EP0272957A1 - Automatische Maschine zum Feststampfen von Kohlenkuchen zum Verkoken - Google Patents

Automatische Maschine zum Feststampfen von Kohlenkuchen zum Verkoken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0272957A1
EP0272957A1 EP87402589A EP87402589A EP0272957A1 EP 0272957 A1 EP0272957 A1 EP 0272957A1 EP 87402589 A EP87402589 A EP 87402589A EP 87402589 A EP87402589 A EP 87402589A EP 0272957 A1 EP0272957 A1 EP 0272957A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pestle
machine according
rollers
box
elementary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87402589A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0272957B1 (de
Inventor
Robert Baro
Louis Crauser
André Mely
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Charbonnages de France CDF
Original Assignee
Charbonnages de France CDF
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8616478A external-priority patent/FR2607065B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8616477A external-priority patent/FR2607064B1/fr
Application filed by Charbonnages de France CDF filed Critical Charbonnages de France CDF
Publication of EP0272957A1 publication Critical patent/EP0272957A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0272957B1 publication Critical patent/EP0272957B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B45/00—Other details
    • C10B45/02—Devices for producing compact unified coal charges outside the oven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/20—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor
    • B21J7/36—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor for drop hammers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine for automatically pounding coal mixtures (possibly with other constituents) to prepare pounded coal bars which are then placed in a coke oven to be transformed into coke.
  • Machines of this type are already known, the role of which is to pack a mixture of coals in a mold also called pounding box.
  • the mixture of fine charcoal is poured into the mold through the upper part of the latter and it is compacted by at least one pestle which has a pounding sole and which is constantly lifted and left in free fall on the coal to be compacted.
  • the box has a small width to which is substantially equal to that of the pounding sole of each pestle; the ramming box has a significant length.
  • Each movement corresponds to a ramming stroke which is approximately equal to the dimension of the soles of the drumsticks in the direction of movement.
  • Each pestle comprises a vertically disposed profile having a core which is covered on both sides with a lining with a high coefficient of friction; this core is contained on the one hand between two opposite eccentrics driven in rotation of a lifting device and on the other hand between two opposing elements of a braking and retaining device.
  • each pestle is rotated by a gear transmission made from the output shaft of a speed reducer itself coupled in rotation with an electric motor.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide a pounding machine of new design with which the duration of the pounding is significantly reduced; in addition, although the shelling is carried out in a shorter time, the invention has the secondary aim of improving the quality of the shelling, in particular the homogeneity and the density of the shelling.
  • a further object of the invention is to achieve a robust and simple design which reduces the costs of production and maintenance of the pounding machine and which allows complete automation of the pounding operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to equip the machine defined above with a braking and retaining device for the drumsticks which is simpler in its design and more economical in its operation than the known conventional means.
  • the braking device of each pestle has as opposing braking elements two jaws opposite one another which contain between them the core of the profile of said pestle.
  • the eccentrics Since the eccentrics generally rotate at the speed of one revolution per second, there is a difficulty in coordinating with their movements the closing and opening movements of the brake shoes. In addition, it is preferable that the jaws close on the soul of the pestle just when the speed of this upward pestle goes to zero before it begins to descend. For various reasons which depend, among other things, on friction and wear, the eccentrics do not always launch the pestle upwards at an always equal speed. For this reason, the time which elapses after the moment when the eccentrics have ceased to tighten the pestle between them and the moment when the speed ends up canceling out is a variable time.
  • the main object of the invention is achieved by a pounding machine, the total length of which is smaller by the value of a displacement stroke than the length of the pounding box; this machine relates to assembly lines which are substantially equidistant transverse to this pounding box of the successive pestles with their operating members and each having a pounding sole, a first dimension of which is substantially equal to the width of the pounding box and a second dimension of which is a fraction of the distance between the assembly lines of the drumsticks; this machine is equipped with a displacement motor member capable of imposing on it in the direction of the length of the box alternative shelling movements over said displacement stroke, the value of which is determined in relation to the distance which separates the assembly lines from the drumsticks and with the second dimension of the soles.
  • the second dimension of the sole of the drumsticks has a length which is, apart from the clearance, the distance between the assembly lines at the maximum and at least half of this distance.
  • a pounding machine there are several elementary rammers each comprising a frame mounted on wheels extending in transverse direction to the pounding box and bearing on at least one assembly line s' extending in a transverse direction to the ramming box a pestle and its operating drive members; the rammers are coupled to each other and form a pounding train, covering together a length substantially equal to the length of the ramming box with the exception of the displacement stroke, said successive assembly lines being spaced from one line to the next line by a substantially constant distance; the pounding sole of each pestle has a determined length substantially identical on all the pestles; in addition, there is provided on an elementary rammer a point of articulation for a drive member of the pounding train, this member also being attached to a fixed point and being capable of imposing on said pounding train alternating movements in the longitudinal direction of the ramming box along said displacement stroke.
