EP0279609B1 - Herstellung von Wellpappe - Google Patents
Herstellung von Wellpappe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0279609B1 EP0279609B1 EP88301228A EP88301228A EP0279609B1 EP 0279609 B1 EP0279609 B1 EP 0279609B1 EP 88301228 A EP88301228 A EP 88301228A EP 88301228 A EP88301228 A EP 88301228A EP 0279609 B1 EP0279609 B1 EP 0279609B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flute
- roll
- liner
- corrugating
- board
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
- B31F1/20—Corrugating; Corrugating combined with laminating to other layers
- B31F1/24—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed
- B31F1/26—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed by interengaging toothed cylinders cylinder constructions
- B31F1/28—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed by interengaging toothed cylinders cylinder constructions combined with uniting the corrugated webs to flat webs ; Making double-faced corrugated cardboard
- B31F1/2813—Making corrugated cardboard of composite structure, e.g. comprising two or more corrugated layers
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of forming sandwich structures, comprising one of more non-corrugated sheet elements (liners) to which are bonded two or more corrugated (fluted) sheet elements (mediums) which are themselves bonded together.
- Australian Patent Application 62323/86 discloses an improved corrugated paper board structure in which two or more layers of corrugated medium (flutes) are bonded together at the peaks of the flutes, and are sandwiched between two outer liners.
- the disclosures of Application 62323/86 are incorporated herein by reference.
- Patent Specification 62323/86 also discloses a method of forming the structural paper in which two or more separate layers of corrugating medium are corrugated and then brought into flute tip to flute tip contact on synchronised corrugating rollers.
- EP-A-213957 which is a prior document in accordance with Art.54(3)EPC discloses apparatus for forming a corrugated board having two corrugated mediums bonded flute tip to flute tip, this structure being faced on both sides with a liner.
- FR-A-393156 on which, the preamble of claim 1 designated for the Contracting States AT, BE, CH, ES, GR, LI, LU and NL is based discloses a single faced corrugated board making apparatus capable of forming corrugated boards having two fluted mediums bonded together at the flute tips comprising mill roll stands for two mediums and one liner, two pairs of corrugating rolls synchronised so that the two fluted mediums are oriented for precise flute tip to flute tip bonding, a first adhesive application station adapted to apply adhesive to one of said fluted mediums prior to the flute tips of the said fluted mediums coming into contact, a second adhesive applicator station to apply adhesive to the exposed flute tips on one side of the bonded mediums or to the liner, a liner applicator roll located downstream of said second adhesive applicator and adapted to apply the liner to said one side of the bonded fluted mediums.
- a carrier roll juxtaposed to one of the corrugating rolls and adapted to support and continuously constrain the bonded fluted mediums during the development of the adhesive bond and the liner applicator roll is juxtaposed to said carrier roll.
- the assembled liner and corrugated medium or mediums are subjected to heat, or other energy or chemical process to initiate or assist in completion of the bonding.
- This low pressure method of bonding gives superior bond strength (pin adhesion) than is achieved in conventional single-faced board.
- the modification can also be incorporated into the manufacture of new corrugating machinery to enable conventional corrugated board with improved printing properties and visual appearance to be also made.
- Conventional machinery for forming corrugated board incorporates a unit for making single faced corrugated board, that is a liner adhered to a single fluted layer. More complex board constructions can be formed by bonding the exposed flutes to another liner and, if desired, subsequently bonding that to another single faced corrugated board.
- a "single facer” plant normally includes as its essential components:
- the present invention provides an improvement to a conventional single facer corrugated board making machine to enable the machine to make both conventional single faced board and flute to flute board
- conventional single facer corrugated making machine comprises mill roll stands for liner and corrugating medium, a pair of corrugating rolls for corrugating the medium into a fluted medium, a pair of heated smooth (non corrugated) guide rolls for the liner, an adhesive applicator for applying adhesive to the flute tips on one side of the fluted medium, a non corrugated pressure roll for bringing the liner into contact with the second corrugating roller to form the single facer board, and an idler roll to guide the formed single faced board to subsequent processing units, the improvement comprising providing a further pair of corrugating rolls synchronised with the existing pair of corrugating rolls, the existing adhesive applicator being used to effect the flute tip to flute tip bond, a mill roll stand for a second fluting medium to be fed through the further corrugating rolls, a second adhesive applicator for applying adhesive to either a liner or
- the further corrugating rolls are provided in place of the heated rolls and pressure roll for the liner or are provided in addition thereto.
