Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
  • C11D7/20—Water-insoluble oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds

Definitions

• the invention relates to an environmentally friendly abrasive and cleaning agent suitable for many cleaning purposes, which can also be used for washing and rust removal.
• the agent can be used to remove a wide variety of contaminants, such as oils, grease, soot, scale, rust, etc., from various surfaces - faience, enamel, porcelain, glass, metal, tiles, ceramics, stone, plastic.
• the powdered means all have essentially the same structure. They contain ground rock as the basic material and grinding material, so-called wash-active substances, hydrocarbon derivatives and water-soluble alkalis such as sodium hydroxide solution or soda as chemical active substances.
• wash-active substances hydrocarbon derivatives
• water-soluble alkalis such as sodium hydroxide solution or soda
• a really satisfactory cleaning effect can only be achieved in a relatively narrow area of application, i.e. such a product is either to be used only as a washing-up liquid or only as a scouring powder in the bathroom; none of these agents is suitable for rust removal.
• the agents mentioned are harmful to the environment because the detergent components they contain are compounds that do not degrade and cause environmental damage in natural waters.
• cleaning agents with a liquid, paste-like and solid consistency have been developed from the basic materials of the scouring powder.
• An example of this is the cleaning agent according to US-PS 4 005 027, which consists of 6-7 components, i.e. the expenditure on different raw materials is great.
• Some of these raw materials are themselves complex products (e.g. a polysilicate concentrate containing smectite and attapulgite), expensive and sometimes difficult to access.
• Some components e.g. hypochlorite, alkyl sulfates, pyrophosphate, triphosphate make the agents environmentally harmful; such an agent can therefore not be considered satisfactory, even if it cleans quickly, effectively, without staining and fog.
• the grinding component which makes up 30-60% of the agent, comes from the regrind of crystalline, quartz-containing minerals. Their use poses problems of occupational health and safety (silicosis).
• This cleaning agent contains environmentally harmful synthetic substances (polyethylene glycol, phenol ethylene oxide) and crystalline quartz. Dispersion at 53 ° C causes particular difficulties during production.
• the two agents described here are neither suitable for dissolving scale nor for rust removal, they are mostly used as detergents.
• Pronounced metal cleaning agents are described in Swiss Patent No. 185 097 (1936).
• the agents are in tablet form and are suitable for cleaning aluminum surfaces.
• baking soda, silica and glass powder are mixed together and pressed dry into tablets.
• the agent can no longer be considered suitable today because the strong alkali content corrodes the aluminum surfaces.
• the aim of the invention was to provide a cleaning and scouring powder which contains no synthetic substances or chemicals and consists of a single component and (without additional auxiliaries and active substances) has its effect solely on the basis of the specific properties of this component.
• the abrasive, cleaning and cleaning agent should clean effectively, be suitable for numerous applications, cause no scratches, be environmentally friendly; it should be able to be produced from a waste material in an energy-saving manner.
• the invention relates to the environmentally friendly abrasive and cleaning agent specified in claim 1.
• Advantageous refinements are specified in the subclaims.
• the glass for bottles and preserves is a complex complex of metal and alkali metal silicates, with mononuclear Si04-- and polynuclear Si0 '- and SI, 01- -oxo anions and giant molecules of lattice or chain structure.
• This silicate complex arises during glass production in the form of an amorphous substance not containing crystalline quartz.
• This end product, glass has to be crushed physically - by grinding - into a dusty product so that it can be used as an abrasive and cleaning agent. For this purpose it is not indifferent what kind of glass the powder is made from.
• the glass composition used for bottles and preserving jars is particularly suitable.
• the main criterion is that the alkali metal oxides (Na 2 0, K 2 0) should be present in the glass in a relatively large amount (about 10%), furthermore that the glass should be lead-free, ie must not contain lead oxide (PbO) because Lead compounds are toxic. For this reason, the types of glass lead crystal and semi-crystal are not suitable. Also other toxic substances must not be present in the regrind. In order to be able to meet this condition with certainty, it is advisable to use only the waste that is produced in the manufacture of glasses and bottles intended for the food industry. A ball mill is expediently used for grinding the bottles and cullet.
• the mechanical action the comminution in a wet medium, releases thermal forces from the material, which bring the material into a magnetically and chemically activated state.
• the activation which acts as a heat treatment, simultaneously destroys the bacteria that may be present in the material. It is characteristic of the mechanochemical activation, for example, that the water-insoluble silicon dioxide is water-soluble after the activation.
• the approximately 20% water content must be removed from the regrind. Drying can be done by simply leaving it in the air, but it is also possible to use a drying device.
• the device is intended to keep the material in motion, its heating medium must not melt the alkalis bound to the surface of the particles, the alkaline substances in the suspension which have dissolved must not escape with the steam.
• Suitable devices are, for example, the externally heated rotary drum used to dry the one basic material for glass production, dolomite, and also the so-called atomizer, which is used for the atomization drying of fine ceramic powders.