  • each elementary rammer is equipped with several pestles, for example four pestles, and the eccentrics, which are part of these pestles and are located respectively on one side and the other of the profile each pestle, are mounted on a first common shaft and on a second common shaft; these two common shafts are supported by the chassis by means of several bearings and they are joined, one to the other, by means of transmission in rotation, while the chassis of each elementary rammer carries a single motor coupled to a single speed reducer which is itself coupled to only one of the common shafts.
  • the braking and retaining device which is associated with each pestle comprises, as antagonistic elements arranged on one side and the other of the core of the vertical profile of this pestle, two antagonistic rollers of the freewheel type in a direction of rotation corresponding to the rise of the pestle and locking means in the opposite direction, these rollers being each applied, preferably by equal forces, against the opposite faces of the core of the pestle, during the rise of this pestle up to 'to its upper rest position.
  • the two rollers are carried by two levers at a first end thereof and the second opposite end of these levers is subjected to the effect of a clamping member tending to apply the rollers against the core.
  • the second end part of one of the levers is offset parallel to the other lever and the tightening member is an elastic return member; in addition, a jack is coupled between the levers parallel to this elastic member in order to separate the rollers from the core when desired.
  • the pounding consists of four elementary rammers 1 which consequently have a length equal to a quarter of the length of the pounding box after deduction of a pounding stroke as will be explained below.
  • Each elementary rammer 1 has a robust chassis 2 mounted on wheels, preferably bogies 3, which make it possible to circulate it on rails supported above the upper level of the ramming box in the direction of the length of the latter.
  • the frame 1 has, in a known and current manner, a width in the direction transverse to the ramming box which is greater than the width of this box, which makes it possible to install various equipment there.
  • a width in the direction transverse to the ramming box which is greater than the width of this box, which makes it possible to install various equipment there.
  • the chassis 2 supports a platform 4 which is partially broken away in FIG. 1 to reveal the bogies 3.
  • On this platform there are assembly lines 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D represented by dashed lines in the figures. These assembly lines 5A to 5D are parallel and arranged transversely to the length of the ramming box when the elementary rammer 1 is placed above the latter. These lines 5A to 5D are equidistant from each other and separated by a distance E1.
  • a pestle 6, of any suitable type known per se and which it is not necessary to describe.
  • each pestle 6 is of a type in which a vertical section 7 in I is provided at its lower end with a pounding sole (not visible in FIG. 1) which has a first dimension in transverse direction to the shelling box of substantially equal value, slightly lower as usual, to the interior width of the box.
  • the sole In the longitudinal direction of the latter the sole has a second dimension which is, in this particular case, substantially equal to half the distance E1 which separates two successive drumsticks 6.
  • Each vertical section 7 is maneuvered in the vertical direction by two opposite eccentrics 8, 9 which contain between them the core of this section 7.
  • the eccentrics of all the pestles 6 are mounted on a common shaft, respectively 10 for the eccentrics 8, and 11 for the eccentrics 9.
  • These two shafts 10, 11 extend in the longitudinal direction of the ramming box, in parallel with a side and other of the profiles 7. They are supported by several spaced bearings 12A, 12B ... and 13A, 13B ... which are themselves supported by the frame 2.
  • the shaft 10 is coupled in rotation with the output shaft 14 of a speed reducer 15.
  • this output shaft 14 is a hollow shaft into which the common shaft 10 penetrates through its end portion to produce a coupling in rotation.
  • the input shaft 16 of the reducer 15 carries a pulley 17 which is connected by a belt to the pulley 18 of the shaft of a motor 19.
  • the latter can also be installed on the platform 4, or below the latter in the chassis 2.
  • the common shaft 10 and the common shaft 11 are each provided with a toothed wheel 20, 21 respectively. These two wheels are equal and mesh together; thus a single motor 19 drives in synchronism the two common shafts 10, 11 and the set of eccentrics 8, 9 of all the pestles 7 of the elementary rammer 1.
  • this elementary rammer 1 has a length which is approximately a quarter of the length of the ramming box and it is equipped with four pestles 7 spaced apart. There therefore exists, so that the entire length of the box can be covered by the ramming machine, four successive rammers which are coupled to each other so that they can be moved together in the lengthwise direction of the ramming box.
  • Figure 1 shows a first elementary rammer 1 and only part of the second elementary rammer 1 ⁇ ; on this one we find the same organs as on the elementary rammer 1 designated by the same reference numbers with the index ⁇ .
  • a recess 22 with a trapezoidal profile in top view, in a transverse side of the frame 2 of an rammer and a corresponding complementary projection 23 of the same profile on the transverse side of the chassis 2 ⁇ of the elementary rammer 1 ⁇ which follows.
  • the projection 23 engages in the recess 22 and ensures good centering and better securing of the rammers.
  • the latter are securely attached together by known suitable coupling means not shown.
  • the elementary rammers 1, 1 ⁇ coupled to each other, constitute a rammer train which is the machine of the invention.
  • the latter is easily displaceable in its entirety thanks to the bogies 3.
  • a drive member such as a jack, not visible in FIG. 1, is articulated on the one hand on a fixed point external to the ramming machine, on the other hand on one of the elementary rammers, for example on the rammer 1.
