EP0362022B1 - Kombinations-Kochherd - Google Patents

Kombinations-Kochherd Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0362022B1
EP0362022B1 EP89402565A EP89402565A EP0362022B1 EP 0362022 B1 EP0362022 B1 EP 0362022B1 EP 89402565 A EP89402565 A EP 89402565A EP 89402565 A EP89402565 A EP 89402565A EP 0362022 B1 EP0362022 B1 EP 0362022B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
muffle
cavity
oven according
plate
combined oven
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89402565A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0362022A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Scholtes
Michel Hoffmann
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Scholtes Ste
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Scholtes Ste
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT89402565T priority Critical patent/ATE67837T1/de
Publication of EP0362022A1 publication Critical patent/EP0362022A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0362022B1 publication Critical patent/EP0362022B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B11/00—Heating by combined application of processes covered by two or more of groups H05B3/00 - H05B7/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
    • H05B6/6482—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with radiant heating, e.g. infrared heating
    • H05B6/6485—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with radiant heating, e.g. infrared heating further combined with convection heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
    • F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
    • F24C15/325—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation electrically-heated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave oven and more particularly relates to a combination oven combining heating by microwave energy with a traditional calorific contribution by heating resistors and convection of the internal atmosphere of the oven.
  • microwave ovens where the electromagnetic waves supplied by an appropriate source and channeled in a guide opening into the oven cavity, are distributed in the latter according to various methods.
  • One of these consists in placing in this cavity or muffle of the furnace, in the vicinity of the iris at the outlet of the waves outside the guide, a propeller with metal blades driven in rotation and that the microwaves coming from the guide come strike by changing phase and then reflecting directions which vary at every moment due to the relative inclination of the blades and their drive.
  • Another conventional solution also consists in providing the oven muffle with a turntable, supporting the load to be heated.
  • the waves which are established in the oven in a non-uniform way with a succession of hot and cold points, realize in combination with the rotation of the plate a continuous variation of the position of the maxima and minima of energy within the load which, overall, receives roughly uniform energy.
  • the device requires an additional drive motor for the plate, with mounting on the axis of the latter of a wave trap to avoid the harmful output of a fraction of the microwave energy along this axis.
  • this device is well suited when the oven operates exclusively with microwave energy, it is not suitable for a combi-oven, in particular in which the problems of expansion between the metal and ceramic parts, in particular during pyrolysis phases, raise difficulties, serious and delicate to overcome.
  • the rotating antenna is generally located in the roof of the muffle in the vicinity of the grill element, which further increases the problem of temperature resistance.
  • this device is expensive and, once again, significantly reduces the useful volume of the muffle.
  • the present invention relates to a microwave heating oven combined with traditional heating, which overcomes the disadvantages of solutions known in the art, by allowing a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field in the muffle of the oven, without reducing the useful volume of the latter and without disturbing the path of the convection currents which provide permanent air circulation in the oven to distribute the calories supplied by the heating resistors and by the grill resistance which is usually provided with the upper part of the muffle from the oven.
  • the oven in question comprising a muffle with preferably insulated walls, a door on the front face, side walls, a bottom hearth and an upper vault, and a bottom wall, a distribution sheet delimiting between it and the bottom wall a cavity in which is mounted the blade turbine of a fan secured to an axis passing through the bottom wall and driven by an electric motor disposed on the opposite side of the cavity relative to this wall, this sheet comprising orifices distributed so as to allow the forced convection by the turbine of a current of air, preferably sucked in by the central part of the sheet and returned in the vicinity of its lateral sides, and possibly towards the bottom and the arch of the muffle, and at least one source of microwave waves, located outside the muffle and associated with a waveguide opening into the muffle through at least one exit iris, is characterized in that the wave exit iris is located in the wall bottom of the muffle opposite a passage provided in the distribution sheet, so that the wave flux is divided between a first fraction entering the muffle through this passage and
  • the invention thus makes it possible, in a traditional baking oven, comprising a ventilation assembly creating a forced convection in the atmosphere of the muffle, to carry out additional heating by microwave energy, by ensuring an improved distribution of the distribution of the field in the muffle thanks to elements which already exist in the oven cavity, in particular by means of the blades of the ventilation turbine.