- the mediums In forming the bonded fluted mediums it is necessary to constrain the mediums to maintain the flute orientation of each fluted layer and to maintain the orientation and symmetry of the flute tip to flute tip bonds. This may be achieved by using a grooved carrier roll to take up the bonded mediums and support them until the bond is set. Alternatively a smooth carrier surface can be used in association with vacuum to provide the necessary constraint. Other means for constraining the mediums can also be used such as strings or straps to maintain the flute tips in correct orientation.
- the improved strength characteristics of the double flute construction enable lighter weight board to be made having strengths equivalent to those found in heavier boards of conventional structure. Thus savings in material costs are possible using the flute to flute construction.
- boxes formed from flute to flute board exhibit superior durability and strength.
- the creasing and folding characteristics of board having flute to flute bonding are such that the corner and edge folds of boxes provide added strength to the construction.
- the flute to flute structure creases in a well defined manner to produce a hinged joint which is superior in strength, flexibility and visual appearance compared with creases in conventional board.
- Bonded fluted mediums according to this invention can be subsequently bonded to any suitable liner material to form light weight structural laminates.
- the mediums can be manufactured from 100% cellulose fibre or ligno-cellulose fibre or combinations of cellulose, ligno-cellulose and synthetic fibres, or they may be laminated structures.
- the liners or sheet elements may be of any material and structure of varying thickness including, but not limited to, paper board made of cellulose fibres, ligno-cellulose fibres; cellulose, ligno-cellulose and/or synthetic fibre mixtures; natural or synthetic polymers, wood, or metal; or laminates made of bonded layers of any combinations of these materials. Strips or strings of any material may also be fed intermittently, between the mediums across the flutes and thus be bonded at the flute tip to flute tip junction. The inclusion of such strips or strings will constrain the bonded mediums and prohibit expansion of the flute tip to flute tip structure until one or more liners are added and may additionally confer added strength to the board. Bonding may be achieved by use of adhesives or by other means such as, but not limited to, soldering, brazing and fusion welding.
- the liners can be wood veneer.
- the liners may be metal foil or synthetic polymers.
- the modification of a single flute station according to this invention enables in a conventional corrugator, the elimination of the need for pressure application to secure the bond between the liner and the corrugated medium.
- the use of the heat or other means to complete the bonding process of the first liner to corrugated medium or mediums at the single facer is an innovation and has the advantage of not adversely affecting the strength of the board and of not adversely affecting the appearance of the board by reducing the normal pressure lines.
- figure 1 represents a schematic view of a conventional single facer unit
- figure 2 shows a schematic view of the unit as modified by this invention for forming a flute to flute structure
- figure 3 shows a detailed view of figure 2
- figure 4 shows the modified unit of this invention when used to make conventional single faced corrugated board.
- a conventional single facer unit comprises mill roll stands 4 and 5, a preheater roll 6, a single facer station 7 and a mill roll 8 stand for fluting medium 23.
- the single facer station 7 comprises the corrugating rolls 10 and 11, adhesive applicator 12, pressure roll 13 for pressing the liner against the corrugated medium 23 on roll 11.
- the liner board 21 is fed from stand 5 over preheater roll 6 to the heated smooth guide rolls 14 and 15.
- the formed single faced board 24 is transferred to idler roll 16 and then to conveyor 17 which transports the single faced board 24 for further processing.
- one of the mill roll stands 5 is used for a second corrugating medium 22 while an other mill roll stand is used for liner 21.
- a new guide roll 31 is used to guide the liner onto preheater roll 6 and then under a new guide roll 32, to the S wrap rolls and onto the carrier roll 36.
- a second preheater roll 42 is inserted under preheater roll 6.
- a new roll guide 43 is used to guide the medium onto the preheater roll 42 and then under a new guide roll 44.
- a further preheater roll 45 is used. This will require a roll guide 46 and a roll guide 47 to guide the medium into the single facer S wrap heated rolls. Steam sprays may be mounted on preheater rolls to precondition the sheet.
- Steam boxes may be located before rolls 10 and 34 to condition the mediums prior to corrugating.
- An automatic splicer may be utilized with each medium coming from roll stands 5 and 8 with the liner coming from roll stand 4.
- the guide roll 14 and pressure roll 13 shown in figure 1 are replaced by corrugating rolls 34 and 35.
