EP0377721A1 - Verfahren zur Durchführung von Reaktionen mit geringsten Mengen von fluiden Proben. - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Durchführung von Reaktionen mit geringsten Mengen von fluiden Proben.Info
- Publication number
- EP0377721A1 EP0377721A1 EP89907732A EP89907732A EP0377721A1 EP 0377721 A1 EP0377721 A1 EP 0377721A1 EP 89907732 A EP89907732 A EP 89907732A EP 89907732 A EP89907732 A EP 89907732A EP 0377721 A1 EP0377721 A1 EP 0377721A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reaction vessel
- vessel according
- sample
- receiving tube
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
- B01L3/5082—Test tubes per se
- B01L3/50825—Closing or opening means, corks, bungs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
Definitions
- Reaction vessel for holding the smallest amounts of fluid samples
- the invention relates to a reaction vessel for holding very small amounts of samples.
- reaction In particular in molecular biological work, reactions often have to be carried out at temperatures above 50 (up to 100 ° C) (heat inactivation of proteins, denaturation of nucleic acids, restriction digestion with Taq I and the like). It is customary to carry out these reactions in standard reaction vessels which are used in preheated water baths or in bores of heated metal blocks.
- the volumes of the reaction solutions are normally between 10 and 50 ml, the volumes of the reaction vessels between about 1000 and 2500 ml.
- the reaction vessels therefore contain a large excess of volume, in which water evaporates from the reaction solutions and is deposited on the inside of the lid. This increases the concentrations in the reaction solution, which can sometimes lead to the sample completely drying out. This is extremely cumbersome for the examinations and treatments and can only be prevented by special measures, such as repeated centrifugation of the reaction vessels or coating the reaction solution with oil.
- the object of the invention is to provide a reaction vessel of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the gas volume is combined with a reaction solution filled reaction vessel is so greatly reduced that the evaporation of the reaction solution in larger rooms above it is no longer possible, so that drying out of the sample during the heat treatment is effectively avoided.
- a first idea of the invention is therefore to be seen in the fact that the volume within the reaction vessel which is not required for receiving the sample is reduced by the batch to such an extent that the evaporation space is as small as possible above the sample, as a result of which liquid evaporates from the sample corresponding limits are set.
- Another idea of the invention is to provide an all-round seal by the approach as close as possible above the sample arranged in the sample receiving tube in such a way that the residual volume above the sealing area is separated gas-tight from the actual reaction space in which the sample is located. In this way, the resulting steam is restricted to the relatively small reaction space.
- An essential problem is to make the seal between the attachment and the sample tube so that when the attachment is inserted into the sample tube as little as possible and if possible no pressure is built up in the reaction space. This is important on the one hand, because otherwise the insertion of the approach into the sample tube is only possible with increased effort. In addition, the build-up of a pressure in the reaction space for the sample or the tests to be performed may be harmful.
- the attachment with the sealing lower end or with the sealing element arranged at its lower end can be pushed into the interior of the sample receiving tube without pressure build-up , because a gap allowing a pressure equalization remains between the circumference of the sealing area or sealing element and the inner wall of the sample receiving tube. Only when the sealing area or the sealing element comes into the area of the decreasing cross-section is the sealing connection momentarily, i.e. made with the smallest possible displacement of the approach in the axial direction. There is virtually no pressure build-up within the reaction space.
- the embodiment according to claim 11 has the advantage that the cover and the attachment are manufactured separately and then only have to be put together before use.
- the reaction vessel can thus be used either with or without a batch.
- the approach can also be interchangeable, so that, for example, approaches of different lengths and with different sealing elements at the lower end can be used, with which reaction chambers of different sizes can be separated from the remaining volumes.
- FIG. 3 shows a section analogous to FIG. 2 of an embodiment working with a ring step seal
- FIG. 4 shows a section analogous to FIG. 1 of an embodiment of the reaction vessel provided with a rod-like attachment
- FIG. 5 shows a section through the lower region of a reaction vessel according to FIG. 4 with another embodiment of the sealing elements.
- a sample receiving tube 11 provided with a circular cross section has a conically widening area 11 "" above a rounded tip 24, followed by a relatively short circular cylindrical area 11 "", and above that a short extension section 11 "and finally an • upper circular cylindrical section 11 1 , which is relatively long and has the largest diameter relative to the other parts.