  • the invention consists notably, in contrast to conventional combi ovens which completely separate the outlet orifice of the waveguide, vis-à-vis the region of the oven in which the fan is located carrying out the forced convection of the atmosphere of the oven, to make these elements cooperate here by directly using blades of this fan to improve the spatial distribution of the microwaves.
  • the holes made in the distribution sheet for the distribution of microwaves towards the interior of the muffle have an elongated shape, in particular oblong, arranged to produce an electric field as they pass through them. quadrature with respect to the orientation of the latter, in line with the guide exit iris and the opposite passage provided in the distribution sheet.
  • the holes of the distribution sheet can have an oblong shape with their large vertical axis, perpendicular to the horizontal transverse direction of the largest dimension of the guide, be arranged in radii regularly distributed around the center of the sheet distribution or present themselves with an inclination tangent to concentric circles, arranged around the center of the sheet.
  • the holes formed in the distribution sheet can be inclined on the vertical and arranged in staggered rows.
  • the distribution sheet has a single central hole, associated with holes arranged in the lateral sides and possibly the lower side of the sheet.
  • the iris leaving the guide and the opposite passage provided in the distribution sheet are closed by plates of a material transparent to microwaves, sealing the cavity delimited between the bottom wall and the sheet.
  • the material of the wafers is mica or consists of an analogous material, having equivalent dielectric properties.
  • the exit iris and the passage opposite have relative dimensions determined to ensure an adaptation of appropriate impedance and are preferably arranged in the vicinity of the arch of the muffle, in the central part thereof. .
  • the oven in question preferably comprises a source of microwave waves, in particular constituted by a magnetron mounted in the thickness of the wall of the muffle.
  • a source of microwave waves in particular constituted by a magnetron mounted in the thickness of the wall of the muffle.
  • the axis of the turbine driven by the motor is associated with a quarter-trap. waves, preventing energy leaks along this axis outside the muffle.
  • the furnace considered designated as a whole under the reference 1 mainly consists of an external enclosure 2, usually provided at its lower end with support studs 3.
  • a l 'inside the enclosure 2 is mounted a muffle 4, internally delimiting a cavity 5 where the food is cooked.
  • the muffle 4 generally produced by means of a stamped sheet, comprises an upper wall or arch 6 and a lower wall or sole 7 as well as side walls 8, and finally a bottom wall 9.
  • the lower and side walls of the muffle are associated, outside the cavity 5, with electrical resistors 10 allowing, in conventional cooking, to ensure the heating of the internal atmosphere of this cavity and in particular, by means of a circulation maintained as it is will see below, to realize in the cavity a phenomenon called hot air.
  • the muffle has inside the cavity 5 and housed under the upper arch 6, another resistance 11 or grill resistance, of high power.
  • the muffle 4 is surrounded externally by a thickness 12 of an appropriate heat-insulating material, the enclosure 2 moreover, articulated on hinges 13 disposed in front of the enclosure 2, a door 14, closing the muffle 4 in period d use of the oven or allowing, in the open position, free access to the interior thereof.
  • the door 14 generally comprises a window 15 allowing the user a direct view of the interior of the muffle and of the food being cooked.
  • one or more stops 16 actuating contacts not shown located on either side of the muffle in order to disconnect the supply of microwave energy when the door is open.
  • raised portions 17 forming slides for guiding, inside the cavity 5, a tray 18 for supporting a cooking utensil 19.
  • the bottom wall 9 of the muffle 4 is associated with a protective and distribution plate 20, extending parallel to this wall and disposed inside the cavity 5 slightly forward in the muffle, so as to delimit with the wall 9 a space 21.
  • the distribution sheet 20 can extend from the upper wall 6 of the muffle 4 to its lower wall 7 or else, as in the example shown, stop at a certain distance from the latter to define a slot 22 for circulation of the muffle atmosphere.
  • the oven comprises in known manner, at the rear of the enclosure 2, a fixing device 23 of an electric motor 24 whose axis 25 passes through the bottom wall 9 of the muffle and supports at its end a turbine 26 of a fan whose blades 27 are distributed around the axis 25.