- the heated smooth guide roll 15 is used to preheat the corrugating medium 22.
- the two corrugated mediums 22 and 23 are adhered together between rolls 35 and 11 which are driven synchronously to ensure precise flute tip to flute tip bonding. This can be achieved by installing a direct drive, meshed gear drive or toothed belt drive between the driven lower corrugating roll 35 and the corrugating roll 11.
- a carrier roll 36 is installed to operate as a take-off roll and to provide support and constraint for the bonded mediums.
- the carrier roll 36 may be constructed as a shell with appropriate drilling for vacuum application to hold the flute to flute structure in position on the carrier roll. Fingers or guides may also be provided to achieve the positioning of the flute to flute structure on the carrier roll and the corrugating rolls.
- the corrugating rolls 11 and 35 can be arranged with a vacuum facility to hold the fluted product in the roll flutes.
- the area providing the vacuum on roll 35 can be extended to hold the flute to flute structure in the roll flutes and present them in such a way as to achieve a correctly aligned transfer to the carrier roll 36.
- the carrier roll 36 may be a plain or grooved cylindrical surface or may also be provided with spaced bars of metallic or non-metallic materials to carry the flute to flute structure.
- Holding of the flute to flute structure to the carrier roll 36 may also be achieved by use of vacuum, applied from within the carrier roll inner cavity.
- a new adhesive applicator station 37 is located adjacent to the carrier roll 36 to apply adhesive to the flute tips on the exposed face of the flute to flute structure.
- the surface of the carrier roll may be arranged to provide a positive air pressure at point 40, causing the flute to flute structure to "puff out” ensuring a good transfer of the adhesive to the exposed tips of the structure.
- the roll 38 guides the liner 21 to join with the flute to flute structure to form one particular example of the structures which are the subject of the invention disclosed in disputed Patent Application No. 62323/86.
- the top liner 21 is assisted in bonding to the flute to flute structure after the glue application by an input of energy in the form of radiant or convected heat, microwave or other energy by the units 39.
- All components may be pre-heated, moistened or pre-treated to accelerate bonding of the component to component interfaces.
- the carrier roll assisted by positive air pressure from the blow box 40 inside the carrier roll 36, or vacuum from the liner side, will discharge the combined liner and flute to flute structure 25 to transport section 41 preceding the next processing station.
- the transport section 41 may be straight or curved in shape, and if curved, the curve will be arranged to utilise tension forces in the liner to apply gentle pressure to the glue bond. A change in radius will achieve further beneficial bond development.
- the transport section 41 may be provided with a driven carrier belt or belts to transfer the combined liner and flute to flute structure to the next section or next processing unit.
- the carrier roll 36 is driven by a separate synchronised drive, a meshed gear drive or a toothed belt drive from the lower corrugating roll 35 or primary driven roll 11 to ensure it is synchronised with the corrugating roll 35.
- Precision, of flute tip to flute tip bonding and in the control of transfer from corrugating roll 35 to the carrier roll 36 and in the positional restraint of the flute to flute structure prior to the addition of liner 21 form key elements of this invention.
- the modified unit of this invention can also be used to make an improved form of conventional single faced corrugated board.
- An improved single-faced corrugated board may be produced by ceasing to feed the corrugating medium 23 to the corrugating rolls 10 and 11 and also ceasing to apply glue to glue station 12 while continuing application at glue station 37 to corrugated medium 22.
