Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/85—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antistatic additives or coatings
  • G03C1/89—Macromolecular substances therefor
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion
  • G03C2001/7628—Back layer

Definitions

• This invention is related to Cho U.S. Patent No. 4.585,730. "Antistatic Backing Layer with Auxiliary Layer for a Silver Halide Element", granted April 29, 1986. This invention is also related to Miller U.S. Patent No. 4,701, 403, "Two-Layer Process for Applying Antistatic Compositions to Polyester Supports," granted October 20, 1987, which is directed to a process for applying a thin, clear antistatic layer to a photographic film. The present invention provides an auxiliary layer designed to be coated over such layer.
• This invention relates to a photographic film. More particularly this invention relates to a photographic film having an improved auxiliary backing layer for said film which can conduct antistatic properties from an antistatic underlayer to the outside surface thereof.
• Polymeric film supports for photographic film are known for their propensity to accumulate static charges. This is a particular problem where the film is designed to be handled by machine and to be processed rapidly over unlike surfaces. Static charges which may be generated at this time cannot be readily tolerated because discharging these may expose the photographic layer, or layers, coated thereon.
• Miller U.S. Patent 4,701,403 describes an improvement over the aforementioned Schadt patent wherein a polymer such as component (1), for example, is applied to the support in a first coating, optionally a composition containing component (2), and, after drying, aziridine component (3) is applied as a second coating contiguous thereto.
• a polymer such as component (1)
• component (2) for example
• aziridine component (3) is applied as a second coating contiguous thereto.
• This improved process permits the application of improved thinner antistatic layers without premature reaction of the aziridine with the other ingredients. Products from such premature reaction can sometimes plug and foul coating equipment, which is not commercially tolerable.
• auxiliary layer over an antistatic layer of a photographic film which is useful in conducting antistatic properties to the surface thereof.
• a layer also serves as a backing layer for a photographic film which contains an antistatic layer thereon. It is also desired to provide such an auxiliary layer with good anchorage to previously applied layers and which is stable in photographic processing fluids.
• a photographic film comprising a support, at least one silver halide emulsion coated on one side of said support, and an antistatic layer coated on the opposite side of said support, characterized in that the antistatic layer is coated at a PH of 3 to 12 with an auxiliary layer consisting essentially of at least one crosslinkable conductive polymer having functionally attached carboxylic acid groups, and a crosslinking agent for the conductive polymer dispersed in a gelatin binder, whereby the antistatic properties of the antistatic layer are conducted through the auxiliary layer.
• Consisting essentially of as used in the appended claims means that unspecified constituents or conditions are not excluded provided that they do not affect the advantage of the invention from being realized.
• the crosslinkable conductive polymer may be present alone or in combination with at least one other crosslinkable conductive polymer.
• a particularly preferred crosslinkable conductive polymer is poly(sodium styrene sulfonate-maleic anhydride).
• Other crosslinkable, conductive polymers include: hexadecyl betaine, alkyldimethyl betaines wherein alkyl is 1 to 12 carbon atoms, carboxylated imidazolines, coco amido betaines, etc. These conductive polymers which contain functionally attached carboxylic acid groups may be added to the auxiliary layer of this invention in a range of 0. 5 to 30% by weight of the gelatin binder, preferably at 1.5 to 2.5% by weight.
• gelatin binder denotes a binder wherein the major component is gelatin.
• Gelatin substitutes e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, detran, cellulose derivatives, modified gelatins, a water-soluble acrylic latex, etc., may be present in minor amounts. e.g., less than 17% by weight.
• Crosslinking agents useful within the ambit of this invention include polyfunctional aziridines such as those described in Schadt U.S. Patent 4,225,665 and Miller U.S. Patent 4,701,403. The disclosures relating to the aziridines are incorporated herein by reference.
• Other useful crosslinking (hardening) agents include: chrome alum, carbodiimides, isoxazolinium salts, etc. Particularly preferred is pentaerythritol-tri-beta-­(2-methyl aziridine) propionate added to the gelatin binder.
• the crosslinking agent may be present in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of the gelatin binder, preferably in an amount of 2.0 to 3.0% by weight.
• a mixture of the gelatin binder in water, the crosslinkable conductive polymer and the crosslinking agent of this invention is made up prior to coating.
• Other additives such as, for example, antihalation dyes, surfactants, wetting agents and hardeners. etc., may also be present in the mixture.
• the PH is adjusted to 3 to 12, preferably 6 to 8.
• the aqueous coating composition made as described above may be applied with good results to any of the conventional photographic film supports bur the preferred support is poly(ethylene terephthalate) subcoated with a layer or layers of conventional resins and bearing on one side a photosensitive layer, preferably a silver halide emulsion layer and on the other side as a backing layer a layer of an antistatic composition, e.g., antistatic coatings of Schadt U.S. Patent 4,225,665, Miller U.S. Patent 4,701,403, etc.