  • the turbine 26 rotates on itself in the space 21 while being protected by the sheet 20 and is arranged so that according to the meaning of its rotation and orientation of the blades 27, it sucks the air contained in the cavity 5 of the muffle 4, in particular through orifices 28 formed in the distribution sheet 20 at the center of the latter.
  • a lighting lamp 30 schematically shown in Figure 2 is mounted in the bottom 9 of the muffle 4 and preferably in a corner thereof, this lamp to see the evolution of the cooking of food in the oven through the glass 15 of the door .
  • the oven 1 briefly described above is actually a combi oven, which combines the heating of food to be cooked by convection of the calories supplied by the heating resistors 10, if necessary by the grill resistance 11, according to a circulation maintained by the turbine 26, microwave heating, by establishing in the cavity an appropriate electromagnetic field.
  • the enclosure 2 of the oven comprises, outside the muffle 4, a housing 31 in which is mounted a source of high frequency electromagnetic waves, in this case a magnetron 32, discharging in a guide 33.
  • a source of high frequency electromagnetic waves in this case a magnetron 32
  • the latter is suitably bent and dimensioned, so that the wave flux coming from the magnetron 32 is delivered into the muffle 4 through an iris 34, provided at the outlet of the guide, this iris 34 being disposed, in accordance with the invention in the space 21 and containing the turbine 26 of the muffle atmosphere circulation fan.
  • the iris 34 is in particular placed in the central part of the muffle and preferably in the vicinity of the vault thereof, so that the flow of microwaves, coming from the guide 33 entering the cavity 5, is in fact, when crossing the space 21, it splits into two secondary flows, one of which is directly transmitted into the cavity through a passage opening 35, arranged opposite in the distribution sheet 20 while the other s 'introduced into space 21, coming to meet the blades 27 of the turbine 26.
  • the latter being driven in rotation, the relative orientation of the blades is constantly changed; the wave flow thus sees its characteristics change at each instant, by performing an efficient mixing not only in the space 21 but also in the whole of the cavity 5.
  • the holes 28 and 29 formed in the distribution sheet 20, respectively in the center and on the sides of the latter are arranged to also act on the flow of microwaves as well amended.
  • each hole can be considered as an elementary iris by which the waves penetrate into the cavity 5 through the sheet 20. Under these conditions, they each constitute a separate source whose characteristics are a function of the shape of these holes, which influences directly the propagation of the waves in the cavity. When these holes pass, the electric field is oriented according to the particular shape of the latter.
  • the holes provided in the center of the distribution sheet 20 are given and, if necessary, the lateral holes 29, an oblong or elongated shape, the dimensions of which can be determined on a case-by-case basis, according to each application and in particular the power of the microwave source and the volume of the oven cavity.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5D thus show various alternative embodiments among others, in which the holes 28 and / or 29 are, as the case may be, distributed vertically (FIG.
  • FIG. 3 also illustrates other arrangements advantageously implemented whatever the embodiment adopted for the distribution of the holes 28 and 29 in the sheet 20 in order to avoid that the part of the flux collected in the space 21 does not escapes to the outside, in particular through the passage of the axis 25 of the motor 24 driving the turbine 26, between this axis and a seal 36 providing a suitable seal against the gases and circuit vapors, this joint being provided in the bottom wall 9.
  • a wave trap 37 of the quarter-wave trap type 37 is mounted around the axis 25, comprising a sheet metal element 38 attached to the wall and the edge 39 is applied against it.
  • the sheet 38 is shaped so as to define with the bottom wall 9 of the muffle an auxiliary cavity 40 ( Figure 4) whose length shown diagrammatically in the drawing by the reference 1 is equal to ⁇ / 4.
  • the incident wave coming from space 21 and the wave reflected by the walls of this cavity are in phase opposition.
  • the distribution sheet 20 comprises in the iris 34 and the passage opposite 35, plates 42 and 43 respectively, of mica or of another dielectric material, transparent to microwaves but which close the guide and the space avoiding projection in these elements from products placed in the oven cavity to perform the cooking.
  • a combi steamer is produced, combining in a traditional muffle with fan and distribution plate, a conventional fan-assisted heating device and a microwave system, the fan turbine simultaneously achieving homogeneous dispersion. of these microwaves in the cavity without any particular adaptation.