- the glue station 37 is moved towards the carrier roll 36 to contact the thinner conventional corrugated sheet and the carrier roll 36 is rotated through one half flute pitch to bring corrugated medium 22 into mesh with carrier roll 36, after leaving corrugating roll 35.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
Claims (3)
- Verbesserung einer üblichen Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von einseitiger Wellpappe, um es zu ermöglichen, daß die Vorrichtung sowohl übliche einseitige Wellpappe als auch Pappe des Typs Welle-an-Welle erzeugen kann, wobei die Vorrichtung Prägewerk-Walzgerüste (5, 8) für ein Abdeckmaterial (21) und für ein gewelltes Material (23), ein Paar wellenbildende Walzen (10, 11) zum Überführen eines Materials (23) in ein gewelltes Material, ein Paar erhitzter glatter (nicht gewellter) Führungswalzen (14, 15) für das Abdeckmaterial, eine Klebstoffauftragsvorrichtung (12) zum Aufbringen von Klebstoff auf die Wellenspitzen an einer Seite des gewellten Materials, eine nicht gewellte Druckwalze (13), um das Abdeckaterial mit der zweiten gewellten Walze (11) in Kontakt zu bringen und die einseitige Wellpappe zu bilden, sowie eine Leitwalze (16) zur Führung der gebildeten einseitigen Wellpappe (24) zu nachfolgenden Verarbeitungseinheiten aufweist, wobei die Verbesserung darin besteht, daß ein weiteres Paar von wellenbildenden Walzen (34, 35) vorgesehen ist, die mit dem bereits vorhandenen Paar von wellenbildenden Walzen (10, 11) synchronisiert sind, und die bereits vorhandene Klebstoffauftragsvorrichtung (12) dazu benutzt wird, um die Bindung von Wellenspitze zu Wellenspitze zu bewirken, und ein Prägewerk-Walzgerüst für ein zweites gewelltes Material (22) vorliegt, das durch die weiteren wellenbildenden Walzen (34, 35) geführt werden soll, eine zweite Klebstoffauftragsvorrichtung (37) zum Aufbringen von Klebstoff auf entweder das Abdeckmaterial oder die freiliegenden Spitzen an einer Seite der Struktur des Type Welle-an-Welle vor dem Verbinden mit einem Abdeckmaterial vorgesehen ist, sowie eine ähnliche Behandlung jedes der Materialien vor der Wellenbildung stattfindet, wobei diese Behandlung die Einstellung der Spannung, das Vorerhitzen, das Vorkonditionieren, das Bereitstellen von erhitzten S-förmig umschlungenen Antriebswalzen und das Bereitstellen von Dampfkammer-Konditioniereinrichtungen umfaßt, die mit einer zusätzlichen Trägerwalze (36) ausgerüstet ist, welche als Abnahmewalze arbeitet und die Welle-an-Welle-Struktur abstützt und sie dabei in einer Konfiguration hält, die zu einem genauen übereinstimmenden Tragen während des Aufbringens von Klebstoff führt und eine unkontrollierte Bewegung der Wellenspitze-zu-Wellenspitze-Struktur während der Entwicklung der Klebstoffbindung mit dem Abdeckmaterial verhindert, und eine weitere Führungswalze (38) neben der genannten Trägerwalze (36) angeordnet ist, um das Abdeckmaterial tangential auf die gebundene Wellenstruktur aufzubringen, wobei die Anordnung derart ist, daß zum Herstellen einer einseitigen Wellpappe ein wellenbildendes Material weggelassen, ein Paar der wellenbildenden Walzen nicht benutzt und eine der Klebstoffauftragsvorrichtungen nicht verwendet wird.
- Verbesserung nach Anspruch 1, worin die weiteren wellenbildenden Walzen (34, 35) anstelle der erhitzten Führungswalzen (14) uund der Druckwalze (13) für das Abdeckmaterial oder zusätzlich hierzu vorgesehen sind.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88301228T ATE84464T1 (de) | 1987-02-18 | 1988-02-15 | Herstellung von wellpappe. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPI042187 | 1987-02-18 | ||
AU421/87 | 1987-02-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0279609A2 EP0279609A2 (de) | 1988-08-24 |
EP0279609A3 EP0279609A3 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
EP0279609B1 true EP0279609B1 (de) | 1993-01-13 |
Family
ID=3772024
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88301228A Expired - Lifetime EP0279609B1 (de) | 1987-02-18 | 1988-02-15 | Herstellung von Wellpappe |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0279609B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH07110525B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE84464T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8800608A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1304663C (de) |
DE (1) | DE3877375T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK171173B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2037209T3 (de) |
FI (1) | FI90641C (de) |
GR (1) | GR3007159T3 (de) |
MY (1) | MY102285A (de) |
NO (1) | NO173642C (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ223556A (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA881100B (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2724894B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-31 | 1998-03-09 | アムコー・リミテツド | 片面段ボール製造装置 |
