EP0285509A1 - Building construction elements, especially for coverings and/or claddings, and devices for their attachment to an underlying support - Google Patents

Abstract

Covering and/or cladding element, comprising a plate of cellular material having good thermal insulation properties and a coating skin integral with the said plate, the said coating skin providing, over at least one edge of the element, a strip which is projecting in relation to the edge of the plate which it borders. The said strip (30) is disposed substantially in the plane of the face (14) of the plate (11) opposite that carrying the coating skin (12), the said strip serving to attach the element to an underlying support (S) with the aid of mechanical means such as nails, screws, pins or the like. Application: roofing and/or facade of buildings. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to improvements to building construction elements and, in particular, to covering and / or cladding elements and to their devices for fixing to an underlying support.

The building industry is currently applying, both in the field of new works and in that of the rehabilitation or repair of old buildings, prefabricated modular elements comprising means of thermal insulation, suitable for being joined between them and to be fixed on the facade and / or on an attic to ensure the sealing of said facades and / or of the roof and, simultaneously, the thermal insulation of a building by the external face of the walls thereof in the in the case of a facade element and through the internal face of the roof in the case of a covering element. In the case of facade elements, such elements are designated by the term cladding or cladding elements, in accordance with the vocabulary established by CSTB, in particular in Fascicle N ° 206 of the Notebooks published by this organization.

There are already known, in very many embodiments, cladding elements which generally comprise an exterior facing, a core of thermally insulating material secured to the facing and means or members for fixing to the support on which they are to be placed (see, for example , FR-A-2 554 849, FR-A-2 546 560, FR-A-2 524 047, FR-A-2 581 410, DE-A-2 046 800, US-A-3 420 024 or US -A-4 469 731).

Notwithstanding their apparent simplicity, such elements of clothing and / or covering must satisfy numerous requirements, some of which are sometimes contradictory. Thus, the cladding and / or the covering which must have a low or very low coefficient λ of thermal conductivity must also ensure protection of the underlying wall and / or of the entire building against atmospheric precipitation, in particular rainwater or snow, while being itself resistant to pollution, atmospheric corrosion and ultraviolet radiation. It must, moreover, retain its properties over a wide temperature range, withstand, within this range, sudden variations of large amplitude, have good qualities of impact resistance and / or friction while offering good characteristics of 'rot-proof, resistance to chemical agents such as oils and solvents, where appropriate soundproofing and great ease of maintenance.

To these conditions is added the imperative character of ease of implementation on the site, that is to say, in addition to dimensions and a weight allowing easy handling, a simple and secure fixing on the farm of a roof space and / or on a building facade, whatever, in the latter case, the type of support to be filled, such as concrete, masonry, etc.

The problem is therefore posed of providing an improved covering and / or covering as well as its fixing device on a support which makes it possible to meet all of the conditions mentioned above and which, in addition, has the requisite qualities of industrial feasibility, that is to say both a possibility of mass production by modern techniques of implementation of suitable materials while leading to an economically acceptable cost, and also, the possibility of satisfying the requirements project managers with regard to the appearance conferred by the clothing and / or covering the building they equip, whether they are collective apartment buildings, individual houses, industrial buildings or commercial, etc ...

Given that good thermal insulation characteristics are attached to the panels of expanded material or of cellular structure, on the one hand, and that it is known, on the other hand, to manufacture by injection-molding of composite structures with formed bodies a foam of matter expanded and with a coating formed from a compact skin of said material, the Applicant has directed its research in this manufacturing path and, more particularly, in that of the injection-molding of plastics, elastomers or a mixture of these materials, such as polyurethanes, PVC / nitrile rubber blends, etc.

It then proposes, to solve the problem posed, a cladding and / or covering element or panel comprising a sheet of cellular material having good thermal insulation properties and an external covering skin integral with said plate, said covering skin. providing on at least one bank of the element a strip used for fixing the element to an underlying support using mechanical means such as nails, screws, dowels or the like, said strip projecting by relative to the edge of the plate which it runs along being disposed substantially in the plane of the face of the plate opposite to that carrying the facing, characterized in that the plate of cellular material comprises, on at least one or on its two opposite edges (s) to that (s) along (s) the strip (s) of covering skin, one or more rebates prevailing along said bank (s) and dimensioned (s) in correspondence with said band (s), and in that that re skin garment provided on the external facing face of the element as well as on the edges thereof, that is to say which encloses the entire plate of insulating material with the exception of the face intended to come in contact with or near the underlying support, is formed by injection molding, advantageously by thermo-injection techniques or of the RIM type, as is said plate.