• the cleaning effect of the cleaning and scouring agent according to the invention is based on a completely new physico-chemical law, which results from the fact that the glass is finely ground; in this state it has properties that differ from those of compact glass as well as from quartz powder and result from the structure of the substance.
• the glass consists of an Si atom in the middle, structural units containing (common) oxygen atoms at the tips of the tetrahedron, which form a three-dimensional structure, a space network made of tetrahedra (e.g.
• Calcium carbonate is also contained in the aqueous medium that comes into contact with the glass powder and is deposited in the form of scale on the surfaces of the bathroom furnishings. Since the sodium or potassium ions bound to or detached from the particles have a greater affinity than calcium, they take its place (see also ion exchange), which causes potassium carbonate (potash, K 2 C0 3 ) or sodium carbonate (soda, Form Na 2 CO 3 ). The fastest and most extensive process for the formation of potash and soda is when carbon dioxide acts from the air. This can be the case during wet grinding and also during drying. For this it is extremely important to completely dry the glass powder after production and before consumption. A glass powder with residues of grinding moisture is not functional, its cleaning power cannot be compared with that of the dried powder.
• the compounds formed in the manner described make the suspension of the glass powder in water strongly alkaline (pH about 11 in the case of a 1: 1 suspension), which increases the degree of dissociation, certain impurities can be hydrolyzed and the liquid gains the properties of an electrolyte.
• the water-soluble alkali compounds are present in the aqueous suspension of the scouring and cleaning powder according to the invention in a concentration of a few m / m%, but only a negligible part of it, namely about 1%, is in solution. Most of the alkali compounds are fixed to the surface of the particles and take part in the cleaning process in a so-called hydration shell.
• These so-called surface-active substances reduce the interfacial tension between water and contamination due to their hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule and thereby improve the wettability. They lead to an increased adsorption of the hydroxide ions on the surface of the contaminants, and thereby occurs between the carrier surface (for example the surface of a wash basin to be cleaned) and the dirt layer due to the formation monomolecular layer on an electrostatic repulsion, which separates the two layers from each other.
• the surface and dirt layer now have the same charge sign and repel each other because they are both hydrophilic.
• the contamination is loosened, detached and removed, supported by mechanical processing.
• complex anions such as water glass, silica gel, silica gel with hydroxide, or occasionally hydroxonium ligands are present as surface-active substances, which could be addressed as anionic, rather than ampholytic, washing-active substances.
• These compounds cannot be detected using standardized alcoholic extraction because they are insoluble in alcohol. However, they can be precipitated from the aqueous suspension with acid.
• the amount of these wash-active substances in the scouring powder according to the invention is different and is some, but at least 4-5 m / m%.
• the hardness of the individual particles which is attributable to the structural stability of the structure-forming tetrahedron molecules and the hardness of the silicon ions, is likewise decisive for the properties of the cleaning agent according to the invention.
• the hardness is lower than the Brinell hardness 7, which the quartz crystal (SiO z ) has, or the hardness of the silicon, which is also 7 on the Mohs hardness scale.
• cleaning power This is the property of monomolecular layers (liquid skin) to create an adhesive effect between two bodies, which makes it possible to lift one body with the other, provided that the attraction between the lifting body (here the glass particle) and the other body (here the contamination) is greater than the adhesion between the contamination and the carrier, the surface on which it is located.
• this is to be understood to mean that a layer of water forms between the particle of the cleaning agent and the particle of the contaminant during wetting, which creates an adhesion between the two particles, by which the contaminant is torn off its surface and then adheres to the glass particle.
• the very small (up to 10pm) glass particles are twice unstable, firstly as glass and secondly as an amorphous substance (fractions of about one micron), the latter can be related to the paramagnetism that occurs during grinding that the glass powder actually has. This is shown by the fact that the powder is attracted to magnets, does not fall off a strong ferromagnet, for example, or only through the effect of the greater adhesion of the water.
• the very small particles have excellent adsorption properties and, for example, easily bind gases, solutes, dust particles of the same order of magnitude.
• the silicon oxide (Si0 2 ) and the silica gel (H 2 Si0 3 ) are excellent adsorbents.
• glass powder this can be explained by the fact that the binding forces of the ions on the surfaces of the glass particles are not fully compensated, but are even in an excited state due to the paramagnetism that occurs during grinding activation.
• the above-mentioned great adsorption capacity of the small particles also has a disadvantage, namely that they also act on one another and this tends to agglomerate (lump formation, caking).
• the scouring powder according to the invention is applied in the usual way to the surface to be cleaned, which was moistened immediately before with little tap water, which should be lukewarm or warm if possible.
• the ratio between scouring powder and water is appropriately 2: 1 to 1: 1.
• the usual auxiliary devices such as brushes, hard sponges, rags etc. are used for scrubbing.