GB8825145D0 (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1988-11-30 | Langston Machine | Improvements in corrugating machines |
US5306384A (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1994-04-26 | Amcor Limited | Machine for making corrugated board including a vacuum/positive pressure transfer roll |
US5693167A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1997-12-02 | Molins Plc | Corrugated board manufacture |
JP3385021B2 (ja) * | 1991-08-19 | 2003-03-10 | アムコー・リミテッド | 段ボールの製造 |
MY107173A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1995-09-30 | Amcor Ltd | Corrugated paperboard production and apparatus therefor |
ES2053377B1 (es) * | 1992-03-02 | 1996-01-16 | Torres Martinez M | Sistema para la fabricacion de carton ondulado. |
FR2708011B1 (fr) * | 1993-07-20 | 1995-10-13 | Otor Sa | Machine et procédé de fabrication d'une feuille de carton ondulé simple face. |
FR2719521B1 (fr) * | 1994-05-06 | 1996-07-19 | Otor Sa | Machine et procédé de fabrication d'une feuille de carton ondulé simple face par encollage sous traction. |
GB2303385A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-19 | Scm Container Mach Ltd | Apparatus for producing corrugated paperboard |
WO1998018614A1 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-07 | Best Carton, Ltd. | Production of corrugated board structures |
DE19716706A1 (de) * | 1997-04-21 | 1998-10-29 | Bhs Corr Masch & Anlagenbau | Maschine zur Herstellung einer einseitig kaschierten Wellpappebahn |
CN103781623B (zh) * | 2011-07-20 | 2016-08-17 | 爱生雅林业产品公司 | 可平滑弯曲的板 |
DE102012201279A1 (de) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-01 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Umhüllungsmaterialstreifens |
CN109334130B (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2024-06-14 | 天津津永诚包装技术有限公司 | 瓦楞纸板流水线 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0213957A2 (de) * | 1985-09-04 | 1987-03-11 | Amcor Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wellpappe |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR12081E (fr) * | 1910-07-05 | Societe L. Sutre Et J. Tardieu | Emballage et matériel pour le fabriquer | |
DE473855C (de) * | 1926-11-18 | 1929-03-22 | Albert Marcel Arbin | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Wellpappe mit zusammengedraengten Wellen als Zwischenschicht und einem oder zwei Deckblaettern |
JPS555418A (en) * | 1978-06-22 | 1980-01-16 | Kuromi Ezeru | Solarrenergyyoperated engine |
DE3232774C2 (de) * | 1982-09-03 | 1986-06-19 | Werner H.K. Peters Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Einseitige Wellpappenmaschine |
-
1988
- 1988-02-12 BR BR8800608A patent/BR8800608A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-13 MY MYPI88000150A patent/MY102285A/en unknown
- 1988-02-15 EP EP88301228A patent/EP0279609B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-15 AT AT88301228T patent/ATE84464T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-15 ES ES198888301228T patent/ES2037209T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-15 DE DE8888301228T patent/DE3877375T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-16 CA CA000558970A patent/CA1304663C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-17 DK DK081488A patent/DK171173B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-17 ZA ZA881100A patent/ZA881100B/xx unknown
- 1988-02-17 NO NO880696A patent/NO173642C/no unknown
- 1988-02-17 FI FI880743A patent/FI90641C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-18 NZ NZ223556A patent/NZ223556A/xx unknown
- 1988-02-18 JP JP63034118A patent/JPH07110525B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-02-25 GR GR930400395T patent/GR3007159T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0213957A2 (de) * | 1985-09-04 | 1987-03-11 | Amcor Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wellpappe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ223556A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
DK81488A (da) | 1988-08-19 |
EP0279609A3 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
GR3007159T3 (de) | 1993-07-30 |
JPH07110525B2 (ja) | 1995-11-29 |
NO880696D0 (no) | 1988-02-17 |
FI880743A (fi) | 1988-08-19 |
DE3877375D1 (de) | 1993-02-25 |
NO173642C (no) | 1994-01-12 |
JPS63203325A (ja) | 1988-08-23 |
ES2037209T3 (es) | 1993-06-16 |
CA1304663C (en) | 1992-07-07 |
NO880696L (no) | 1988-08-19 |
DK171173B1 (da) | 1996-07-15 |
EP0279609A2 (de) | 1988-08-24 |
FI90641B (fi) | 1993-11-30 |
NO173642B (no) | 1993-10-04 |
MY102285A (en) | 1992-05-15 |
ATE84464T1 (de) | 1993-01-15 |
BR8800608A (pt) | 1988-09-27 |
DK81488D0 (da) | 1988-02-17 |
FI90641C (fi) | 1994-03-10 |
DE3877375T2 (de) | 1993-05-06 |
FI880743A0 (fi) | 1988-02-17 |
ZA881100B (en) | 1988-08-12 |
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