- An outer thread 26 is provided on the outer wall of the sample receiving tube 11, on which a screw cap 12 provided with an inner thread 27 is attached. is screwed.
- the cover 12 On its inside, the cover 12 has a circular cylindrical recess 28 which is open at the bottom. which is concentric to the central axis 23 and in
- the projection 14 could also be fixed in the recess 28 by suitable fastening means, for example adhesive.
- suitable fastening means for example adhesive.
- the extension 14 can be pulled out again when the cover 12 is unscrewed, so that replacement is possible.
- the circumferential flange 29 forming the recess 28 is at a slight radial distance 30 from the inner wall 15 of the sample receiving tube 11, so that in the fully screwed-on state between the upper end wall 31 and a lower ring wall 32 of the cover 12 a margin 33 remains, which is adjacent to a lateral vent opening 25 in the threaded peripheral edge 34 of the cover 12. In this way, pressure equalization can take place between the interior 13 of the sample receiving tube 11 and the atmosphere.
- the hollow cylindrical extension 14 has a slightly smaller outer diameter than the circular cylindrical region 11 ′′ ′′ and merges at the lower end into an end region 20 that tapers slightly downwards, at the lower end of which the extension 14 is closed by a bottom wall 17.
- the conical end region 20 is in a sealing connection 35 with the inner wall 15 of the sample receiving tube 11, which also tapers downward in this region, within the region 11 "".
- the end region 20 with the bottom wall 17 at the lower end of the sample tube 11 separates a reaction space 19 into which a sample 18 is filled, which is exposed to heat treatment by inserting the sample tube 11 into a heating apparatus shall be.
- the batch 14 could be replaced by a slightly longer and narrower batch 14, which is indicated by a dashed line in FIG. 1. In this way, a substantially smaller reaction space 19 'could be separated from the total internal volume of the sample receiving tube 11.
- extension 14 Due to the interchangeability of the extension 14, one and the same cover 12 could be provided with extensions 14 of different lengths and different sizes of reaction spaces.
- a corrugation 21 which facilitates unscrewing and screwing is provided on the outer circumference of the screw cap 12.
- a further corrugation 36 is located on the outer circumference of the upper region 11 'of the sample receiving tube 11 in order to also provide increased resistance when unscrewing the other hand.
- the sample 18 is first filled into the sample receiving tube 11 in the desired amount. Then, depending on the quantity filled in, an extension 14 of suitable length is selected and inserted into the screw cap 12 from below. Then the attachment 14 is introduced into the interior of the sample receiving tube 11 until the cover 12 can finally be screwed onto the external thread 26.
- the cover 12 In this screwing operation, the cover 12 must have sufficient freedom of movement in the axial direction, so that the conical end region 20 of the attachment 14 comes into contact with the inner wall of the conical part 11 "" of the sample receiving tube 11 and continues to rotate of the cover 12 in the closing direction via the lower wall 37 of the cover 12 and the upper end edge 38 of the extension 14, an axial force sufficient for the production of the sealing connection 35 in the direction of the arrow downward can be generated.
- a labeling insert 40 is inserted into an upper recess 39 of the cover 12.
- the entire lower conical end region 20 of the attachment 14 does not abut the conical inner wall of the region 11 "", but rather only a peripheral bead 20 'provided in the region of the bottom wall 17.
- both the end region 20 and the circumferential bead 20 * have a significant distance from the inner wall 15 when the extension 14 is pushed in from above until it comes into engagement with it, this can be immediate Before the sealing connection 35 is made, the reaction space 19 is vented, as a result of which a substantial build-up of pressure in the reaction space 19 is avoided when the sealing connection 35 is being produced.
- an inwardly projecting ring step 22 is provided at the lower end of the circular cylindrical region 11 "', with which the conical end region 20 of the extension 14 interacts in a plug-like manner. This also makes the reaction space 19 gas-tight be separated from the remaining volume above.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that instead of the hollow cylindrical projection 14 a relatively thin rod-shaped projection 14 * made of solid material is provided, which carries at its lower end a sealing plate 17 'which is screwed on of the cover 12 comes into sealing engagement 35 with the inner wall of the conical region 11 "".
