EP0367912A1 - Mixing and feeding device using compressed air - Google Patents

Mixing and feeding device using compressed air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0367912A1
EP0367912A1 EP89114335A EP89114335A EP0367912A1 EP 0367912 A1 EP0367912 A1 EP 0367912A1 EP 89114335 A EP89114335 A EP 89114335A EP 89114335 A EP89114335 A EP 89114335A EP 0367912 A1 EP0367912 A1 EP 0367912A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
hydraulic
compressed air
motor
drive motor
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Granted
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EP89114335A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0367912B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Dipl.-Ing. Kempf
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Putzmeister Concrete Pumps GmbH
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Putzmeister Werk Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
    • B28C5/0806—Details; Accessories
    • B28C5/0831—Drives or drive systems, e.g. toothed racks, winches
    • B28C5/085—Hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
    • B28C5/10—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing
    • B28C5/12—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers
    • B28C5/1223—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers discontinuously operating mixing devices, e.g. with consecutive containers
    • B28C5/123—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers discontinuously operating mixing devices, e.g. with consecutive containers with pressure or suction means for discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/02—Controlling the operation of the mixing
    • B28C7/022—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component
    • B28C7/026—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component by measuring data of the driving system, e.g. rotational speed, torque, consumed power

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixing and compressed air conveying device, in particular for mortar or concrete, with a mixing vessel which can be filled with mixed material, is connected to a conveying line, contains an agitator and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor, a compressor driven by the drive motor for generating the compressed air, at least one hydraulic pump driven by the drive motor and a hydraulic motor which can be pressurized with pressure oil via a pressure line of the hydraulic pump for driving the agitator.
  • Mixing and compressed air conveyors of this type are used in the construction industry for mixing and conveying thick materials, in particular thick materials with low water content such as mortar, screed concrete or the like.
  • the mix which consists for example of sand and a binder, is fed to the mixing kettle with the addition of water through a filling opening. There, the mix is thoroughly mixed while the agitator is running. To complete the mixing process, the lid of the mixing tank is closed, the compressor is switched on and the compressed air is fed to the mixing tank.
  • the thick matter is conveyed in the form of plugs, which are interrupted by compressed air cushions as soon as the blade of the agitator blocks the escape of material into the delivery line.
  • a diesel engine when the compressor is switched on, its speed is increased at the same time in order to generate a larger amount of compressed air and thus shorten the working cycle of the machine.
  • the increase in the engine speed means that the hydraulic pump and thus the hydraulic motor of the agitator run faster.
  • increasing the speed of the agitator at the start of the conveyance is disadvantageous since the ready-mixed thick matter opposes the agitator with a considerably higher resistance when pressurized with compressed air, which increases the power consumption of the hydraulic motor. Since in practice, for reasons of cost, mixing and compressed air conveyors are designed with the lowest possible motor drive power, the increased power requirement leads to an undesirable drop in the engine speed, and in unfavorable circumstances, even a stalling of the diesel engine.
  • the drive motor may be overloaded if e.g. Clamp coarse stones between the blades of the agitator and the wall of the mixing tank if you accidentally forget to add water before filling the mixing tank or if the mix is loaded too quickly. If the agitator is completely seated, the mixing kettle must be laboriously emptied by hand before work can continue.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a mixing and compressed air delivery device of the type specified, the drive motor is effectively protected from overload while maintaining a high mixing and delivery rate.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the power consumption of the hydraulic pump can always be limited to such an extent in mixed and compressed air conveying devices with hydraulic power transmission that the oil flow to the hydraulic motor can be regulated as a function of the load moment acting on the agitator that it does not overload the Drive motor comes.
  • the oil flow must be controlled in such a way that the speed of the hydraulic motor decreases continuously or in stages as the load torque increases or exceeds at least one adjustable setpoint.
  • the oil pressure in the pressure line expediently serves as the control variable.
  • the oil flow to the hydraulic motor can additionally or alternatively be regulated as a function of the air pressure in the mixing vessel. E.g. exceeds If the air pressure in the mixing tank is the adjustable setpoint of a reversing valve arranged in the consumer-side hydraulic line of at least one hydraulic pump and connected to the mixing tank via a control line, this hydraulic pump can be switched to pressureless circulation, thereby reducing the speed and the power consumption of the agitator. Continuously variable speed control is advantageous when using variable pumps.
  • the agitator expediently runs at a reduced speed at the start of conveying, since due to the high degree of filling of the mixing kettle, thick matter continuously slips in front of the outlet opening of the conveying line, so that rapid feeding through the agitator is not necessary.
  • the reduction in speed can also reduce the stress on the mixing bowl and agitator and thus their wear.
  • an internal combustion engine in particular a diesel engine, is used as the drive motor, the speed of which is increased during the combined conveying and mixing operation in order to generate a larger amount of compressed air for the thick matter conveyance.
  • the power transmission from the drive motor can take place by at least two jointly driven hydraulic pumps, which are expediently designed as constant pumps. Since the speed of the hydraulic motor cannot be continuously changed when using constant pumps, the speed can be reduced in stages by switching one or more hydraulic pumps to unpressurized circulation, for example as soon as the load torque at the agitator reaches or exceeds a certain predetermined setpoint.