  • the output of the guide joined to the source of microwave waves is arranged so that it is located here, no longer in the muffle ceiling as is generally the case. the case in classic designs, but behind the distribution sheet.
  • the turbine used can in particular be of a standard model, the only precaution to be taken being that it does not have sharp edges, this to avoid the creation of parasitic and dangerous electric arcs.
  • the useful volume of the oven remains unchanged while the efficiency of microwave heating is considerably improved by the homogeneous distribution of the electric field, this being directly produced from already existing parts and components, and without at the same time modifying the performances. carried out in traditional cooking which can on request be implemented in a complementary manner or on the contrary separately.
  • the temperature reliability of the materials used is not changed, as is their resistance to shocks and vibrations.
  • the fan whose role remains essentially the distribution of temperatures during normal cooking also ensures the balanced distribution of electromagnetic energy during microwave cooking by stirring the fraction thereof derived in the space where this fan before returning to the muffle volume.
  • the distribution sheet can be made of materials with low dielectric loss and causing limited reflections of the electromagnetic waves, these reflections taking place mainly on the blades of the fan.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Kombinierter Herd für übliche Umluftheizung und Mikrowellenheizung mit einer Muffel (Bratrohr) (1) mit vorzugsweise wärmeisolierten Wänden, einer Tür (14) an der Vorderseite, Seitenwänden, einem Boden (7) und einer Decke (4) und einer Rückwand (9), wobei ein Verteilerblech (20) zwischen sich und der Rückwand einen Hohlraum (21) begrenzt, in dem das Schaufelrad (26) eines Turbogebläses montiert ist, das fest mit einer die Rückwand durchsetzenden Welle (25) verbunden und von einem Elektromotor (24) angetrieben ist, der bezüglich dieser Wand (9) auf der dem Hohlraum gegenüberliegenden Seite dieser Wand angeordnet ist, wobei dieses Verteilerblech (20) Öffnungen (28, 29) aufweist, die so verteilt sind, daß der von der Turbine erzeugte Zwangsumlauf eines vorzugsweise durch den Mittelbereich des Bleches (20) angesaugten und in der Nähe seiner Seitenkanten und gegebenenfalls zum Boden und zur Decke der Muffel hin abgegebenen Luftstroms ermöglicht wird, und mit mindestens einer Mikrowellenquelle (32), die außerhalb der Muffel angeordnet ist und mit einem Wellenleiter (33) zusammenwirkt, der durch mindestens eine Austrittsblende (34) in die Muffel mündet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellenaustrittsblende (34) in der Rückwand (9) der Muffel (4) gegenüber einer im Verteilerblech (20) vorgesehenen Öffnung (35) so angeordnet ist, daß der Wellenstrom sich aufteilt in einen ersten Anteil, der durch diese Öffnung (35) in die Muffel gelangt, und einen zweiten Anteil, der sich im Hohlraum hinter dem Blech, wo das Turbinenschaufelrad (26) des Turbogebläses angeordnet ist, verteilt und dabei auf dessen Schaufeln (27) trifft, wobei das Verteilerblech (20) Öffnungen (28, 29) aufweist, die jede eine Elementar-Austrittsblende für die Wellen zum Inneren der Muffel hin bilden.
2. Kombinierter Herd nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die im Verteilerblech (20) für die Verteilung der Mikrowellen zum Innenraum der Muffel (4) hin ausgebildeten Öffnungen (28-29) eine längliche Form, insbesondere eine mehr lange als breite Form aufweisen, um eine Phasenverschiebung um 90° eines durch sie gehenden Wellenfeldes bezüglich dessen Orientierung im Bereich der Austrittsblende (34) des Wellenleiters (33) und der im Verteilerblech vorgesehenen gegenüberliegenden Öffnung (35) zu erzeugen.
3. Kombinierter Herd nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (28-29) des Verteilerblechs (20) eine mehr lange als breite Form aufweisen, wobei ihre große Achse vertikal, senkrecht zur horizontalen Querrichtung der größten Abmessung des Wellenleiters verläuft.
4. Kombinierter Herd nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (28-29) des Verteilerblechs (20) gemäß regelmäßig um den Mittelpunkt dieses Blechs verteilten Radien angeordnet sind.