In a preferred embodiment, the plate of thermally insulating material from the covering and / or covering element comprises two strips projecting from the edges of the plate, formed on two adjacent edges of said element and which are arranged substantially in the plane of the face of the plate opposite to that carrying the facing.

In an advantageous embodiment, the element is made of a material of the polyurethane type, PVC / nitrile rubber mixture or of a similar material.

Whatever the manufacturing mode, provision is advantageously made to fill the manufacturing mold with a mold base coating, advantageously a paint of the type allowing self-demolding, so that the invention is obtained directly by molding. , a monolithic and monocomponent element having the surface condition (color and / or relief) of the desired external facing.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the plate of thermally insulating material is shaped to provide on the periphery of its external facing face, or on at least part of this periphery, a groove with a L-shaped cross section, also covered , like the rest of the element and with the exception of the face intended to come in the vicinity or in contact with the underlying support, by the covering skin.

Said groove is provided for housing a part of an assembly key, which is fixed to the underlying support by another part and by the same means as those used for fixing the element to said support, said another fixing part being advantageously housed in one of said rebates.

In a preferred embodiment, the assembly key has a cross section in angle comprising a T-profile on the free edge of one of its wings, said profile being shaped and dimensioned to be housed in the recess formed by the contiguous grooves of two adjacent elements, while the other wing of the angle iron is housed in the rebate of one of the covering and / or covering elements, in contact with the skin strip of a covering element and / or adjacent cover.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the assembly key, which can be made of PVC or any other suitable material, forms “decompression chambers” formed in the facing and adjacent parts of two adjacent clothing and / or covering elements and is provided with perforations arranged in the wing of the angle iron which carries the profile in T , in the vicinity of the latter, to form water passage orifices.

In an embodiment which is particularly suitable for making a roof, the covering element according to the invention has on the bank opposite to that comprising the fixing strip a second strip projecting from the edge of the plate which it long, said second strip further limiting a groove adjacent to said edge and suitable for receiving a part of the T-profile of the assembly key. By an appropriate choice of the dimensions of said second strip, in particular by giving it a width greater than that of the assembly of the two wings of the T of the key, the assembly ensures total covering of said T profile by said second strip, which further perfects the seal obtained using the device according to the invention.

In this embodiment, also, the facing skin is shaped on three edges of the periphery of its outer facing face along raised portions giving at least partially the element the form of a mechanical tile with interlocking edges .

A device with a cladding and / or covering element and assembly key according to the invention allows installation in a horizontal arrangement, that is to say in rows progressively rising from the lowest level of a facade. or a roof to be trimmed or, on the contrary, in a vertical arrangement, from one gable wall to the other for a cladding.

In the latter case, an appropriate choice of the dimensions of the elements makes it possible to produce a layout that is both horizontal and vertical, giving the clothing the architectural qualities sought by the project managers. To this architectural character also contributes the fact that the cladding can be carried out according to different arrangements, for example with stone cutting, or with threaded joints, vertically and / or horizontally.

The invention also makes it possible, by varying the characteristics of the sheet of cellular material, that it is made of expanded polyurethane, of a PVC / nitrile rubber mixture or of any other expanded material, to obtain not only good results d thermal insulation, but also an appropriate density, good sound insulation or, again, improved characteristics of fire resistance as well as an adaptation of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the body and of the covering skin, -by an appropriate choice of constituent material of the body, so that it does not appear thermal stresses in the clothing and / or cover. This modification of the characteristics of the sheet of expanded material can be obtained, in particular, by the addition of fillers, for example glass fibers to reinforce the overall rigidity and the dimensional stability in temperature, of heavy mineral products such as powders metallic or lamellar fillers, to increase the sound insulation characteristics, or even liquid fireproofing products, in particular halogenated products to increase the fire resistance.

When the element according to the invention is intended to constitute a covering, it can be produced so that the face opposite to that of the external facing is in contact with the underlying support or, as a variant, so that it is distant therefrom, at least in places, for example by shaping the internal face of the plate of thermally insulating material according to an embossing or any other similar suitable form.