  • the pressure in the pressure lines between the hydraulic pumps and the hydraulic motor also increases.
  • the pressure in one of the pressure lines can be supplied via a control line to an adjustable pressure shut-off valve, which can be arranged in the consumer-side hydraulic line of a further hydraulic pump together with a check valve opening towards this pressure line.
  • an adjustable pressure shut-off valve which can be arranged in the consumer-side hydraulic line of a further hydraulic pump together with a check valve opening towards this pressure line.
  • the pressure cut-off valve allows the oil flow from this hydraulic pump to flow off to the tank.
  • a hydraulic pump designed as a variable displacement pump its displacement volume can be steplessly regulated in inverse proportion to the pressure built up in the pressure line between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides a reversal of the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor as soon as the agitator is blocked, e.g. through a larger stone jammed between the shovels and the mixing bowl wall.
  • the direction of rotation can be reversed expediently by means of a reversing valve arranged in the pressure line of the hydraulic motor, which can be controlled by a pressure sensor which responds when a predetermined pressure setpoint in the pressure line is exceeded.
  • the entire pressure oil supply to the hydraulic motor can be directed to the tank as soon as a protective grill arranged at the filling opening of the mixing kettle is opened.
  • a protective grill arranged at the filling opening of the mixing kettle is opened.
  • the pressure oil is expediently discharged to the tank with the aid of a spring-loaded directional valve, the spring of which relaxes when the protective grill is opened by switching over the directional valve.
  • the single figure shows a circuit diagram of a hydraulic power transmission for a mixing and compressed air conveyor.
  • the mixing and conveying device shown in the drawing essentially consists of a mixing vessel 24 that can be loaded with mixed material, is connected to a conveying line 31, contains an agitator 25 and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor 20 designed as a diesel engine, and a compressor 21 that can be driven by the drive motor the generation of the compressed air, and two hydraulic pumps 10, 15 driven jointly by the drive motor 20, which pressurize the hydraulic motor 30 for driving the agitator 25 with pressure oil via pressure lines 11, 12, 13.
  • a reduction gear 37 is arranged between the hydraulic motor 30 and the agitator 25.
  • Mixing kettle 24 is fed with mixed material via the filling opening 22 provided with a protective grill 26.
  • Compressed air is supplied from the compressor 21 to supply compressed air to the mixing kettle 24 with a compressed air supply line 29 opening in the upper region of the mixing kettle 24 and in the outlet opening 28.
  • the thick material in plug form interrupted in sections by compressed air cushions, is conveyed through the conveying line 31 to the construction site.
  • an adjustable directional valve 27 is arranged in the pressure line 13 of the hydraulic pump 15 and can be pneumatically switched over a line 46 when a predetermined air pressure in the mixing vessel 24 is reached. After switching the directional control valve 27, the hydraulic pump 15 conveys the oil flow directly via line 33 to the tank 34.
  • the load on the hydraulic motor 30 also increases, and thus, with the constant delivery of the hydraulic pumps 10, 15, the oil pressure in the pressure lines 11, 12, 13 and in the control line 35 leading to the pressure shut-off valve 40.
  • the pressure reaches a value previously set on the pressure cut-off valve 40, the pressure cut-off valve 40 switches over.
  • the amount of oil delivered by the hydraulic pump 15 flows back to the tank 34 via the return line 33.
  • the check valve 45 prevents the amount of oil delivered by the hydraulic pump 10 is also delivered to the tank 34 via the pressure cut-off valve 40.
  • a reversing valve 17 is arranged, with which the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor 30 can be reversed.
  • the reversing valve 17 is controlled by a pressure sensor 19 which responds to the pressure in the pressure line 12.
  • the hydraulic pump 15 is first switched to pressureless circulation via the pressure cut-off valve 40.
  • the pressure in the pressure line 12 continues to increase until the reversing valve 17 is activated via the pressure sensor 19.
  • the reversing valve 17 switches over and the hydraulic motor 30 and thus the agitator 25 run backwards until after a certain period of time the reversing valve 17 is activated again, so that the hydraulic motor 30 runs forward again. Blocking is usually removed by running backwards for a short time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The device which is suitable in particular for the mixing and feeding of thick materials having a low water content incorporates a mixing vessel (24) which is connected to a delivery line, contains a stirring apparatus and to which compressed air can be admitted, a driving motor (20), a compressor (21) driven by the driving motor and intended for the generation of the compressed air, at least one hydraulic pump (10, 15) driven by the driving motor, and also a hydraulic motor (30) for driving the stirring apparatus, to which motor oil under pressure can be admitted via a pressure line of the hydraulic pump. The flow of oil to the hydraulic motor can be adjusted in such a manner that, during increasing pressure or pressure which exceeds at least one adjustable setpoint value in the pressure line or in the mixing vessel, the hydraulic motor runs more slowly or stops. In order for a blocked stirring apparatus to be driven freely, the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor is automatically reversible. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Misch- und Druckluftförder­gerät, insbesondere für Mörtel oder Beton, mit einem mit Mischgut beschickbaren, an eine Förderleitung ange­schlossenen, ein Rührwerk enthaltenden und mit Druckluft beaufschlagbaren Mischkessel, einem Antriebsmotor, einem durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Kompressor für die Erzeugung der Druckluft, mindestens einer durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Hydropumpe und einem über eine Druckleitung der Hydropumpe mit Drucköl beauf­schlagbaren Hydromotor für den Antrieb des Rührwerks.The invention relates to a mixing and compressed air conveying device, in particular for mortar or concrete, with a mixing vessel which can be filled with mixed material, is connected to a conveying line, contains an agitator and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor, a compressor driven by the drive motor for generating the compressed air, at least one hydraulic pump driven by the drive motor and a hydraulic motor which can be pressurized with pressure oil via a pressure line of the hydraulic pump for driving the agitator.