5. Kombinierter Herd nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (28-29) des Verteilerblechs (20) eine Neigung aufweisen, die rings um den Mittelpunkt des Blechs angeordnete konzentrische Kreise tangential berührt.
6. Kombinierter Herd nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (28-29) des Verteilerblechs (20) gegenüber der Vertikalen geneigt und im Zickzack angeordnet sind.
7. Kombinierter Herd nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen (28-29) des Verteilerblechs (20) von einer einzigen zentralen Öffnung gebildet sind, die mit in den Seitenbereichen und gegebenenfalls an der unteren Seite des Bleches angeordneten Bohrungen zusammenwirkt.
8. Kombinierter Herd nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittsblende (34) des Wellenleiters (33) und die gegenüberliegende, im Verteilerblech (20) vorgesehene Durchtrittsöffnung (35) durch Platten (42-43) aus einem für Mikrowellen durchlässigen Material verschlossen sind, wodurch der zwischen der Rückwand und dem Blech liegende Hohlraum abgeschlossen wird.
9. Kombinierter Herd nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material der Platten (42-43) Glimmer oder ein Material mit äquivalenten dielektrischen Eigenschaften ist.
10. Kombinierter Herd nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittsblende (34) und die gegenüberliegende Durchlaßöffnung (35) relative Abmessungen aufweisen, die eine geeignete Anpassung der Impedanz gewährleisten, und vorzugsweise in der Nähe der Decke (6) der Muffel (4) in deren Mittelbereich angeordnet sind.
11. Kombinierter Herd nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er ein Magnetron (32) als Höchstfrequenzwellenquelle aufweist, das in der Dicke der Wand der Muffel (4) montiert ist.
12. Kombinierter Herd nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle (25) des vom Motor (24) angetriebenen Turbinenschaufelrads (26) mit einer Viertelwellenfalle (37) zusammenwirkt, welche Energieverluste längs dieser Welle zum Raum außerhalb der Muffel (4) verhindert.
13. Kombinierter Herd nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verteilerblech (20) aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das geringe dielektrische Verluste aufweist, so daß die Reflexionen der elektromagnetische Wellen begrenzt werden, wobei diese Reflexionen hauptsächlich an den Schaufeln (27) des Turbogebläses bewirkt werden.
EP89402565A 1988-09-29 1989-09-19 Kombinations-Kochherd Expired - Lifetime EP0362022B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89402565T ATE67837T1 (de) 1988-09-29 1989-09-19 Kombinations-kochherd.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8812759A FR2637053B1 (fr) 1988-09-29 1988-09-29 Four de cuisson mixte
FR8812759 1988-09-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0362022A1 EP0362022A1 (de) 1990-04-04
EP0362022B1 true EP0362022B1 (de) 1991-09-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89402565A Expired - Lifetime EP0362022B1 (de) 1988-09-29 1989-09-19 Kombinations-Kochherd

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4940869A (de)
EP (1) EP0362022B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02162683A (de)
KR (1) KR900005123A (de)
AT (1) ATE67837T1 (de)
DE (2) DE362022T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2016232T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2637053B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3003321T3 (de)

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EP2187699B1 (de) 2008-11-17 2014-01-08 Topinox Sarl Gargerät und Verfahren zum Einspeisen von Mikrowellen in einen Innenraum eines Gargeräts
EP2187700B1 (de) 2008-11-17 2016-08-31 Topinox Sarl Gargerät und Verfahren zum Einspeisen von Mikrowellen in einen Innenraum eines Gargeräts
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DE68900287D1 (de) 1991-10-31
KR900005123A (ko) 1990-04-13
JPH02162683A (ja) 1990-06-22
GR3003321T3 (en) 1993-02-17
EP0362022A1 (de) 1990-04-04
ES2016232A4 (es) 1990-11-01
DE362022T1 (de) 1990-11-08
FR2637053B1 (fr) 1990-11-16
US4940869A (en) 1990-07-10
ATE67837T1 (de) 1991-10-15
ES2016232T3 (es) 1992-04-16
FR2637053A1 (fr) 1990-03-30

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