According to another embodiment of the invention, provision is made, for the production of clothing elements of larger dimensions, to complete the fixing and the assembly. cladding elements on the underlying support by fixing on the latter a separate profile from that forming the assembly key and which is capable of cooperating with a recess of conjugate shape on the face of the plate of cellular material opposite to that of external facing.

• - la figure 1 est une vue de face d'un élément de vêture selon l'invention ;
• - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 2-2 de la figure 1 ;
• - la figure 3 illustre, en perpective, l'assemblage d'éléments adjacents pour la constitution d'une vêture ;
• - la figure 4 est une vue par l'avant d'une telle vêture pour un premier type d'appareil ;
• - la figure 5 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 4 mais pour un autre appareil ;
• - la figure 6 est une vue partielle à plus grande échelle, en coupe selon la ligne 6-6 de la figure 4 ;
• - la figure 7 est une vue en coupe, à plus grande échelle, selon la ligne 7-7 de la figure 4 ;
• - la figure 8 est une vue schématique d'une autre réalisation ;
• - la figure 9 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de couverture selon l'invention ;
• - la figure 10 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 10-10 de la figure 9 ;
• - la figure 11 est une vue partielle en coupe selon la ligne 11-11 de la figure 10, pour plusieurs éléments adjacents et certaines parties desdits éléments ayant été ôtéesdans un but de clarté ;
• - la figure 12 est une vue en perspective illustrant l'assemblage d'éléments de couverture selon l'invention ;
• - la figure 13 est une vue en coupe partielle d'une telle couverture.

The invention will be better understood from the following description, given by way of example and with reference to the attached drawing in which:

• - Figure 1 is a front view of a cladding element according to the invention;
• - Figure 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure 1;
• - Figure 3 illustrates, in perspective, the assembly of adjacent elements for the constitution of a clothe;
• - Figure 4 is a front view of such clothing for a first type of device;
• - Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 but for another device;
• - Figure 6 is a partial view on a larger scale, in section along line 6-6 of Figure 4;
• - Figure 7 is a sectional view, on a larger scale, along line 7-7 of Figure 4;
• - Figure 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment;
• - Figure 9 is a top view of a cover element according to the invention;
• - Figure 10 is a sectional view along line 10-10 of Figure 9;
• - Figure 11 is a partial sectional view along line 11-11 of Figure 10, for several adjacent elements and certain parts of said elements having been removed for the sake of clarity;
• - Figure 12 is a perspective view illustrating the assembly of cover elements according to the invention;
• - Figure 13 is a partial sectional view of such a cover.

We first refer to Figures 1 to 8 relating to a building element for buildings more particularly intended to form a cladding. In a first embodiment, FIGS. 1 to 7, the covering element 10 comprises a body or plate 11 made of a thermally insulating material, advantageously of cellular structure, of which a compact external covering skin 12 is integral. described and illustrated, the body 11 is of generally rectangular shape, with an external face 13 and an internal face 14, the large slices of said body having the references 15 and 16 and the small slices, the references 17 and 18, respectively. On its face 13, or external facing face, the body 11 has a peripheral groove 20 with a L-shaped cross section, and which thus comprises two edges of large parallel dimensions 21 and 22 and two edges of small parallel dimensions 23 and 24, while that on its internal face 14 the body 11 is cut along a first rebate 25 adjacent to the edge 22 and which prevails over the entire length of the element, and along a second rebate 26 adjacent to the edge 23 and which prevails over the entire width of the body.

The covering skin 12, integral with the body 11 is present, according to the invention, on the entire external facing face 13, lines the peripheral groove 20, prevails over the edges 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the body and is extends beyond the adjacent edges 21 and 24 along two strips 30 and 31 which extend in the plane of the internal face 14 of the plate 11, FIG. 2, said strips thus forming two orthogonal edges the length of which is substantially that of the edges large and small dimensions, respectively, of the plate 11 and whose width is slightly less than the height of the rebates 25 and 26 so that, during assembly and fixing of the elements on a support jacent, for example a building facade, the strips 30 and 31 are housed in the rebates 25 and 26, respectively, of adjacent panels, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. The first, which illustrates an assembly with threaded joints, shows a first row of cladding elements consisting of the elements 10 _1.1 , 10 _1.2 , 10 _1.3 on which is placed a second row of cladding elements 10 _2.1 , 10 _2.2 , 10 _{2 , 3} , while in the embodiment according to FIG. 5, which illustrates a stone cut assembly, the first row of elements 10 _1.1 , 10 _1.2 , 10 _1.3 is surmounted by a row of elements 10 _2.1 , 10 _2.2 10 _2.3 whose vertical edges are no longer aligned as in the previous embodiment.

