EP0274974B1 - Dispositif de dégivrage pour fenêtre de toit - Google Patents

Dispositif de dégivrage pour fenêtre de toit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0274974B1
EP0274974B1 EP87440079A EP87440079A EP0274974B1 EP 0274974 B1 EP0274974 B1 EP 0274974B1 EP 87440079 A EP87440079 A EP 87440079A EP 87440079 A EP87440079 A EP 87440079A EP 0274974 B1 EP0274974 B1 EP 0274974B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roof window
glazed surface
fact
opening
electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87440079A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0274974A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Jacques Kautt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pour L'etude Des Composants De L'avenir Dite Seca Societe A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Original Assignee
Pour L'etude Des Composants De L'avenir Dite Seca Societe A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pour L'etude Des Composants De L'avenir Dite Seca Societe A Responsabilite Ltee Ste filed Critical Pour L'etude Des Composants De L'avenir Dite Seca Societe A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
Priority to AT87440079T priority Critical patent/ATE51266T1/de
Publication of EP0274974A1 publication Critical patent/EP0274974A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0274974B1 publication Critical patent/EP0274974B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H01H3/16—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. for a door switch, a limit switch, a floor-levelling switch of a lift
    • H01H3/161—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. for a door switch, a limit switch, a floor-levelling switch of a lift for actuation by moving a closing member, e.g. door, cover or lid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
    • E04D13/035—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts
    • E04D13/0351—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts the parts pivoting about a fixed axis
    • E04D13/0354—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts the parts pivoting about a fixed axis the parts being flat
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/10—Snow traps ; Removing snow from roofs; Snow melters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roof window composed of an opening connected, by means of hollow shaft pivots, to a frame, said opening being provided with a glazed surface provided with a defrosting device formed by an electrical resistance. connected to an electrical supply or energy using electrical cables housed in the hollow shaft of at least one of the pivots, these comprising a contactor actuated when the opening is closed.
  • these roof windows have a number of drawbacks, in particular when they are used for dwellings located in regions where the climate is harsh. During certain times of the year, the outside temperature approaches zero degrees Celsius. During these periods, the glass of the roof window is very often covered with a layer of frost reducing visibility to the outside of the dwelling. However, this frost also has the effect of filtering, on passing through the glazed surface, the outside light entering the dwelling and, consequently, of reducing the interior clarity.
  • These drawbacks can be eliminated either, in part, by maintaining artificial lighting, even during the day, inside the house, or, entirely, by scraping the frost which has deposited on the glass. This last solution is accompanied by a certain number of constraints, namely: access to the exterior glazed surface, which is not always the easiest, scraping the frost and finally, warming the house following the opening the roof window.
  • Defrosting devices for motor vehicle windows are already known. Frequently, these deicing devices consist of an electrical resistance composed of a filament folded in the form of a coil. This resistor is either placed in a plastic film to stick on the vehicle window, or embedded directly in the glass constituting the window.
  • the glazed surface of a vehicle is that arranged at the rear, called the rear windshield.
  • the latter can be mounted immobile to the structure of the vehicle, or on an articulated element such as a door of the tailgate type or the like.
  • this connection of the resistor to an electrical energy supply poses no problem.
  • this connection is made at the articulation of the door, by means of an electric cable.
  • the latter must have a certain flexibility and make it possible to compensate for small variations in length between the window and the fixed structure of the vehicle, when the door is opened or closed.
  • document FR-A 2 180 433 already discloses a locking window provided with a defrosting device. More specifically, this defrosting device can be energized when the window is closed. To this end, the cremone bolt ensuring the locking of the latter is able to control a switch acting on an electrical energy supply circuit located on the sleeping frame. In addition, this supply circuit is connected to the glazed surface by means of contactors arranged, respectively, in the rebate of the fixed frame and of the opening element (s).
