EP0280580A3 - Low phosphorus lubricants - Google Patents

Low phosphorus lubricants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280580A3
EP0280580A3 EP88301712A EP88301712A EP0280580A3 EP 0280580 A3 EP0280580 A3 EP 0280580A3 EP 88301712 A EP88301712 A EP 88301712A EP 88301712 A EP88301712 A EP 88301712A EP 0280580 A3 EP0280580 A3 EP 0280580A3
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
low phosphorus
phosphorus lubricants
lubricants
low
phosphorus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88301712A
Other versions
EP0280580B1 (en
EP0280580A2 (en
Inventor
Terence Colclough
John Frederick Marsh
Frederick Alastair Gibson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Original Assignee
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Chemical Patents Inc filed Critical Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Priority to AT88301712T priority Critical patent/ATE82020T1/en
Publication of EP0280580A2 publication Critical patent/EP0280580A2/en
Publication of EP0280580A3 publication Critical patent/EP0280580A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0280580B1 publication Critical patent/EP0280580B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
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    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/42—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
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    • C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
    • C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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    • C10M145/16—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate polycarboxylic
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/102—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/063—Complexes of boron halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/065—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Ti or Zr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
EP88301712A 1987-02-27 1988-02-26 Low phosphorus lubricants Expired - Lifetime EP0280580B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88301712T ATE82020T1 (en) 1987-02-27 1988-02-26 LOW PHOSPHORUS LUBRICANTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB878704682A GB8704682D0 (en) 1987-02-27 1987-02-27 Low phosphorus lubricants
GB8704682 1987-02-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0280580A2 EP0280580A2 (en) 1988-08-31
EP0280580A3 true EP0280580A3 (en) 1989-07-12
EP0280580B1 EP0280580B1 (en) 1992-11-04

Family

ID=10613078

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88301712A Expired - Lifetime EP0280580B1 (en) 1987-02-27 1988-02-26 Low phosphorus lubricants

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0280580B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2505019B2 (en)
KR (1) KR960014933B1 (en)
AR (1) AR244317A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE82020T1 (en)
AU (1) AU603186B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8800835A (en)
CA (1) CA1306741C (en)
DE (1) DE3875630T2 (en)
DK (1) DK103788A (en)
ES (1) ES2045102T3 (en)
GB (1) GB8704682D0 (en)
MX (1) MX170110B (en)
MY (1) MY103223A (en)
NO (1) NO172853C (en)
SG (1) SG50093G (en)
ZA (1) ZA881262B (en)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2013545C (en) * 1989-04-03 1999-01-26 Glen Paul Fetterman Jr. Improved ashless lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines
EP0444830A1 (en) * 1990-02-26 1991-09-04 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Succinimide composition
DE69332361T2 (en) * 1992-12-21 2003-02-13 Oronite Japan Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Low phosphorus motor oil compositions and additive compositions
DE69422184T2 (en) * 1993-09-13 2000-08-24 Infineum Usa L.P., Linden LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED ANTIOXIDATION PROPERTIES
GB9405903D0 (en) * 1994-03-24 1994-05-11 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating compositions
GB9409756D0 (en) * 1994-05-16 1994-07-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating compositions
GB0021041D0 (en) * 2000-08-29 2000-10-11 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Low phosphorus lubricating oil composition
US7625847B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2009-12-01 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil compositions
US7563752B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2009-07-21 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil compositions
JP2004083746A (en) 2002-08-27 2004-03-18 Nippon Oil Corp Lubricant oil composition for internal combustion engine
JP2005220197A (en) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-18 Nippon Oil Corp Lubricating oil composition to be brought into contact with lead-containing metal material
JP4578115B2 (en) 2004-02-04 2010-11-10 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Lubricating oil composition
US20060025314A1 (en) * 2004-07-28 2006-02-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Power transmission fluids with enhanced extreme pressure and antiwear characteristics
JP4663288B2 (en) * 2004-10-19 2011-04-06 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Lubricating oil composition in contact with lead-containing metal material
EP1835013A4 (en) * 2004-10-19 2010-08-04 Nippon Oil Corp Lubricating oil composition
EP2102321B1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2011-10-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricant for hydrogen-fueled engines
US20100081591A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Lubricating oil compositions
EP2559748B1 (en) * 2011-08-19 2016-06-08 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil composition
JP6480323B2 (en) * 2015-12-28 2019-03-06 Ｊｘｔｇエネルギー株式会社 Lubricating oil composition
DK3798287T3 (en) 2019-09-27 2023-10-09 Ab Nanol Tech Oy USE OF ORGANOMETALLIC SALT COMPOSITIONS TO REDUCE THE FORMATION OF WHITE ETCH CRACKS
WO2023161795A1 (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Lubricating oil compositions
US20240141250A1 (en) 2022-10-18 2024-05-02 Infineum International Limited Lubricating Oil Compositions
GB2623137A (en) * 2022-11-10 2024-04-10 Afton Chemical Corp Corrosion inhibitor and industrial lubricant including the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2343756A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-03-07 Du Pont Lubricant
US2356661A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-08-22 Du Pont Lubricating oil
GB779825A (en) * 1953-08-11 1957-07-24 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Methods of improving the oxidation resistance of hydrocarbon oils
US4595514A (en) * 1983-08-23 1986-06-17 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same
WO1986004601A1 (en) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Sulfur-containing compositions, and additive concentrates and lubricating oils containing same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2056482A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-03-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil compositions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2343756A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-03-07 Du Pont Lubricant
US2356661A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-08-22 Du Pont Lubricating oil
GB779825A (en) * 1953-08-11 1957-07-24 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Methods of improving the oxidation resistance of hydrocarbon oils
US4595514A (en) * 1983-08-23 1986-06-17 Union Oil Company Of California Boron-containing heterocyclic compound and lubricating compositions containing same
WO1986004601A1 (en) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Sulfur-containing compositions, and additive concentrates and lubricating oils containing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY103223A (en) 1993-05-29
EP0280580B1 (en) 1992-11-04
ES2045102T3 (en) 1994-01-16
AU1235188A (en) 1988-09-01
KR880010106A (en) 1988-10-07
NO880846L (en) 1988-08-29
NO172853B (en) 1993-06-07
AU603186B2 (en) 1990-11-08
ATE82020T1 (en) 1992-11-15
SG50093G (en) 1993-06-25
ZA881262B (en) 1988-08-22
DK103788A (en) 1988-08-28
KR960014933B1 (en) 1996-10-21
JPS63304096A (en) 1988-12-12
DE3875630T2 (en) 1993-03-18
GB8704682D0 (en) 1987-04-01
CA1306741C (en) 1992-08-25
NO880846D0 (en) 1988-02-26
EP0280580A2 (en) 1988-08-31
DK103788D0 (en) 1988-02-26
MX170110B (en) 1993-09-09
NO172853C (en) 1993-09-15
AR244317A1 (en) 1993-10-29
JP2505019B2 (en) 1996-06-05
DE3875630D1 (en) 1992-12-10
BR8800835A (en) 1988-10-04

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