Whatever the arrangement of the apparatus, the invention provides for fixing clothing elements 10 on an underlying support S and simultaneously assembling adjacent elements between them, using an assembly key 40, FIG. 3 , whose cross section is that of an angle iron with wings 41 and 42, the latter having at its free end edge a T-shaped profile, 43, with wings of short dimensions 44 and 45, ending in returns 46 and 47, respectively. As clearly visible in this same FIG. 3, the wing of the key 40 is pierced, from place to place, with holes 50 and the wing 42 is pierced, from place to place, with holes of smaller dimensions 51.

To produce a cladding with a horizontal arrangement, a first row of elements 10₁ is first put in place at the low level of the support S, for example by adjoining to the support a first element 10 _1.1 whose edge 24 is provided with a vertical key 40 _v of height corresponding to the width of the elements 10 and put in place so that its wing 42 is adjacent to the edge 17 of the element 10 _1,1 , FIG. 7, while its wing 41 is adjacent to the strip 31 of the same element, said strip itself being in contact or substantially in contact with the support S. The vertical key 40 _v may or may not be fixed by holes 50 in its wing 42 depending site-specific conditions. An element 10 _1,2 is then put in place as shown in FIG. 7, that is to say with its edge 18 in contact with the wing 42 of the vertical key 40 _v , the presence of the rebate 26 in which are housed the wing 41 of the vertical key 40 _v and the band 31 of the element 10 _1.1 allowing to place substantially in the same plane the outer facing skins of the adjacent elements 10 _1.1 and 10 _1.2 .

The basic rank is thus continued by the laying of a third, then a fourth, until a n ^th element.

When the total length of a certain number of elements 10₁ corresponds to that of a horizontal assembly key 40 _h , FIGS. 3 and 6, such a key is put in place with its wing 42 in contact with the edges 15 of the elements 10₁ and its wing 41 in contact with the bands 30 of said elements. The fixing of the horizontal key and of the elements 10₁ by their bands 30 is then carried out, after drilling at the right of the holes 50, if necessary after having added sockets or the like in the support S and installation of the mechanical holding means, such as expansion plugs, screws, nails or the like passing through the wing 41 and the strips 30. The fixing is obtained with short mechanical means, on which there is practically no stress, due to the low weight of the cladding elements according to the invention and which, moreover, are not stressed by a bending moment due to their very small distance from the underlying support S.

After execution of the first row, then of a second row of elements 10₂, etc ... by a process analogous to that which has just been described, one obtains a garment whose elements are fixed simply and securely to the support underlying S by the keys 40 whose T-profiles are housed in the spaces provided by the contiguous grooves such as 21 and 22 of vertically adjacent elements, or 23 and 24 of horizontally adjacent elements and which constitute "cais decompression sounds "allowing the evacuation of the runoff water, -which cannot go up along the internal face of the rebate-, through the holes 51, so that the covering is thus perfectly waterproof.