  • This prior document also relates to roof windows whose opening is tilted around a horizontal axis located, substantially, in the median plane of said roof windows.
  • the cutting of the supply circuit is controlled by the locking device generally located on the lower cross member of the opening. Furthermore, the connection between the glazed surface and this supply circuit is ensured, as above, by means of contactors arranged, respectively, in rebates of the opening and of the sleeping frame.
  • the connecting means used namely contactors housed in the rebates of the opening and of the sleeping frame, it is it is essential to have an auxiliary cut-off circuit. This is activated either by the cremone bolt or by any locking device.
  • this cremone bolt or any other locking device necessarily has a structure different from some of its constituent elements compared to standard type products. This obviously increases the difficulties of manufacturing and stock management in a company.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, solves the problem of creating a roof window composed of an opening connected, by means of hollow shaft pivots, to a frame, said opening being provided with '' a glazed surface provided with a defrosting device formed by an electrical resistance connected to an electrical energy supply by means of electrical cables housed in the hollow shaft of at least one of the pivots, these comprising a contactor actuated when the opening is closed and composed of a ball under elastic stress, integral with the movable part of the pivot, cooperating, when the opening is closed, with a tensioned surface disposed on the fixed part of the pivot and connected to the power supply.
  • the advantages obtained thanks to this invention consist essentially in that the deicing or snow removal is done automatically thanks to the heat given off by the deicing device, the means for connecting to a supply of electrical energy having great security due to their inaccessibility. . Furthermore, these connecting means do not interfere with the operation of the roof window.
  • the invention relates to a roof window 1 composed of a frame 2 secured to a structure 3 of a roof 4, and an opening 5 provided with a glass surface 6.
  • the opening 5 is connected to the frame 2 by by means of pivots 7 permitting to give said opening 5 a rotation about a horizontal axis 8 and situated approximately in the horizontal median plane 9 of the roof window 1.
  • the roof window 1 When the roof window 1 is opened, the opening of the opening 5 relative to the frame 2 takes place in a well-defined direction, so as to tilt, on the one hand, the upper part 10 of the opening 5 towards the inside of the dwelling and, on the other hand, the lower part 11 of said opening 5 towards the outside.
  • This direction of opening of the roof window 1 makes it possible to satisfy the sealing criterion of the latter.
  • the roof window 1 comprises, on its external face 12, a frame 13 disposed astride the joining lines 14 between the opening 5 and the frame 2 to guarantee this tightness.
  • This frame 13 is in two parts 15 and 16, the upper part 15 being secured to the frame 17 of the frame 2 and the lower part 16 being fixed to the frame 18 of the opening 5.
  • the angle 19 between the leaf 5 and the frame 2 is one hundred thirty-five to one hundred and sixty degrees depending on the type of roof window.
  • the external face 20 of the glazed surface 6 is oriented towards the interior of the dwelling making it accessible for possible cleaning.
  • the invention provides means for clearing the glass surface 6 of any snow or frost.
  • the roof window 1 comprises at least one defrosting device 21 composed of an electrical resistance 22 consisting of a filament 23 folded in the form of a serpentine.
  • This electrical resistance 22 is disposed on the glazed surface 6 and it is connected, by connection means 24, to a supply 25 of electrical energy.
  • This consists of an electric cable connected to the electrical network of the house and brought to the level of the frame 2 of the roof window 1. Its starting or stopping the operation of the defrosting device 21 are controlled by a switch placed either near the roof window 1 or at any other place in the dwelling.
  • the roof window 1 comprises two de-icing devices 21, the electrical resistances 22 of which are connected, independently of one another, to the supply of electrical energy 25 via the connecting means 24.
  • the two defrosting devices 21, controlled by different switches it is possible to regulate the heating of the glazed surface 6.
  • the arrangement of the electrical resistors 22 of the two defrosting devices 21 may differ depending on the desired result.
  • the first solution consists in nesting these electrical resistors 22 one inside the other. Such an arrangement makes it possible to act on the speed of defrosting of the glazed surface 6 according to whether only one or the two defrosting devices 21 are supplied with electrical energy.
