FR2639985A1 - Prefabricated element enabling coverings having the appearance of traditional wooden shingles to be formed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a prefabricated element enabling the roof or walls of buildings to be covered and to have the appearance of traditional wooden shingles (or shingle boards). A sheet of glass-fibre reinforced polyester 1 combines on its upper face a certain number of wooden shingles 8, and it provides support, adhesion and weatherproofing. The invention covers the manufacturing method, the product and its accessories described hereinbelow and provides technical and economic improvements to this method of covering.

Description

 The present invention relates to a prefabricated roofing element for buildings having the external appearance of traditional wooden shingles.

The element is in the form of a polyester sheet reinforced with fiberglass joining on its upper part a number of wooden shingles apparently identical to those traditionally used.
Wood shingles, also called "essences" in certain regions, are used for covering roofs and building facades or as an interior or exterior decorative element (awnings, shelters, kiosks, etc.).

 The present invention provides technical and economic improvements in the implementation of this type of coating.

The traditional technique of installing wooden shingles on roofs or facades is characterized by
- a steep slope (greater than 400) and therefore large areas of crawling on the roof.

- overlaps greater than or equal to 3 times the gauge (apparent part of the shingle) therefore
relatively large shingles of which 2/3 do not contribute to the aesthetics of the roof
large losses during production and during installation (breaks and cracks during transport and nailing)
A relatively blanket weight. heavy affecting the importance of the frame supporting it, as well as the rest of the building.

- a long and expensive installation using a very specialized workforce tending to become scarce. (2.5 m2 per day of skilled worker)
- Reliability and longevity closely linked to the know-how of the worker in the choice of shingle and its installation, as well as in its den to resolve the "delicate" points of the roof (ridges, hip, knots, etc ... )
- Technical superiority (durability and tightness of split (or exploded) shingles over sawed shingles, a technique which, by the way, is much less produc.tlve (time and falls)
The object of the present invention is to define a prefabricated product which combines shingles apparently arranged like traditional shingles on a polyester sheet reinforced with glass fiber:
The reinforced polyester layer seals the covering element which is the subject of the invention and therefore
- exemption from 2/3 recovery therefore:
lightens the roof all the more (structure economle)
wood saving (almost 2/3 in volume)
- makes it possible to reduce the slopes, thereby reducing the amount of floor space on the roof
- gives the sawn shingle (more economical) a place of choice. The sawn shingle offering better "hooking" characteristics of the polyester on the shingle
The polyester layer reinforced with fiberglass assembles and sticks intimately. on its upper face all the shingles. Thereby
- cancels the losses of material due to the slit of the shingle at the clo1.ge and allows one use of wood of smaller dimensions often useless.- sables elsewhere.

considerably produces the exposure time: the material which is the subject of the present invention is posed "sheet by sheet" and no longer "shingle by shingle", the exposure time is close to that of sheet metal covering, for example
The workforce employed no longer requires specific training or does not require a type of qualification that is rare to find.

Ridge, aretier, and valley are treated using the same technique and have the same characteristics:
- ridge and hipbones: are made of a dihedral-shaped polyester support, at the desired angle, presenting on its two external faces a shingle movement
- valleys: formed of a polyester dihedral alone (without shingle facing).

 Finally, over time, faults that may come from the deterioration of a shingle (or pianists) do not cause waterways as in the past, because the seal is ensured by the pol ~ es- ter layer.

 Figure 1 shows, seen from above, the shingles positioned on the work surface (7). They face upwards the side intended to receive the polyester layer, the "finished" limits of which are shown by the dotted line (1).

 Figure 2-shows the section along F - F 'showing the shape of the shingle in longitudinal section (3), the stop battens (9 and 10) for positioning the shingles on the work surface, and the shoulder (2). integral with the work surface (7) and intended to serve as a mold for the part of the laminate ensuring the covering and sealing between the different sheets.

 FIG. 3 represents the cross section of the work plan according to - E ', detailing the shoulder (3) integral with the work plan (7) and intended to serve as a mold for the part of the laminate ensuring the covering and sealing between the different leaves.

 Figure 4 shows a ridge. The aretiers are of identical concept.

 The cross section of the ridge cap, Figure 5, shows the reinforced polyester dihedral (14) and the shingle facing (12).

 Figure 6 shows two variants (6B) and in the presentation of the product defined above and represented in (6A).

 The wooden shingles (8) are arranged on a flat support (7), of dimension equal to or greater than the dimensions of the panel 9 obtained, provided with transverse battens (9 and 10) of a height slightly less than the thickness of the shingle on its lower edge, and forming a stop in the longitudinal direction of the sheet as shown in FIG. 2.

 The assembly of the work surface (7), cleats (9 and 10), and the shoulders (2 and 3) receive a release agent such as to allow the part to be removed and to proceed to cleaning the work surface.

 Viewed from above, the shingles (8) are rectangular in shape as shown in FIG. The grain of the wood is parallel to the direction of the slope. Their longitudinal section is generally trapezoidal. The small rabbet formed on the lower and inner edge of the shingle (11) is intended to retain sufficient thickness at the small base of the trapezoid to retain it. a surface to be laminated as flat as possible.