• the invention is not limited to any particular antistatic coating; however, the antistatic coatings of Miller, U.S. Patent 4,701,403 are preferred (see particularly column 3, line 56 to column 4, line 56, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
• the backing layer of this invention is then coated over the antistatic layer at a coating weight of about 30 to 90 mg/dm2, preferable about 40 to 60 mg/dm2.
• this invention is represented by a photographic film element which comprises a support, which is preferably dimensionally sr able polyethylene terephthalate suitably subbed on both sides with a thin, anchoring substratum of a conventional resin sub over which may be applied a gelatin sublayer.
• a standard silver halide emulsion layer may be applied and this layer then overcoated with a protective overcoat layer, e.g., a conventional hardened gelatin, abrasion layer.
• a protective overcoat layer e.g., a conventional hardened gelatin, abrasion layer.
• the antistatic layer of Miller U.S. Patent 4,701,403 is preferably applied followed by an auxiliary layer represented by this invention.
• the layer of this invention may be an antihalation layer or may be coated simply as a gelatin anti-curl layer, as is well-known to those of normal skill in the art.
• the auxiliary layer can be replaced by two separately coated layers, each layer containing gelatin, one layer of which contains at least one crosslinkable conductive polymer and the other layer of which contains a crosslinking agent, both as described and in the amounts set out above.
• the conductive polymer dispersed in some gelatin may be coated first followed by a coating of gelatin and crosslinking agent. When wet, the crosslinking agent will migrate into the conductive polymer-containing layer effectively serving to crosslink gelatin and polymer as described above.
• this layer will provide the desired transmission of antistatic properties from the antistatic layer to the surface of the film.
• the layer of this invention is stable and will survive the rigors of photographic processing without disintegration. This is very desirable since prior art layers tended to flake off during the processing steps. Loss of layer integrity is a defect that cannot be tolerated since particles of the layer tend to foul the processing fluids and, more importantly, cause loss of antistatic transmission properties.
• the adhesion between previously coated or subsequently coated layers is enhanced by the presence of a layer of this invention over those of the prior art. This is a surprising result since layers very similar to those described herein, which have the required hardness from gelatin hardeners, among others, and are satisfactory in transmitting the antistatic properties, do not have the characteristics described above.
• the crosslinking agents such as those described above, interconnect the gelatin, the conductive polymer and the carboxyl groups available on the surface of the antistatic underlayer providing excellent adhesion. It is surprising, however, that transmission of the antistatic properties is maintained since it was thought that the conductive polymer should have all of the groups on the polymer chains available to provide transmission of the antistatic properties.
• a host of conventional photosensitive materials may be present as the emulsion layer described above. These include photopolymer, diazo, vesicular image-forming materials, etc.
• the films described may be used in any of the well-known imaging fields such as graphic arts, printing, medical and information systems, among others.
• the photographic film of this invention is particularly useful in processes where rapid transport and handling by machines are practiced such as phototypesetting applications, for example.
• Particularly useful elements include the so-called "bright light" films which can be handled in relatively bright safelights, for example.
• a backing layer antihalation solution was prepared by mixing 1200 g of gelatin in 13,530 g of distilled water for 15 minutes at 49°C. The mixture was cooled to 38°C and the following ingredients added:
• Example No. Crosslinking Agent (10% Aq. Soln)
• Conductive Polymer 2% Aq. Soln
• g (2) 1 42 175 2 84 74 3 84 175 4 126 70 5 100 125 Control 1 0 0 Control 2 Sample 3 from Ex. 1, U.S.
• Patent 4,585,730 (1) is a solution of pentaerythritol-tri-beta-(2-methyl aziridine) proprionate in distilled water (2) is a crosslinkable conductive polymer polymer(sodium styrene sulfonate-maleic anhydride) diluted in distilled water (no. average molecular wt. ca. 3,000 determined by known osmometry techniques)

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

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Citations (6)

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• 1988
  • 1988-11-29 AU AU26345/88A patent/AU603019B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1988-11-29 DE DE19883884152 patent/DE3884152T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1988-11-29 NO NO88885324A patent/NO885324L/no unknown
  • 1988-11-29 FI FI885536A patent/FI885536A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-11-29 EP EP88119864A patent/EP0318909B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1988-11-29 DK DK666988A patent/DK666988A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-11-30 JP JP63301121A patent/JPH0687128B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime

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