  • the second solution consists in placing an electrical resistance 22 of a defrosting device 21 on either side of the median plane 9 on the glazed surface 6. Very often, for questions of displacement of air by convection, the glazed surface 6 is only partially covered with frost, this arrangement of the electrical resistors 22 making it possible, in this case, to heat only the part of the glazed surface 6 to be defrosted.
  • a glazed surface 6 with an electrical resistance 22 can be embedded in the thickness of the glass constituting the pane or arranged in a plastic film bonded to the glazed surface 6.
  • the window, provided with a defrosting device 21 has one of its faces in contact with the outside atmosphere of the dwelling.
  • the window provided with a defrosting device 21
  • the electrical resistance 22 will either be embedded in the glass, or preferably stuck on the face directed towards the interior of the dwelling.
  • connection means 24 the electrical resistances 22 of the defrosting devices 21 are connected, by connection means 24, to a supply 25 of electrical energy disposed inside the dwelling.
  • these connecting means 24 are housed in one or in the two pivots 7.
  • the pivot 7 comprises a hollow shaft 26 serving as a shaft for rotation of the opening 5 with respect to the frame 2.
  • an electrical cable 27 connecting the electrical resistance 22 to the power supply 25.
  • the electrical cable 27 is given a slight twist.
  • the variation in length resulting from the latter is of minimal importance and can be considered as zero. It will be necessary to provide an disconnectable electrical connection between the electrical resistance 22 and the electrical cable 27 so as to be able to disassemble the leaf 5 and remove it from the frame 2.
  • the pivots 7 constitute the connecting means 24 between the electrical resistance 22 and the power supply 25, each pivot 7 having one of the polarities.
  • the pivots 7 are necessarily insulated with respect to the structure 3 of the roof 4 and of the frame 18 of the opening 5 but also with respect to any contact with a user.
  • the glazed surface 6 of the roof window 1 can only comprise a single defrosting device 21.
  • This electrical connection by means of the pivots 7 may be of the permanent type or of the disconnectable type when the roof window 1 is opened.
  • the pivots 7 are provided with a contactor actuated during closing. opening 5.
  • the contactor is composed of a ball under elastic stress secured to the movable part of the pivot 7, cooperating, when the opening 5 is closed, with a tensioned surface disposed on the fixed part of the pivot 7 and connected to the power supply 25.
  • the connecting means 24 are of the retractable type and constituted by male electrical plugs 28 cooperating with female electrical plugs 29.
  • male electrical plugs 28 it is essential to have the male electrical plugs 28 on the opening 5, so as to avoid any risk of contact with the supply 25 of electrical energy.
  • the male electrical plugs 28 and the female electrical plugs 29 have been disposed respectively on the lower edge 30 of the frame 18 of the leaf 5 and on the lower edge 31 of the frame 17 of the frame 2. It is obvious that these cards can be placed in any other place. However, by preferably placing them on the part 32 of the roof window 1, located below the axis 8, it is not necessary, for the installation of these sheets, to modify the structure of the rebates of the frame 18 of the opening 5, nor that of the frame 17 of the frame 2.
  • such a deicing device 21 comprising an electrical resistance 22 which can be bonded to the glazed surface 6 and retractable connecting means 24, can be easily attached to any type of pre-existing roof window 1.
  • the electrical resistance 22 is placed on a transparent plastic support and glued on one side, this support being fixed on the glass surface 6 of the roof window 1. Consequently, on the one hand, it suffices, to secure the male electrical plugs 28 on the lower edge 30 of the frame 19 of the opening 5 and this, so that they are directed towards the interior of the dwelling and, on the other hand, to fix the female electrical plugs 29 on the lower edge 31 of the frame 17 of the frame 2, in accordance with the male electrical plugs 28.
  • the male electrical plugs 28 are connected to the electrical resistance 22 and the female electrical plugs 29 are connected to the power supply 25 by passing through a control switch.
  • these deicing devices 21 can be marketed independently of the roof window 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
EP87440079A 1986-12-04 1987-11-27 Dispositif de dégivrage pour fenêtre de toit Expired - Lifetime EP0274974B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87440079T ATE51266T1 (de) 1986-12-04 1987-11-27 Entfrostungsvorrichtung fuer dachfenster.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8617112A FR2607849A1 (fr) 1986-12-04 1986-12-04 Dispositif de degivrage pour fenetre de toit
FR8617112 1986-12-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0274974A1 EP0274974A1 (fr) 1988-07-20
EP0274974B1 true EP0274974B1 (fr) 1990-03-21