Misch- und Druckluftfördergeräte dieser Art dienen in der Bauindustrie zur Mischung und Förderung von Dick­stoffen, insbesondere von Dickstoffen mit geringem Was­sergehalt wie Mörtel, Estrich-Beton oder dergleichen. Das beispielsweise aus Sand und einem Bindemittel beste­hende Mischgut wird unter Wasserzugabe über eine Einfüll­öffnung dem Mischkessel zugeführt. Dort wird bei laufen­dem Rührwerk das Mischgut gründlich durchmischt. Zur Förderung wird nach Fertigstellung der Mischung der Deckel des Mischkessels geschlossen, der Kompressor eingeschaltet und die komprimierte Luft dem Mischkessel zugeführt. Der Dickstoff wird in Form von Pfropfen geför­dert, die von Druckluftpolstern unterbrochen werden sobald die Schaufel des Rührwerks das Austreten von Material in die Förderleitung blockiert.Mixing and compressed air conveyors of this type are used in the construction industry for mixing and conveying thick materials, in particular thick materials with low water content such as mortar, screed concrete or the like. The mix, which consists for example of sand and a binder, is fed to the mixing kettle with the addition of water through a filling opening. There, the mix is thoroughly mixed while the agitator is running. To complete the mixing process, the lid of the mixing tank is closed, the compressor is switched on and the compressed air is fed to the mixing tank. The thick matter is conveyed in the form of plugs, which are interrupted by compressed air cushions as soon as the blade of the agitator blocks the escape of material into the delivery line.

Wird als Antriebsmotor ein Dieselmotor verwendet, so wird mit dem Einschalten des Kompressors gleichzeitig dessen Drehzahl erhöht, um eine größere Druckluftmenge zu erzeugen und damit den Arbeitszyklus der Maschine zu verkürzen. Die Erhöhung der Motordrehzahl hat zur Folge, daß auch die Hydropumpe und damit der Hydromotor des Rührwerks schneller laufen. Eine Drehzahlerhöhung des Rührwerks bei Beginn der Förderung ist jedoch un­günstig, da der fertig gemischte Dickstoff beim Beauf­schlagen mit Druckluft dem Rührwerk einen beträchtlich höheren Widerstand entgegensetzt, wodurch sich die Lei­stungsaufnahme des Hydromotors erhöht. Da aus Kostengrün­den in der Praxis Misch- und Druckluftfördergeräte mit möglichst geringer Motorantriebsleistung ausgelegt wer­den, kommt es durch die erhöhte Leistungsanforderung zu einem unerwünschten Absinken der Motordrehzahl, unter ungünstigen Umständen sogar zu einem Abwürgen des Diesel­motors.If a diesel engine is used as the drive motor, when the compressor is switched on, its speed is increased at the same time in order to generate a larger amount of compressed air and thus shorten the working cycle of the machine. The increase in the engine speed means that the hydraulic pump and thus the hydraulic motor of the agitator run faster. However, increasing the speed of the agitator at the start of the conveyance is disadvantageous since the ready-mixed thick matter opposes the agitator with a considerably higher resistance when pressurized with compressed air, which increases the power consumption of the hydraulic motor. Since in practice, for reasons of cost, mixing and compressed air conveyors are designed with the lowest possible motor drive power, the increased power requirement leads to an undesirable drop in the engine speed, and in unfavorable circumstances, even a stalling of the diesel engine.

Bei Geräten mit elektrischem Antriebsmotor kommt es durch das Zuschalten des Kompressors und das dadurch bedingte erhöhte Lastmoment am Rührwerk zu einer starken Erhöhung der Stromaufnahme. Dies kann bei schwach dimen­sionierten Motoren zu einem Ansprechen der Sicherungen führen.In devices with an electric drive motor, switching on the compressor and the resulting increased load torque on the agitator leads to a sharp increase in current consumption. In the case of weakly dimensioned motors, this can trigger the fuses.

Bei bekannten Geräten regelt man deshalb die Leistungs­aufnahme des Kompressors herunter oder setzt Kompressoren geringerer Leistung ein, jedoch wird dann die Förderlei­stung der Maschine reduziert und damit der Arbeitszyklus verlängert.In known devices, therefore, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced or compressors of lower power are used, but the delivery capacity of the machine is then reduced and the working cycle is thus extended.

Zudem kann es zu einer Überlastung des Antriebsmotors kommen, wenn sich z.B. grobe Steine zwischen den Schaufeln des Rührwerks und der Wand des Mischkessels verklemmen, wenn versehentlich vor Befüllen des Mischkessels vergessen wird Wasser zuzugeben oder wenn die Beschickung mit Misch­gut zu schnell erfolgt. Sitzt das Rührwerk vollständig fest, so muß der Mischkessel von Hand mühsam entleert werden, bevor weitergearbeitet werden kann.In addition, the drive motor may be overloaded if e.g. Clamp coarse stones between the blades of the agitator and the wall of the mixing tank if you accidentally forget to add water before filling the mixing tank or if the mix is loaded too quickly. If the agitator is completely seated, the mixing kettle must be laboriously emptied by hand before work can continue.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Misch- und Druckluftfördergerät der eingangs angegebenen Art zu entwickeln, dessen Antriebsmotor unter Erhaltung einer hohen Misch- und Förderleistung wirksam vor Überlastung geschützt ist.The invention has for its object to develop a mixing and compressed air delivery device of the type specified, the drive motor is effectively protected from overload while maintaining a high mixing and delivery rate.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe werden die im kennzeichnenden Teil der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 angegebenen Merkmale vorge­schlagen. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiter­bildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.To achieve the object, the features specified in the characterizing part of claims 1 to 4 are proposed. Further advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the dependent claims.