- the rod-shaped extension 14 * can also be separated from the cover 12 by pulling it out and replaced, for example, by a longer or shorter extension 14 '.
- annular step 22 can also be provided at the lower end of the circular cylindrical region 11 ′′ when a rod-shaped extension 14 is used, which cooperates with a stopper 20 ′′ attached to the lower end of the rod-shaped extension 14 ′.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8808738U | 1988-07-07 | ||
DE8808738U DE8808738U1 (de) | 1988-07-07 | 1988-07-07 | Gefäß zur Druchführung von Reaktionen bei erhöhter Temperatur |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0377721A1 true EP0377721A1 (de) | 1990-07-18 |
EP0377721B1 EP0377721B1 (de) | 1993-09-15 |
Family
ID=6825755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89907732A Expired - Lifetime EP0377721B1 (de) | 1988-07-07 | 1989-07-07 | Verfahren zur Durchführung von Reaktionen mit geringsten Mengen von fluiden Proben |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5167929A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0377721B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE8808738U1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1990000442A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (50)
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KR100236506B1 (ko) * | 1990-11-29 | 2000-01-15 | 퍼킨-엘머시터스인스트루먼츠 | 폴리머라제 연쇄 반응 수행 장치 |
US6703236B2 (en) | 1990-11-29 | 2004-03-09 | Applera Corporation | Thermal cycler for automatic performance of the polymerase chain reaction with close temperature control |
DE4139810C2 (de) * | 1991-12-03 | 1995-03-09 | Eppendorf Geraetebau Netheler | Deckelgefäß |
US5725832A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1998-03-10 | Gundelsheimer; Peter | Laboratory test tubes for the dosing of liquids |
CA2094317C (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 2003-01-07 | Victor Daykin | Biological specimen collection system |
JP3347824B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 2002-11-20 | 株式会社シゲミ | 核磁気共鳴装置用試料管の製造方法 |
US5620662A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1997-04-15 | Brandeis University | Temporary liquid storage cavities in a centrifuge tube lid |
US5823379A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1998-10-20 | Amersham International Plc | Sealed container for hazardous material |
US5871700A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1999-02-16 | C.A. Greiner & Sohne Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Holding device with a cylindrical container and blood sampling tube with such a holding device |
DE4412286A1 (de) * | 1994-04-09 | 1995-10-12 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | System zur kontaminationsfreien Bearbeitung von Reaktionsabläufen |
US5458113A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1995-10-17 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection assembly |
GB2292737B (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1998-01-07 | Huang Yu Hwei | Personal perfume carrier |
US5750075A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1998-05-12 | Sun International Trading , Ltd. | Chromotography vial |
US5785925A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-07-28 | Saigene Corporation | Centrifuge tube phase separation plug |
US5856194A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1999-01-05 | Abbott Laboratories | Method for determination of item of interest in a sample |
US5795784A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1998-08-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of performing a process for determining an item of interest in a sample |
GB9716052D0 (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1997-10-01 | Secr Defence | Reaction vessels |
US6312886B1 (en) | 1996-12-06 | 2001-11-06 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Brittanic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Reaction vessels |
US5853102A (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-12-29 | Jarrett; Guy R. | Insert for spray gun paint cups |
US5915583A (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 1999-06-29 | Abbott Laboraties | Container |
US5882601A (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-03-16 | Merck & Co., Ltd. | Deflected septum seal access port |
US5924594A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-07-20 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
US6179787B1 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 2001-01-30 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
US5948365A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-09-07 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
US5955032A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-09-21 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
US5938621A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-08-17 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
US5975343A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-11-02 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
US6612997B1 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 2003-09-02 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
DE19748749A1 (de) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-06 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Gefäßverschluß mit Mitteln zur Vermeidung eines Austrages beim Öffnen |
CA2318775C (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2008-05-06 | Douglas Newberg | Housing for receptacle filling |