• the scrubbed surface is washed off with plenty of water. With repeated use, stubborn dirt can also be removed.
• the agent is not suitable for removing coherent, thick layers of rust. No foam development occurs when the agent according to the invention is used.
• the greasy-dirty ring which remains in the bathtub after draining the water at the level of the previous water level, is slightly moistened.
• a quantity of the scouring powder according to the invention corresponding to a coffee spoon, is placed on a wet sponge and the contamination is rubbed, again moistened with a little lukewarm water.
• the tub is clean after a short time and without any special effort. Finally, the tub is rinsed with plenty of water.
• scale water stone
• the powder according to the invention and some commercially available products for this purpose are used for cleaning.
• the easiest way to remove the approximately 0.5 mm thick scale layer is by rubbing with the scouring powder according to the invention.
• the other cleaning agents were far less effective: 2. Caola-bip, 3. tub light, 4. Hyperdol @, 5. Ultra washing-up powder.
• the gas heater On a tiled wall, the gas heater has left an even coating of smoke. 1 m 2 of the large, contiguous area is always treated. The surface is moistened with a sponge. Then a small spoon of powder is sprinkled on the sponge, spread thinly so that the moisture of the sponge is absorbed into the powder, and then the surface, which is also damp, is rubbed. The tiles regain their former light color. Then it is washed with the wet sponge and finally rubbed dry with a dry, absorbent, soft cloth. The entire area is cleaned per square meter in the manner described.
• a floor laid out with 10 x 10 cm large Mettfachi hard ceramic tiles - floor tiles for kitchen, bathroom, balcony - is cleaned from the usual dust and grease contamination with the scouring powder according to the invention.
• the floor is hydrophobic in several places, ie water-repellent, which previously made cleaning difficult because the floor was not wetted at these places.
• the water immediately starts to stain on the surface wetted with water.
• a little of the scouring powder according to the invention is sprinkled on the hydrophobic areas, and then the surface with the wound rag (so that it does not contain too much water).
• the previously hydrophobic areas of the floor are also well wetted. This proves that the scouring powder according to the invention has the property, which is very desirable for cleaning agents, of being a good wetting agent.
• the plastic-covered door panels of a kitchen cabinet are cleaned with the scouring powder according to the invention from adhering food residues, fingerprints and other traces.
• the procedure is as described in the previous examples.
• the surfaces can be cleaned quickly and easily.
• a floor covering (kitchen) made of PVC is cleaned from the usual contaminants occurring in the kitchen with the agent according to the invention. Warm water is used for wiping. After prewetting and sprinkling with some scouring powder, the floor is rubbed with the wrinkled rag, with larger impurities with a little more effort. Then it is wiped up again with a little more water. The floor is nice and clean and dries without staining.
• Test pieces of an oxidized copper plate are cleaned with the scouring powder according to the invention and for comparison also with known scouring powders.
• Lukewarm water is used to wet the oxidized metal surface.
• a quantity of the powder to be examined, which corresponds to the amount of water, is sprinkled on the wetted surface and rubbed on the surface with a finger.
• the scouring agent according to the invention is by far the best. It is hardly necessary to rub, the oxide layer disappears completely and the copper regains its radiant color. The other powders have to be rubbed harder, but the result is not so obvious.
• the second best is "bathtub light", which, despite great effort, does not completely clean the surface and is unable to give copper back its old shine.
• the further sequence is: 3. Hyperdol @, 4. Caola-bip, 5. Washing-up powder Ultra. Ultra doesn't remove the oxide at all.
• the scouring powder according to the invention does not leave any scratch marks visible to the naked eye on the
• Test pieces made of rusty steel sheet are cleaned with the scouring powder according to the invention.
• the results are similar to those described in Example 8.
• the scouring powder according to the invention is highly effective, the other agents are considerably less effective (bath light, Hyperdol @) or ineffective (Caola-bip, washing-up powder Ultra).
• the scouring agent according to the invention leaves no scratch marks on the steel surface.
• An oxidized chrome surface (car) is cleaned with the powder according to the invention. Cold water and a cleaning rag are used. The surface becomes bright and shiny. The powder leaves no scratch marks because the cleaning particles have a much lower hardness than the chrome plating.
• An oxidized aluminum surface (grill) is cleaned with the scouring powder according to the invention and for comparison also with the known agents.
• the powder according to the invention has proven itself best; the action of the other agents follows the sequence given in Example 8.
• the agent according to the invention makes the aluminum surface radiant, bright, oxide-free and leaves no noticeable traces.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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• 1986
  • 1986-07-24 HU HU306586A patent/HU195976B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1987
  • 1987-07-23 JP JP50471887A patent/JPH01501157A/ja active Pending
  • 1987-07-23 WO PCT/HU1987/000031 patent/WO1988000613A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1987-07-23 EP EP19870905270 patent/EP0281575B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

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