Der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung liegt die Erkenntnis zu­grunde, daß bei Misch- und Druckluftfördergeräten mit hydraulischer Kraftübertragung durch die Regelbarkeit des Ölstroms zum Hydromotor in Abhängigkeit von dem auf das Rührwerk wirkenden Lastmoment die Leistungsaufnahme der Hydropumpe stets soweit begrenzt werden kann, daß es nicht zu einer Überlastung des Antriebsmotors kommt.The solution according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the power consumption of the hydraulic pump can always be limited to such an extent in mixed and compressed air conveying devices with hydraulic power transmission that the oil flow to the hydraulic motor can be regulated as a function of the load moment acting on the agitator that it does not overload the Drive motor comes.

Dabei muß der Ölstrom derart geregelt werden, daß bei steigendem oder bei mindestens einen einstellbaren Soll­wert übersteigendem Lastmoment die Drehzahl des Hydromo­tors kontinuierlich oder stufenweise abnimmt. Als Regel­größe dient zweckmäßig der Öldruck in der Druckleitung.The oil flow must be controlled in such a way that the speed of the hydraulic motor decreases continuously or in stages as the load torque increases or exceeds at least one adjustable setpoint. The oil pressure in the pressure line expediently serves as the control variable.

Um insbesondere bei Beginn des Fördervorgangs eine Über­lastung des Antriebsmotors zu verhindern kann zusätzlich oder alternativ dazu der Ölstrom zum Hydromotor in Ab­hängigkeit vom Luftdruck im Mischkessel regelbar sein. Übersteigt z.B. der Luftdruck im Mischkessel den einstell­baren Sollwert eines in der verbraucherseitigen Hydraulik­leitung mindestens einer Hydropumpe angeordneten und über eine Steuerleitung mit dem Mischkessel verbundenen Umsteuerventils, so kann diese Hydropumpe auf drucklosen Umlauf geschaltet und dadurch die Drehzahl und die Lei­stungsaufnahme des Rührwerks reduziert werden. Bei Verwen­dung von Verstellpumpen ist eine stufenlose Drehzahlrege­lung vorteilhaft.In order to prevent overloading of the drive motor, in particular at the start of the delivery process, the oil flow to the hydraulic motor can additionally or alternatively be regulated as a function of the air pressure in the mixing vessel. E.g. exceeds If the air pressure in the mixing tank is the adjustable setpoint of a reversing valve arranged in the consumer-side hydraulic line of at least one hydraulic pump and connected to the mixing tank via a control line, this hydraulic pump can be switched to pressureless circulation, thereby reducing the speed and the power consumption of the agitator. Continuously variable speed control is advantageous when using variable pumps.

Das Rührwerk läuft bei Förderbeginn zweckmäßig mit redu­zierter Drehzahl, da bedingt durch den hohen Füllungsgrad des Mischkessels laufend Dickstoff vor die Austrittsöff­nung der Förderleitung rutscht, so daß ein schnelles Zufördern durch das Rührwerk nicht notwendig ist. Auch läßt sich durch die Drehzahlreduzierung die Beanspruchung von Mischkessel und Rührwerk und damit deren Verschleiß senken.The agitator expediently runs at a reduced speed at the start of conveying, since due to the high degree of filling of the mixing kettle, thick matter continuously slips in front of the outlet opening of the conveying line, so that rapid feeding through the agitator is not necessary. The reduction in speed can also reduce the stress on the mixing bowl and agitator and thus their wear.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird als Antriebsmotor ein Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere ein Dieselmotor eingesetzt, dessen Drehzahl während des kombinierten Förder- und Mischbetriebs erhöht wird, um eine größere Druckluftmenge für die Dickstofförderung zu erzeugen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, is used as the drive motor, the speed of which is increased during the combined conveying and mixing operation in order to generate a larger amount of compressed air for the thick matter conveyance.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfin­dung kann die Kraftübertragung vom Antriebsmotor durch mindestens zwei gemeinsam angetriebene Hydropumpen erfol­gen, die zweckmäßig als Konstantpumpen ausgebildet sind. Da bei Verwendung von Konstantpumpen die Drehzahl des Hydromotors nicht kontinuierlich veränderbar ist, kann die Verringerung der Drehzahl stufenweise durch Umschalten einer oder mehrerer Hydropumpen auf drucklosen Umlauf erfolgen, beispielsweise sobald das Lastmoment am Rührwerk einen bestimmten vorgegebenen Sollwert erreicht oder übersteigt.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the power transmission from the drive motor can take place by at least two jointly driven hydraulic pumps, which are expediently designed as constant pumps. Since the speed of the hydraulic motor cannot be continuously changed when using constant pumps, the speed can be reduced in stages by switching one or more hydraulic pumps to unpressurized circulation, for example as soon as the load torque at the agitator reaches or exceeds a certain predetermined setpoint.

