29 Oronite Japan Limited Compositions d'huile moteur à faible teneur en phosphore, et compositions d'additifs
WO2002018521A2 (fr) * 2000-08-29 2002-03-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Composition d'huile de graissage a faible teneur en phosphore
WO2008079715A1 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2008-07-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubrifiant pour moteurs à hydrogène
EP1624043A3 (fr) * 2004-07-28 2009-06-24 Afton Chemical Corporation Fluides de transport de force motrice ayant des caractéristiques de pression extrême et d'anti-usure améliorées
US7563752B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2009-07-21 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil compositions
US7612025B2 (en) 2004-02-04 2009-11-03 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil composition
US7625847B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2009-12-01 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil compositions
EP2337831A2 (fr) * 2008-09-30 2011-06-29 Chevron Oronite Company LLC Composition d'huile de graissage
WO2023161795A1 (fr) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Compositions d'huile lubrifiante
GB2623137A (en) * 2022-11-10 2024-04-10 Afton Chemical Corp Corrosion inhibitor and industrial lubricant including the same
EP4357443A1 (fr) 2022-10-18 2024-04-24 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'huile lubrifiante

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JP2004083746A (ja) 2002-08-27 2004-03-18 Nippon Oil Corp 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
JP2005220197A (ja) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-18 Nippon Oil Corp 鉛含有金属材料と接触する潤滑油組成物
JP4663288B2 (ja) * 2004-10-19 2011-04-06 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 鉛含有金属材料と接触する潤滑油組成物
EP1835013A4 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2010-08-04 Nippon Oil Corp Formule d'huile lubrifiante
EP2559748B1 (fr) * 2011-08-19 2016-06-08 Infineum International Limited Composition d'huile lubrifiante
JP6480323B2 (ja) * 2015-12-28 2019-03-06 Ｊｘｔｇエネルギー株式会社 潤滑油組成物
FI3798287T3 (fi) 2019-09-27 2023-11-02 Ab Nanol Tech Oy Organometallisten suolakoostumusten käyttö valkoisten syöpymishalkeamien muodostumisen vähentämiseen

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US2343756A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-03-07 Du Pont Lubricant
US2356661A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-08-22 Du Pont Lubricating oil
GB779825A (en) * 1953-08-11 1957-07-24 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Methods of improving the oxidation resistance of hydrocarbon oils
US4595514A (en) * 1983-08-23 1986-06-17 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same
WO1986004601A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du soufre et additifs concentres et huiles lubrifiantes les contenant

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US2343756A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-03-07 Du Pont Lubricant
US2356661A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-08-22 Du Pont Lubricating oil
GB779825A (en) * 1953-08-11 1957-07-24 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Methods of improving the oxidation resistance of hydrocarbon oils
US4595514A (en) * 1983-08-23 1986-06-17 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same
WO1986004601A1 (fr) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du soufre et additifs concentres et huiles lubrifiantes les contenant

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0391649A2 (fr) * 1989-04-03 1990-10-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne
EP0391649A3 (fr) * 1989-04-03 1991-03-20 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes sans cendres pour moteurs à combustion interne
EP0444830A1 (fr) * 1990-02-26 1991-09-04 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Composition à base de succinimide
EP0814148A2 (fr) * 1992-12-21 1997-12-29 Oronite Japan Limited Compositions d'huile moteur à faible teneur en phosphore, et compositions d'additifs
EP0814148A3 (fr) * 1992-12-21 1998-01-14 Oronite Japan Limited Compositions d'huile moteur à faible teneur en phosphore, et compositions d'additifs
WO1995007962A1 (fr) * 1993-09-13 1995-03-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes ayant un pouvoir antioxydant accru
US5994277A (en) * 1993-09-13 1999-11-30 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Lubricating compositions with improved antioxidancy comprising added copper, a molybdenum containing compound, aromatic amine and ZDDP
WO1995025781A1 (fr) * 1994-03-24 1995-09-28 Exxon Chemical Limited Compositions lubrifiantes
US5558805A (en) * 1994-03-24 1996-09-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating compositions
WO1995031522A1 (fr) * 1994-05-16 1995-11-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions lubrifiantes
US5731273A (en) * 1994-05-16 1998-03-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating compositions
WO2002018521A3 (fr) * 2000-08-29 2002-05-10 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Composition d'huile de graissage a faible teneur en phosphore
WO2002018521A2 (fr) * 2000-08-29 2002-03-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Composition d'huile de graissage a faible teneur en phosphore
US7625847B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2009-12-01 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil compositions
US7563752B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2009-07-21 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil compositions
US7612025B2 (en) 2004-02-04 2009-11-03 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil composition
EP1624043A3 (fr) * 2004-07-28 2009-06-24 Afton Chemical Corporation Fluides de transport de force motrice ayant des caractéristiques de pression extrême et d'anti-usure améliorées
CN101583702B (zh) * 2006-12-21 2013-11-13 卢布里佐尔公司 用于氢燃料发动机的润滑剂
US8163681B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2012-04-24 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricant for hydrogen-fueled engines
WO2008079715A1 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2008-07-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubrifiant pour moteurs à hydrogène
EP2337831A2 (fr) * 2008-09-30 2011-06-29 Chevron Oronite Company LLC Composition d'huile de graissage
EP2337831A4 (fr) * 2008-09-30 2012-05-23 Chevron Oronite Co Composition d'huile de graissage
WO2023161795A1 (fr) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Compositions d'huile lubrifiante
EP4357443A1 (fr) 2022-10-18 2024-04-24 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'huile lubrifiante
GB2623137A (en) * 2022-11-10 2024-04-10 Afton Chemical Corp Corrosion inhibitor and industrial lubricant including the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG50093G (en) 1993-06-25
MX170110B (es) 1993-09-09
AR244317A1 (es) 1993-10-29
AU603186B2 (en) 1990-11-08
JPS63304096A (ja) 1988-12-12
DE3875630T2 (de) 1993-03-18
EP0280580B1 (fr) 1992-11-04
CA1306741C (fr) 1992-08-25
EP0280580A3 (en) 1989-07-12
NO172853C (no) 1993-09-15
DK103788D0 (da) 1988-02-26
KR960014933B1 (ko) 1996-10-21
MY103223A (en) 1993-05-29
NO880846L (no) 1988-08-29
BR8800835A (pt) 1988-10-04
ES2045102T3 (es) 1994-01-16
ATE82020T1 (de) 1992-11-15
DK103788A (da) 1988-08-28
KR880010106A (ko) 1988-10-07
GB8704682D0 (en) 1987-04-01
NO880846D0 (no) 1988-02-26
DE3875630D1 (de) 1992-12-10
ZA881262B (en) 1988-08-22
NO172853B (no) 1993-06-07
JP2505019B2 (ja) 1996-06-05
AU1235188A (en) 1988-09-01

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