Family

ID=9341645

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87440079A Expired - Lifetime EP0274974B1 (fr) 1986-12-04 1987-11-27 Dispositif de dégivrage pour fenêtre de toit

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0274974B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS63142143A (da)
AT (1) ATE51266T1 (da)
DE (1) DE3761993D1 (da)
DK (1) DK636187A (da)
ES (1) ES2013646B3 (da)
FR (1) FR2607849A1 (da)
GR (1) GR3000551T3 (da)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4111150A1 (de) * 1991-04-06 1992-10-08 Kronenberg Gmbh H & J Sicherheitsschalter
RU2209903C1 (ru) * 2001-12-19 2003-08-10 Юсупов Камиль Хатымович Устройство для удаления снега и льда с карнизного свеса крыши
RU2209904C1 (ru) * 2002-01-28 2003-08-10 Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова Устройство для удаления льда с водостоков крыш зданий и сооружений
DE20204263U1 (de) * 2002-03-17 2003-07-31 Döppner Kunststoffenster KG, 36137 Großenlüder Gebäudedachelement

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE600994C (de) * 1931-12-11 1934-08-04 Hans Albrecht Dipl Ing Elektrisch beheiztes Drahtglas zur Beseitigung von Feuchtigkeitsniederschlaegen, insbesondere fuer Schaufenster und Verkehrsmittel
CH419531A (de) * 1964-05-04 1966-08-31 W & H Umiker Geb Einrichtung an Oberlichtern und Fenstern aus Glasbausteinen, zur Verhinderung von Schnee- und Eisbesatz auf der Aussenseite, und von Kondenswasserbildung auf der Innenseite, sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US3428738A (en) * 1966-03-17 1969-02-18 Elco Corp Hinge with conductors passing therethrough
FR2180433A1 (da) * 1972-04-17 1973-11-30 Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson
DE3004457A1 (de) * 1980-02-07 1981-08-13 Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen Schwenkbares autofenster
DE3203476A1 (de) * 1982-02-03 1983-08-11 Wilh. Frank Gmbh, 7022 Leinfelden-Echterdingen Dachfenster

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2607849A1 (fr) 1988-06-10
ATE51266T1 (de) 1990-04-15
EP0274974A1 (fr) 1988-07-20
DK636187D0 (da) 1987-12-03
ES2013646B3 (es) 1990-05-16
DE3761993D1 (de) 1990-04-26
JPS63142143A (ja) 1988-06-14
DK636187A (da) 1988-06-05
GR3000551T3 (en) 1991-07-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0093061B1 (fr) Dispositif d'étanchéité à actionnement automatique pour fermetures de bâtiments, notamment portes et fenêtres
EP0647305A1 (fr) Porte de four
EP3115525B1 (fr) Lame orientable et isolante pour une installation de protection solaire
EP1953326B1 (fr) Châssis de porte ou fenêtre à ouvrant coulissant comportant un montant vertical d'ouvrant caché
EP0274974B1 (fr) Dispositif de dégivrage pour fenêtre de toit
LU88178A1 (fr) Hublot pour vehicules de loisir
EP1059409B1 (fr) Dispositif de renvoi de fouillot
EP2832949B1 (fr) Système de commande de lames de jalousie et jalousie correspondante
EP0669445B1 (fr) Lame profilée pour fermeture à rideau et meuble incluant un tel rideau
WO1985000328A1 (fr) Essuie-glace comportant un axe d'articulation du balai sur le bras a verrouillage transversal
FR2740811A1 (fr) Chassis d'ouvrant de fenetre a deux vantaux
EP1644607B1 (fr) Porte a repliement et dispositif de guidage de rideau
FR2581119A1 (fr) Mecanisme d'ouverture d'une fenetre pour toits en pente, a compensation de poids d'ouvrant et a retournement pour nettoyage
FR2709785A1 (fr) Porte de manutention.
WO2021160962A1 (fr) Systeme de fixation d'un vitrage lateral de moyen de transport avec un verrou
FR2615225A1 (fr) Dispositif monte sur un toit pour evacuer la fumee et la chaleur
FR2920113A1 (fr) Portiere de vehicule a dispositif d'occultation en partie basse.
EP1462732A1 (fr) Appareil pour l'admission d'air frais et/ou le désenfumage d'un local
FR2803338A1 (fr) Ventilateur d'evacuation electrique
FR2734311A1 (fr) Chassis d'occultation a lames
EP1571068A1 (fr) Dispositif pour cacher et proteger les balais d'essuie-glace d'un véhicule automobile en position inactive
FR2695957A1 (fr) Dispositif de motorisation pour la manÓoeuvre électrique des volets et autres vantaux pivotants.
FR2497867A1 (fr) Fermeture en bois telle que porte vitree ou fenetre comportant des feuillures auto-drainantes
BE891800A (fr) Fenetre a vantaux mobiles
FR2882388A1 (fr) Charniere pour porte de candelabre

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19880905

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19890220

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19900321

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 51266

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19900415

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3761993

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19900426

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3000551

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19901127

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19901128

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 19901128

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19901130

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19901130

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19901130

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19901130

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: SOC. POUR L'ETUDE DES COMPOSANTS DE L'AVENIR DITE

Effective date: 19901130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19910601

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19910801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19911127

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: MM2A

Free format text: 3000551

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 87440079.9

Effective date: 19910705

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20010301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051127