Durch ein steigendes Lastmoment am Rührwerk steigt auch der Druck in den Druckleitungen zwischen den Hydropumpen und dem Hydromotor. Der Druck in einer der Druckleitungen kann über eine Steuerleitung einem einstellbaren Druckab­schaltventil zugeführt werden, das zusammen mit einem zu dieser Druckleitung hin öffnenden Rückschlagventil in der verbraucherseitigen Hydraulikleitung einer weiteren Hydropumpe angeordnet sein kann. Bei Erreichen des einge­stellten Drucks läßt das Druckabschaltventil den Ölstrom dieser Hydropumpe zum Tank hin abfließen.Due to an increasing load torque on the agitator, the pressure in the pressure lines between the hydraulic pumps and the hydraulic motor also increases. The pressure in one of the pressure lines can be supplied via a control line to an adjustable pressure shut-off valve, which can be arranged in the consumer-side hydraulic line of a further hydraulic pump together with a check valve opening towards this pressure line. When the set pressure is reached, the pressure cut-off valve allows the oil flow from this hydraulic pump to flow off to the tank.

Wird eine als Verstellpumpe ausgebildete Hydropumpe ver­wendet, so läßt sich deren Verdrängungsvolumen umgekehrt proportional zu dem in der Druckleitung zwischen Hydro­pumpe und Hydromotor aufgebauten Druck stufenlos regeln.If a hydraulic pump designed as a variable displacement pump is used, its displacement volume can be steplessly regulated in inverse proportion to the pressure built up in the pressure line between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht eine Umkehr der Drehrichtung des Hydromotors vor, sobald das Rührwerk blockiert wird, z.B. durch einen größeren Stein, der sich zwischen Schaufeln und Mischkesselwand verklemmt. Die Umkehr der Drehrichtung kann zweckmäßig mittels eines in der Druckleitung des Hydromotors angeord­neten Umsteuerventils erfolgen, das über einen Drucksensor ansteuerbar sein kann, der bei Uberschreiten eines vorge­gebenen Drucksollwerts in der Druckleitung anspricht.Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides a reversal of the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor as soon as the agitator is blocked, e.g. through a larger stone jammed between the shovels and the mixing bowl wall. The direction of rotation can be reversed expediently by means of a reversing valve arranged in the pressure line of the hydraulic motor, which can be controlled by a pressure sensor which responds when a predetermined pressure setpoint in the pressure line is exceeded.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Er­findung kann die gesamte Druckölzufuhr zum Hydromotor zum Tank geleitet werden, sobald ein an der Einfüllöff­nung des Mischkessels angeordneter Schutzgrill geöffnet wird. Eine derartige Maßnahme dient insbesondere der Unfallverhütung, indem sie ein Hineingreifen in den Misch­kessel bei laufendem Rührwerk verhindert. Zweckmäßig erfolgt die Ableitung des Drucköls zum Tank mit Hilfe eines federgespannten Wegeventils, dessen Feder sich beim Öffnen des Schutzgrills durch Umschalten des Wegeven­tils entspannt.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the entire pressure oil supply to the hydraulic motor can be directed to the tank as soon as a protective grill arranged at the filling opening of the mixing kettle is opened. Such a measure serves in particular to prevent accidents by preventing reaching into the mixing bowl while the agitator is running. The pressure oil is expediently discharged to the tank with the aid of a spring-loaded directional valve, the spring of which relaxes when the protective grill is opened by switching over the directional valve.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeich­nung in schematischer Weise dargestellten Ausführungs­beispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing.

Die einzige Figur zeigt ein Schaltschema einer hydrau­lischen Kraftübertragung für ein Misch- und Druckluft­fördergerät.The single figure shows a circuit diagram of a hydraulic power transmission for a mixing and compressed air conveyor.

Das in der Zeichnung dargestellte Misch- und Fördergerät besteht im wesentlichen aus einem mit Mischgut beschick­baren, an eine Förderleitung 31 angeschlossenen, ein Rührwerk 25 enthaltenden und mit Druckluft beaufschlag­baren Mischkessel 24, einem als Dieselmotor ausgebildeten Antriebsmotor 20, einem durch den Antriebsmotor antreib­baren Kompressor 21 für die Erzeugung der Druckluft, sowie zwei gemeinsam durch den Antriebsmotor 20 angetrie­benen Hydropumpen 10,15, die über Druckleitungen 11,12,13 den Hydromotor 30 für den Antrieb des Rührwerks 25 mit Drucköl beaufschlagen. Zwischen Hydromotor 30 und Rührwerk 25 ist ein Untersetzungsgetriebe 37 angeordnet.The mixing and conveying device shown in the drawing essentially consists of a mixing vessel 24 that can be loaded with mixed material, is connected to a conveying line 31, contains an agitator 25 and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor 20 designed as a diesel engine, and a compressor 21 that can be driven by the drive motor the generation of the compressed air, and two hydraulic pumps 10, 15 driven jointly by the drive motor 20, which pressurize the hydraulic motor 30 for driving the agitator 25 with pressure oil via pressure lines 11, 12, 13. A reduction gear 37 is arranged between the hydraulic motor 30 and the agitator 25.