It is a similar structure which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 8, which aims at making larger clothing elements. The assembly keys 40 are associated with additional hooking devices, 60, constituted by a profile, one wing 61 of which is fixed to the support S and the other wing 62 of which, forming with the first an obtuse angle, is capable of cooperating. with a conjugate recess 63 formed in the body 11 of the covering element, which then has a covering skin 12 whose external facing face can be shaped as shown at 64 to simulate the fixing zone.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 9 to 13 which show a covering element 70 suitable for being used for lining the frame with an attic. It comprises a body or plate 71 of thermally insulating material, advantageously with a honeycomb structure and a compact external covering skin 72 which, as clearly visible in FIGS. 10, 12 and 13, has a strip 73 on a small edge of the element, said strip extending in the plane of the internal face 74 of the body 71. As clearly visible in the same figures, also, the skin 72 also has, on the edge opposite to that adjacent to the strip 73, a second strip 75 which extends, in turn, in the plane of the outer face 76 of the body 11, said second strip projecting beyond the edge 77 of the body 71 which is perpendicular to the large edges 78 and 79 of the element. On its internal face 74 the body 71 is provided with a rebate 80, similar to the rebate 26 of the previous embodiments, said rebate prevailing along the edge 77 which is connected to the external facing face 76 of the body by a step 81 also covered by the covering skin 72 whose band 75 limits thus a groove 82 adjacent to the edge 77. On the edge opposite the latter, the body 71 is also shaped along a step 83, defining an L-shaped groove, 83ʹ which is also covered by the covering skin 72 thus continuously showing the strip. 73 to the strip 75, from the latter to the rebate 80 and also on the faces of the body 71 bounded by the large longitudinal edges 78 and 79.

As well shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the covering skin 72 is shaped along said longitudinal edges 78 and 79 in parts raised relative to the external facing face 90. More precisely, the skin 72 is shaped along a bead 91 along the edge 79 and, along the edge 78 along an L-shaped profile 92, with a cross section combined with that of the bead 91 and projecting with respect to said edge. The L-shaped profile 92 also prevails in the vicinity of the step 83, FIGS. 9 and 12, along a part 93 parallel to the longitudinal direction of the strip 73, so that the external facing face of the element 70 thus has a shape some not very similar to that of a mechanical tile of the type with interlocking edges, favorable to the flow of rainwater.

For the production of a cover using an element such as that which has just been described, the invention provides for the application of an assembly key entirely similar to that used for the production of 'a cladding and which, therefore, is designated by the same reference 40. As shown in Figures 12 and 13, the cover elements according to the invention 70 are placed on the rafters 100 of the frame, via of slats 101 on which the strips 73 of adjacent elements 70 rest, FIG. 13, the fixing taking place using screws, nails or the like shown schematically by the dashed lines V of said figure.

Analogously to the construction method described for the production of clothing, one proceeds by laying successive rows of elements 70 on the rafters, for example from the sand break down to the ridge break.

The covering of the assembly key 40 by the strip 75 in the adjacent zones of two contiguous elements ensures the overall tightness and a natural flow.

Whatever the embodiment of the covering and / or covering elements, the invention advantageously provides for making these by injection-molding techniques of plastics or elastomers, -in particular by thermo-injection. and reaction-injection-molding (RIM) -, and to preferably choose said material from polyurethanes, PVC / nitrile rubber mixtures or the like. Monolithic, single-component elements are thus obtained, the covering skin of compact material encloses the body in cellular foam and is integral with it on almost all of its surfaces with the exception of the face opposite to that of external facing.

The invention also makes it possible to obtain directly from the molding elements with an external facing surface having the desired appearance of color, gloss, etc. which gives the clothing and / or the roof a truly architectural character, the more simply using an appropriate coating, such as a paint, for example of the polyurethane type, placed at the bottom of the mold during the injection-molding operation of the skin, said operation advantageously being of the RIM type in the polyurethanes or thermo-injection type for other materials.

It also makes it possible, by modifying the nature of the cellular foam used, for example by adding specific charges, to give the elements and the covering and / or the roof that they constitute, additional qualities of insulation. sound and / or fire resistance, etc.

Non-limiting examples of such charges are constituted by glass fibers or the like to reinforce the rigidity and ensure the dimensional stability in temperature of the element, heavy mineral products like metallic powders or lamellar fillers used to increase the density of the foam and by way of Consequently the sound insulation properties or even halogenated liquid products allowing to increase the fire resistance.

The covering and / or roofing according to the invention is particularly insensitive to damage, its constituent material absorbing shocks without breaking or permanent deformation, so that surface damage, for example scratches on the external facing skin can be easily repaired by "in situ" painting, or deposit of compatible resin without the entire covering and / or roofing being called into question, the compact surface skin also providing the required resistance to weathering, pollution, atmospheric corrosion, solar radiation, especially ultraviolet, etc.

Good results have been obtained for the realization of a cladding with rectangular elements of a density close to 1, of 66.6 × 50 cm allowing a pose in horizontal arrangement or in vertical arrangement, or in mixed arrangement, according to the desiderata project managers.