WO2000053316A1 (de) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-14 | Evotec Biosystems Ag | Probenaufnahmevorrichtung |
US6221307B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2001-04-24 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Collection container assembly |
WO2003004596A1 (fr) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-16 | Precision System Science Co., Ltd. | Recipient de reaction et dispositif de reaction |
AU2003225552A1 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2003-09-02 | Genome Therapeutics Corporation | Seal for microtiter plate and methods of use thereof |
JPWO2003106612A1 (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2005-10-13 | プレシジョン・システム・サイエンス株式会社 | 反応容器及び反応産物抽出装置 |
US7959866B2 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2011-06-14 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Collection assembly |
GB0226863D0 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2002-12-24 | Biogene Ltd | Improvements in and relating to reaction vessels and reaction apparatus for use with such vessels |
GB0229410D0 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2003-01-22 | Molecular Sensing Plc | Sample vessel |
JP4534506B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-03 | 2010-09-01 | ベクトン・ディキンソン・アンド・カンパニー | 容器アセンブリとアセンブリの作製方法 |
US7578977B2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2009-08-25 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Container assembly and method for making assembly |
US20040258563A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2004-12-23 | Applera Corporation | Caps for sample wells and microcards for biological materials |
WO2005110600A2 (en) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-11-24 | Nunc A/S | Tube, cap and rack for automatic handling of samples |
US20060018799A1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-01-26 | Wong Cai Ne W | Universal tissue homogenizer device and methods |
US7722822B2 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2010-05-25 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Sample tube and vial processing system, and method for processing the sample |
US20090165574A1 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-02 | Finnzymes Instruments Oy | Instrument and method for nucleic acid amplification |
CA2662546A1 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-15 | Spartan Bioscience Inc. | Tube for dna reactions |
US9180461B2 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2015-11-10 | Qiagen Gaithersburg, Inc. | Condensation-reducing incubation cover |
USD735881S1 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2015-08-04 | Qiagen Gaithersburg, Inc. | Tube strip holder for automated processing systems |
JPWO2019181106A1 (ja) | 2018-03-19 | 2020-12-03 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 濾過装置 |
CN111077108B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 一种适用于深空探测的激光样品室 |
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DE330179C (de) * | 1919-01-30 | 1920-12-10 | Otto Menn | Fraesmaschine mit waehrend der Leerlaufszeit des Arbeitstisches selbsttaetig erhoehter Drehgeschwindigkeit zum Fraesen von Zahnsegmenten nach dem Abwaelzverfahren |
CH330179A (de) * | 1954-12-13 | 1958-05-31 | Paul Dr Med Boettger | Verfahren zum Verpacken von medizinischem Untersuchungsmaterial sowie Behälter zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US3005564A (en) * | 1959-10-12 | 1961-10-24 | Biolog Res Inc | Laboratory equipment |
DE1865710U (de) * | 1962-07-24 | 1963-01-17 | Irma Dorothee Lautenschlaeger | Verschluss fuer reagenzglaeser. |
DE1275795B (de) * | 1963-01-28 | 1968-08-22 | Eppendorf Geraetebau Netheler | Reaktionsgefaess fuer kleine Fluessigkeitsmengen |
DE6927506U (de) * | 1969-07-09 | 1969-12-18 | Sarstedt W | Reagiergefaess fuer medizinisch-technische untersuchungen von fluessigkeiten. |
DE2355511A1 (de) * | 1973-11-07 | 1975-05-22 | Milchzentrale Mannheim Heidelb | Verschlusskappe fuer bakteriologische zwecke |
WO1983000386A1 (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-02-03 | American Hospital Supply Corp | Container for small quantities of liquids |
US4599315A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1986-07-08 | University Of California Regents | Microdroplet test apparatus |
US4634676A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1987-01-06 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Replica plating device |
US4683058A (en) * | 1986-03-20 | 1987-07-28 | Costar Corporation | Filter for centrifuge tube |
EP0245994A3 (de) * | 1986-04-28 | 1988-07-06 | Ici Australia Limited | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen von Reaktionen |
-
1988
- 1988-07-07 DE DE8808738U patent/DE8808738U1/de not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-07-07 DE DE89907732T patent/DE58905630D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-07 WO PCT/EP1989/000786 patent/WO1990000442A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1989-07-07 EP EP89907732A patent/EP0377721B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-07 US US07/466,359 patent/US5167929A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9000442A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0377721B1 (de) | 1993-09-15 |
DE8808738U1 (de) | 1988-09-01 |
DE58905630D1 (de) | 1993-10-21 |
WO1990000442A1 (de) | 1990-01-25 |
US5167929A (en) | 1992-12-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900302 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19920330 |
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