Die Beschickung des Mischkessels 24 mit Mischgut erfolgt über die mit einem Schutzgrill 26 versehene Einfüllöff­nung 22. Für die Beaufschlagung des Mischkessels 24 mit Druckluft ist ausgehend vom Kompressor 21 eine im oberen Bereich des Mischkessels 24, sowie in der Austrittsöffnung 28 mündende Druckluftzuleitung 29 vorgesehen. Während des Fördervorgangs wird der Dickstoff in Pfropfenform, abschnittsweise von Druckluftpolstern unterbrochen, durch die Förderleitung 31 zur Baustelle gefördert.Mixing kettle 24 is fed with mixed material via the filling opening 22 provided with a protective grill 26. Compressed air is supplied from the compressor 21 to supply compressed air to the mixing kettle 24 with a compressed air supply line 29 opening in the upper region of the mixing kettle 24 and in the outlet opening 28. During the conveying process, the thick material in plug form, interrupted in sections by compressed air cushions, is conveyed through the conveying line 31 to the construction site.

Um bei Beginn des Fördervorgangs die Drehzahl des Rühr­werks 25 verringern zu können, ist in der Druckleitung 13 der Hydropumpe 15 ein einstellbares Wegeventil 27 angeordnet, das bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Luft­drucks im Mischkessel 24 über eine Leitung 46 pneumatisch umschaltbar ist. Nach Umschalten des Wegeventils 27 för­dert die Hydropumpe 15 den Ölstrom direkt über die Leitung 33 zum Tank 34.In order to be able to reduce the speed of the agitator 25 at the start of the conveying process, an adjustable directional valve 27 is arranged in the pressure line 13 of the hydraulic pump 15 and can be pneumatically switched over a line 46 when a predetermined air pressure in the mixing vessel 24 is reached. After switching the directional control valve 27, the hydraulic pump 15 conveys the oil flow directly via line 33 to the tank 34.

Steigt das auf das Rührwerk 25 wirkende Lastmoment, so steigt auch die Belastung des Hydromotors 30 und damit bei gleichbleibender Förderung der Hydropumpen 10,15 der Öldruck in den Druckleitungen 11,12,13 sowie in der zum Druckabschaltventil 40 führenden Steuerleitung 35. Erreicht der Druck einen zuvor am Druckabschaltventil 40 eingestellten Wert, so schaltet das Druckabschaltventil 40 um. Die von der Hydropumpe 15 geförderte Ölmenge fließt über die Rücklaufleitung 33 direkt zum Tank 34 zurück. Das Rückschlagventil 45 verhindert dabei, daß die von der Hydropumpe 10 geförderte Ölmenge ebenfalls über das Druckabschaltventil 40 zum Tank 34 gefördert wird.If the load torque acting on the agitator 25 increases, the load on the hydraulic motor 30 also increases, and thus, with the constant delivery of the hydraulic pumps 10, 15, the oil pressure in the pressure lines 11, 12, 13 and in the control line 35 leading to the pressure shut-off valve 40. The pressure reaches a value previously set on the pressure cut-off valve 40, the pressure cut-off valve 40 switches over. The amount of oil delivered by the hydraulic pump 15 flows back to the tank 34 via the return line 33. The check valve 45 prevents the amount of oil delivered by the hydraulic pump 10 is also delivered to the tank 34 via the pressure cut-off valve 40.

Beim Öffnen eines an der Eintrittsöffnung 22 des Mischkes­sels 24 vorgesehenen Schutzgrills 26 wird die Feder des im weiteren Verlauf der Druckleitung 12 angeordneten federfixierten Wegeventils 32 durch Umschalten des Ventils 32 entlastet. Bei entlasteter Feder sind beide Hydropumpen 10,15 auf drucklosen Umlauf geschaltet.When a protective grill 26 provided at the inlet opening 22 of the mixing vessel 24 is opened, the spring of the spring-fixed directional valve 32 arranged in the further course of the pressure line 12 is relieved by switching over the valve 32. When the spring is released, both hydraulic pumps 10, 15 are switched to pressureless circulation.

Im weiteren Verlauf der Druckleitung 12 ist ein Umsteuer­ventil 17 angeordnet, mit dem sich die Drehrichtung des Hydromotors 30 umkehren läßt. Das Umsteuerventil 17 wird über einen, auf den Druck in der Druckleitung 12 anspre­chenden Drucksensor 19 angesteuert. Beim Blockieren des Rührwerks 25 steigt das Lastmoment am Rührwerk und damit der Druck in der Druckleitung 12 schnell an. Bei Erreichen eines am Druckabschaltventil 40 eingestellten Drucksoll­werts wird zuerst die Hydropumpe 15 über das Druckab­schaltventil 40 auf drucklosen Umlauf geschaltet. Da hierdurch jedoch die Ursache der Blockierung nicht besei­tigt wird, erhöht sich der Druck in der Druckleitung 12 so lange weiter, bis über den Drucksensor 19 das Um­steuerventil 17 angesteuert wird. Das Umsteuerventil 17 schaltet um und der Hydromotor 30 und damit das Rühr­werk 25 laufen rückwärts, bis nach Ablauf einer gewissen Zeitdauer das Umsteuerventil 17 erneut angesteuert wird, so daß der Hydromotor 30 wieder vorwärts läuft. Durch das kurzzeitige Rückwärtslaufen wird die Blockierung in aller Regel beseitigt.In the further course of the pressure line 12, a reversing valve 17 is arranged, with which the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor 30 can be reversed. The reversing valve 17 is controlled by a pressure sensor 19 which responds to the pressure in the pressure line 12. When the agitator 25 is blocked, the load moment at the agitator and thus the pressure in the pressure line 12 increases rapidly. When a pressure setpoint set on the pressure cut-off valve 40 is reached, the hydraulic pump 15 is first switched to pressureless circulation via the pressure cut-off valve 40. However, since this does not eliminate the cause of the blockage, the pressure in the pressure line 12 continues to increase until the reversing valve 17 is activated via the pressure sensor 19. The reversing valve 17 switches over and the hydraulic motor 30 and thus the agitator 25 run backwards until after a certain period of time the reversing valve 17 is activated again, so that the hydraulic motor 30 runs forward again. Blocking is usually removed by running backwards for a short time.