Claims (13)

1. cladding and / or covering element, comprising a sheet of cellular material with good thermal insulation properties and a covering skin integral with said plate, said covering skin forming a strip on at least one edge of the element used for fixing the element to an underlying support (S, 101) using mechanical means such as nails, screws, dowels or the like, said strip (30, 31, 73) projecting by relative to the edge of the plate which it runs along being disposed substantially in the plane of the face (14, 74) of the plate (11, 71) opposite that (13, 76) carrying the facing (12, 72), characterized in that the sheet (11,71) of cellular material comprises, on at least one or on its two edges opposite (s) to that (s) that runs along (s) the strip (s) (30, 31,73) covering skin, one or more rebates (25, 26,80) prevailing along said edge (s) and dimensioned (s) in correspondence with said strip (s) (30,31, 73), and in that the covering skin (12, 72) provided on the external facing face (13, 76) of the element as well as on the edges thereof, that is to say which encloses the whole the plate (11, 71) of insulating material with the exception of the face (14, 74) intended to come into contact with or near the underlying support (S, 101) -, is formed by injection molding, advantageously by thermo-injection techniques or of the RIM type, as well as said plate (11, 71). 2. cladding and / or covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two strips (30, 31) projecting from the edges of the plate, formed on two adjacent edges of said element and which are arranged substantially in the plane of the face (14) of the plate (11) opposite to that (13) carrying the facing (12). 3. cladding and / or covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in one polyurethane type material, PVC / nitrile rubber mixture, or a similar material. 4. cladding and / or covering element according to claim 1 or claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, monolithic and monocomponent, it further comprises, coming directly from molding on its skin, an external coating layer, as a painting or the like. 5. cladding and / or covering element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its external facing face (13, 76) is shaped on at least part of its periphery along a groove (20, 83ʹ ) with an L-shaped cross section, also covered, like the rest of the element with the exception of the face (14, 74) intended to come into the vicinity or in contact with the underlying support (S, 101), by the cover skin (12, 72). 6. cladding and / or covering element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has on the bank opposite to that comprising the fixing strip (73) a second strip (75) projecting from at the edge (77) of the plate (71) which it runs along, said second strip (75) further limiting a groove (82) adjacent to said edge (77). 7. Cladding and / or covering device comprising an element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove (20, 83ʹ) is provided for housing a part of an assembly key ( 40) fixed to the support structure (S, 101) by another part and by the same means as those for fixing the covering and / or covering element (10, 70) to said support (S, 101). 8. Cladding device and / or cover according to Claim 7, characterized in that the assembly key (40) has a cross section substantially in angle comprising a T-profile on the free edge of one of its wings (42 ), said profile being shaped and dimensioned so such that it can be housed in the recess formed by the contiguous grooves of two adjacent elements (10, 70) while the other wing (41) of the angle is housed in the rebate (25, 80) of a elements (10,70) in contact with the strip (30,73) of skin covering an adjacent element. 9. Cladding and / or covering device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the assembly key (40) is provided with perforations (51) disposed in the wing (42) of the angle iron which carries the profile in T and in the vicinity thereof to form orifices for the passage of water in the "decompression chambers" formed in the facing and neighboring parts of two adjacent elements (10₁, 10₂; 70). 10. Cladding device according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it further comprises, to complete the fixing and the assembly of the elements on the underlying support (S), a profile (60 ) distinct from that forming the assembly key (40) and suitable for cooperating with a recess (63) of conjugate shape on the face (14) of the plate (11) made of thermally insulating material opposite that of the external facing. 11. Cladding and / or covering device according to any one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the thermally insulating material comprises fillers chosen from heavy mineral products such as metallic powders and / or lamellar fillers or liquid halogenated products and / or reinforcing fillers increasing rigidity like glass fibers to obtain a desired density, good sound insulation and / or an improvement in its fire resistance and / or not to give rise to thermal stresses after installation on the underlying support (S, 101). 12. Cladding obtained by using devices according to any one of Claims 7 to 11 and comprising horizontal assembly keys (40 _h ) and vertical (40 _v ) according to a stone cutting device and / or with threaded joints. 13. Coverage obtained by using elements according to Claim 6 and devices according to any one of Claims 7 to 9 or 11.

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