In the transverse direction of the sheet, the joints between each shingle are offset, relative to the upper and lower adjacent joints, by a third of the shingle width as shown in Figure 1
in (4), (5) and (6), provided that the shingles have regular widths, which is not always the case) according to this rule of traditional art.

On the edge "A" of the work surface, the shingles - Figure 1 ers (4). (5), and (6) - come into lateral abutment on a shoulder (3) substantially reproducing the thickness of the shingles arranged on the plane
On edge "E" the shingles complete the width to be produced by the whole number of shingles. They will then be cut to the desired useful width dimension If they exceed. however, it is recommended - if the shingles are of substantially constant width - to complete the row of shingles with the addition to one of the shingles with which one started. For example, a row started with a 2/3 width shingle will end with a 1/3 width shingle.

 On the upper edge "C" of the sheet to be produced, a shoulder (2) identical in thickness to that existing on the edge "A" is made. It is provided with a rebate identical to that of the shingle (11).

 On the "D" side of the work surface, the lower edges of the shingles come to rest on the cleat forming the last transverse stop (9).

 Depending on the type of wood used for the shingles, it is possible that the application of a "bonding" treatment is advisable in order to optimize the adhesion of the polyester lamination on the wood.

 A layer of polyester reinforced with fiberglass is then applied according to the normal mode of use of this product on the inside of the shingles, taking care to achieve a good adhesion, a perfect seal, and a layer as strong and thin as possible. .It covers all the shingles and the shoulders on the edges "A" and "C" as indicated by dotted line (1) in FIG. 1.

 The polyester, once polymerized, the sheet can be removed from the mold and returned to its final position. If needed. the four edges are cut to final dimensions, eliminating any fringes of reinforced polyester.

 The parts devoid of shingles, on the edges "A" and "C", are of suitable width to ensure sufficient overlap between the different sheets according to the slope of the part to be covered and the standards in force in the region.

 The sheet obtained once completed has on the upper side of the shingles apparently similar to traditional shingles.

In the case of laying several sheets juxtaposed, the parts devoid of shingles "C" and "A" are covered respectively by the substantially straight edges * B "and" D "of the adjacent sheets
1 tightness between the different sheets to the right of overlaps is done at the elastomeric seal.

 The fixing of the sheets to the frame or framework is done on tight planking or on decking using hat points (or lag bolts) with sealing washer of the type used for fixing the sheets, and in accordance with the regulations in force in the region.

 The ridge pieces and the aretiers are dihedrons of polyester reinforced with> - shake shingles as shown in Figure 4. Note the covering part (13) devoid of shingles. The ridge pieces are obtained, for example, by laminating together, on a mold at the desired angle, two strips the width of a height of shingle taken from a sheet defined above, or by directly laminating shingles arranged in a dihedral mold comprising shoulders making it possible to obtain the part (intended for covering the parts together. In this case, the shingles may be of rectangular longitudinal section, and will be arranged as shown in FIG. 5.

 Depending on the type of application encountered, the material defined above may undergo modifications or additions which are not such as to call into question the originality of the present invention.

For example, the shingle sheets can be re-laminated together to obtain small monolithic roofs or accessories (awnings, cat flaps, sitting dogs, knives, etc.)
The sheets can receive reinforcements ensuring the plane formed by the sheet of its own rigidity, such as to participate in the support structure or to replace it (in the case of small-sized roofs). In this sense, Figure 6 ( en6) represents a sheet of "omega" type reinforcements (17). The thickness formed by the reinforcements leads to replacing the flat covering surfaces, devoid of shingles, by a groove in the form of a gutter (15) intended to channel the runoff seeping into the joints between two sheets.

 According to another variant shown in Figure 6 in (6C) the sheets can receive an insulating body (162, polyurethane foam, polystyrene or other, on the inner face, intended to provide, in addition to a certain rigidity, thermal insulation and soundproofing. The underside may also have an added decorative finish.

Claims (5)

CAN ICÂTIONS  1) The element, covering applicable to the facades and roofs of buildings, or in interior or exterior decoration, is characterized in that one (or more) layer of synthetic material binds on the upper face of the same sheet (1) a certain quantity of wooden shingles (8) arranged so as to aesthetically reproduce the covers of traditional wooden shingles.  2) The element, according to claim 1, is characterized by the fact that the synthetic coat (i) is a lamination of polyester resin reinforced with glass fibers or any other synthetic material having similar characteristics in the field of adhesion to shingles, 14 watertightness and mechanical properties allowing at least the same advantages.  3) The cover element according to the preceding claims is characterized in that the synthetic material (1) is intended to serve as a support and connection between the shingles (8) and ensures the leak-tightness of the element in its together.  40> The covering element according to the preceding claims is characterized in that the wooden shingles (8) are used as facing, to the exclusion of any participation in the sealing of the product obtained or in its mechanical characteristics.  5) The covering element according to any one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the stratification is carried out on shingles arranged upside down on a work surface (77 provided with cleats or stops (9 and 10) favoring the rectilinear positioning of the shingles, and the shoulders (2 and 3> serving as a mold for the part of the stratification which is intended for overlapping or interlocking ensuring the sealing of the sheets between them.  60) The covering element defined according to the preceding claims is characterized by the fact that the accessories such as ridge and hipbones are treated according to an identical process ensuring an esthetically coherent and technically as reliable result.