Claims (12)

1. Misch- und Druckluftfördergerät, insbesondere für Mörtel oder Beton, mit einem mit Mischgut beschick­baren, an eine Förderleitung angeschlossenen, ein Rührwerk enthaltenden und mit Druckluft beaufschlag­baren Mischkessel, einem Antriebsmotor, einem durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Kompressor für die Erzeugung der Druckluft, mindestens einer durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Hydropumpe und einem über eine Druckleitung der Hydropumpe mit Drucköl beaufschlagbaren Hydromotor für den Antrieb des Rühr­werks, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ölstrom zum Hydromotor (30) in Abhängigkeit von dem auf das Rühr­werk (25) wirkenden Lastmoment regelbar ist, daß bei steigendem oder bei mindestens einen einstell­baren Sollwert übersteigendem Lastmoment die Dreh­zahl des Hydromotors (30) kontinuierlich oder stufen­weise abnimmt.1.Mixing and compressed air conveying device, in particular for mortar or concrete, with a mixing vessel which can be loaded with mixed material, connected to a delivery line, contains an agitator and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor, a compressor driven by the drive motor for generating the compressed air, at least one by the drive motor driven hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor which can be pressurized with pressure oil via a pressure line of the hydraulic pump for driving the agitator, characterized in that the oil flow to the hydraulic motor (30) can be regulated as a function of the load torque acting on the agitator (25), that at increasing or at least one adjustable setpoint exceeding load torque, the speed of the hydraulic motor (30) decreases continuously or gradually. 2. Misch- und Druckluftfördergerät, insbesondere für Mörtel oder Beton, mit einem mit Mischgut beschick­baren, an eine Förderleitung angeschlossenen, ein Rührwerk enthaltenden und mit Druckluft beaufschlag­baren Mischkessel, einem Antriebsmotor, einem durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Kompressor für die Erzeugung der Druckluft, mindestens einer durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Hydropumpe und einem über eine Druckleitung der Hydropumpe mit Drucköl beaufschlagbaren Hydromotor für den Antrieb des Rühr­werks, insbesondere nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß der Ölstrom zum Hydromotor (30) in Abhängigkeit vom Druck in der Druckleitung (11,12) so regelbar ist, daß bei steigendem oder bei mindes­tens einen einstellbaren Sollwert übersteigendem Druck die Drehzahl des Hydromotors (30) kontinuier­lich oder stufenweise abnimmt.2.Mixing and compressed air conveying device, in particular for mortar or concrete, with a mixing vessel which can be mixed with material, connected to a delivery line, contains an agitator and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor, a compressor driven by the drive motor for generating the compressed air, at least one by the drive motor driven hydraulic pump and via a pressure line of the hydraulic pump with pressurized oil hydraulic motor for driving the agitator, in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil flow to the hydraulic motor (30) in Depending on the pressure in the pressure line (11, 12), it can be regulated so that the pressure of the hydraulic motor (30) decreases continuously or in stages as the pressure increases or exceeds at least one adjustable setpoint. 3. Misch- und Druckluftfördergerät, insbesondere für Mörtel oder Beton, mit einem mit Mischgut beschick­baren, an eine Förderleitung angeschlossenen, ein Rührwerk enthaltenden und mit Druckluft beaufschlag­baren Mischkessel, einem Antriebsmotor, einem durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Kompressor für die Erzeugung der Druckluft, mindestens einer durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Hydropumpe und einem über eine Druckleitung der Hydropumpe mit Drucköl beaufschlagbaren Hydromotor für den antrieb des Rühr­werks, insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ölstrom zum Hydro­motor (30) nach Maßgabe des im Mischkessel (24) aufge­bauten Luftdrucks so regelbar ist, daß bei steigendem oder mindestens einen einstellbaren Sollwert überstei­gendem Luftdruck die Drehzahl des Hydromotors (30) kontinuierlich oder stufenweise abnimmt.3.Mixing and compressed air conveying device, in particular for mortar or concrete, with a mixing vessel which can be loaded with mixed material, connected to a delivery line, contains an agitator and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor, a compressor driven by the drive motor for generating the compressed air, at least one by the drive motor driven hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor which can be pressurized with pressure oil via a pressure line of the hydraulic pump for driving the agitator, in particular according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the oil flow to the hydraulic motor (30) in accordance with the in the mixing vessel (24) built-up air pressure can be controlled so that the air motor (30) speed decreases continuously or gradually when the air pressure rises or exceeds at least one adjustable setpoint. 4. Misch- und Druckluftfördergerät, insbesondere für Mörtel oder Beton, mit einem mit Mischgut beschick­baren, an eine Förderleitung angeschlossenen, ein Rührwerk enthaltenden und mit Druckluft beaufschlag­baren Mischkessel, einem Antriebsmotor, einem durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Kompressor für die Erzeugung der Druckluft, mindestens einer durch den Antriebsmotor angetriebenen Hydropumpe und einem über eine Druckleitung der Hydropumpe mit Drucköl beaufschlagbaren Hydromotor für den Antrieb des Rühr­werks, insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehrichtung des Hydromotors (30) bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Drucksollwerts in der Druckleitung (12) umkehrbar ist.4.Mixing and compressed air conveying device, in particular for mortar or concrete, with a mixing vessel which can be mixed with material, connected to a delivery line, contains an agitator and can be pressurized with compressed air, a drive motor, a compressor driven by the drive motor for generating the compressed air, at least one driven by the drive motor and a hydraulic pump via a pressure line of the hydraulic pump Actuable hydraulic motor for driving the agitator, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor (30) is reversible when a predetermined pressure setpoint in the pressure line (12) is exceeded. 5. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Druckölzufuhr zum Hydromotor 30) (bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Drucksoll­werts in der Druckleitung (11,12) und/oder beim Öff­nen eines im Bereich einer Einfüllöffnung des Misch­kessels (24) angeordneten Schutzgrills (26) abschalt­bar ist.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressure oil supply to the hydraulic motor 30) (when a predetermined pressure setpoint in the pressure line (11,12) is exceeded and / or when opening a in the area of a filling opening of the mixing vessel (24) arranged protective grills (26) can be switched off. 6. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der Antriebsmotor (20) als Verbren­nungsmotor, vorzugsweise als Dieselmotor ausgebildet ist.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drive motor (20) is designed as an internal combustion engine, preferably as a diesel engine. 7. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch ge­gekennzeichnet durch mindestens zwei durch den Antriebs­motor (20) gemeinsam angetriebene Hydropumpen (10,15), deren Ölströme bei niedrigen, in der Druckleitung (11,12) und/oder im Mischkessel (24) herrschenden Drücken parallel geschaltet sind und bei Überschreiten mindesens eines einstellbaren Drucksollwerts in der Druckleitung (11,12) und/oder im Mischkessel (24) par­tiell auf drucklosen Umlauf umschaltbar sind.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by at least two hydraulic pumps (10, 15) driven jointly by the drive motor (20), the oil flows of which at low, in the pressure line (11, 12) and / or in the mixing vessel ( 24), the prevailing pressures are connected in parallel and, if at least one adjustable pressure setpoint in the pressure line (11, 12) and / or in the mixing vessel (24) is exceeded, they can be partially switched to unpressurized circulation. 8. Gerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der verbraucherseitigen Hydraulikleitung (13) mindes­tens einer der Hydropumpen (10,15) ein über den Druck in der Druckleitung (11,12) ansteuerbares, einstellbares Druckabschaltventil (40) und ein zur Druckleitung (11,12) hin öffnendes Rückschlagventil (45) angeordnet ist.8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that in the consumer-side hydraulic line (13) at least one of the hydraulic pumps (10, 15) can be controlled via the pressure in the pressure line (11, 12), adjustable pressure shut-off valve (40) and one to the pressure line (11,12) opening check valve (45) is arranged. 9. Gerät nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der verbraucherseitigen Hydraulikleitung (13) mindestens einer der Hydropumpen (10,15) ein auf einen vorgegebenen Drucksollwert einstellbares, durch den Druck im Mischkessel (24) vorzugsweise pneumatisch oder hydraulisch ansteuerbares Umsteuerventil (27) angeordnet ist.9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in the consumer-side hydraulic line (13) at least one of the hydraulic pumps (10, 15) an adjustable to a predetermined pressure setpoint, preferably pneumatically or hydraulically controllable reversing valve by the pressure in the mixing vessel (24) (27) is arranged. 10. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Hydropumpe (15) als Verstellpumpe ausgebildet ist, deren Verdrängungsvolumen umgekehrt proportional zu dem in der Druckleitung (12) aufgebau­ten Druck stufenlos regelbar ist.10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (15) is designed as a variable displacement pump, the displacement of which is infinitely variable in inverse proportion to the pressure built up in the pressure line (12). 11. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, gekennzeichnet durch ein in der Druckleitung (12) des Hydromotors (30) angeordnetes, die Drehrichtung des Hydromotors (30) vorzugsweise alternierend umkehrendes Umsteuer­ventil (17).11. Device according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized by a in the pressure line (12) of the hydraulic motor (30) arranged, the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor (30) preferably alternately reversing reversing valve (17). 12. Gerät nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Umsteuerventil (17) über einen auf den Druck in der Druckleitung (12) des Hydromotors (30) ansprechen­den Drucksensor (19) ansteuerbar ist.12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the reversing valve (17) via a pressure sensor (19) responsive to the pressure in the pressure line (12) of the hydraulic motor (30) can be controlled.
EP89114335A 1988-10-29 1989-08-03 Mixing and feeding device using compressed air Expired - Lifetime EP0367912B1 (en)

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DE3836930A DE3836930A1 (en) 1988-10-29 1988-10-29 MIXED AND COMPRESSED AIR CONVEYOR
DE3836930 1988-10-29

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EP0367912B1 EP0367912B1 (en) 1993-07-28

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DE3836930A1 (en) 1990-05-03
ES2043983T3 (en) 1994-01-01
EP0367912B1 (en) 1993-07-28

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