  • This member is constructed and controlled, in a known manner, in order to impose on the pounding machine alternative movements of displaces in the longitudinal direction of the ramming box. These back and forth movements take place over a race (distance between the opposite extreme points) which is determined as a function of the distance E1 and of the second dimension of the sole of each pestle.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a pounding machine composed of four elementary rammers 1, 1 ⁇ , 1 ⁇ , 1 ′′′ coupled together on each of which there are four pestles located on four assembly lines 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D. These lines are separated by a distance E1 with a value of 785 mm; the distance E2 between the two successive assembly lines 5D and 5A ⁇ of two elementary rammers which follow one another has a value of 790 mm. A difference of 5 mm is quite tolerable. There is shown in phantom on the elementary rammer 1 ⁇ the sole of two pestles whose second dimension l2 is equal to about half of the distance E1.
  • the total length of the ramming machine is less than the length of the ramming box designated by the letter L (12.630 mm).
  • the difference is due to a clearance ⁇ which is necessary at the two ends and to a distance C which represents the alternative stroke which the drive member can give to the machine, during the operation of the drumsticks, inside the box of shelling.
  • the stroke C is 400 mm, that is to say a little more than half of the distance E1. Consequently, the coal is pounded over the entire length of the pounding box (12,630 mm), with the exception of the end parts which correspond to the clearance ⁇ , following a simple reciprocating movement over a distance C of 400 mm.
  • Automatic control includes for each movement on race C an acceleration phase, a constant speed phase and a deceleration phase.
  • the soles of the drumsticks can have a second dimension which is almost equal, apart from the clearance which must remain between two neighboring soles, at the distance E1.
  • the shelling machine is made with a chassis in one piece of the specified total length
  • the one where it is composed of several rammers coupled elementary it could be motorized to move by itself along the ramming stroke without external displacement cylinder.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 describe the braking and retaining device for each of the drumsticks.
  • This device is not visible in Figure 1. It is mounted above the robust chassis 2, preferably it is installed above a small platform 24 which allows easy access to the parts of this device .
  • This platform 24 is itself supported by vertical uprights (not shown) which bear on the frame 2.
  • each pestle 6 is arranged vertically between two pairs of guide rollers 25,26 spaced vertically.
  • Each roller 28A, 28B is of the type with free wheel in one direction of rotation and with locking means in opposite direction, well known per se. The free rotation takes place during the rise of the pestle.
  • Each roller 28A, 28B is mounted free on a respective shaft 30A, 30B so as to be contained between the wings of the profile 7 and to be able to be pressed against a friction lining 31 which covers each of the faces of the core 27.
  • a set roller 28A-shaft 30A is mounted at a first end which is here the lower end of a lever 32; the latter is pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis 33 supported from the platform 24 and it extends vertically to end in a second end or upper end.
  • the other roller assembly 28B-shaft 30B is similarly mounted at a first end or lower end of a lever 34 also mounted pivoting about a horizontal axis 35 also supported from the platform 24.
  • This lever 34 extends vertically up to 'at a second end or upper end to which a horizontal bar 36 is firmly fixed.
  • the latter is offset relative to the pestle 6 so as not to hinder the latter.
  • the horizontal bar 36 ends in an extreme vertical part 37 which is parallel to the lever 32 opposite the second end of the latter.
  • the distance between the lever 32 and the vertical end portion 37 of the bar 36 is fixed at the value which is suitable for attaching to these two parts a clamping member which is preferably an elastomer return tensioner or a return spring, shown by a dashed line 38.
  • the arrangement which has just been described is equivalent to displacing the second end part of the lever 34 relative to the lever 32 so that the direction of approach of the ends of these levers is the same as the direction of approach rollers 28A, 28B. More precisely, when the elastic return tensioner 38 tends to bring the lever 32 and the vertical end portion 37 closer to the bar 36, it also tends to constantly apply the rollers 28A and 28 B against the friction lining 31 of the core 27 profile 7.
  • a compressed air cylinder 39 is coupled between the lever 32 and the vertical end portion 37 of the bar 36, parallel to the elastic tensioner 38.
  • this jack 39 When this jack 39 is put in extension it separates the lever 32 and the end portion 38 and, thus , it moves the rollers 28A, 28B away from the core 27 by a distance sufficient for these rollers to become inoperative.
  • Stops 40A, 40B are arranged to respectively limit the movement of the lever 32 and of the lever 34 in order to distribute the spacing of the rollers 28A, 28B equally on either side of the core 27.
  • the jack 39 is put into service in the direction of the extension so that the pestle 6 is completely free to move in the vertical direction under the effect of the eccentric cylinders 8,9. At each rotation, during a fraction of a turn, the latter tighten the core 27 of the pestle 6 and propel the latter upwards then let it fall during the rest of the turn to start again immediately.
  • the jack 39 When the shelling is finished and the pestle 6 must be raised to its highest position or rest position, the jack 39 is put to rest; it leaves free the elastic return tensioner 38 which then constantly clamps the rollers 28A, 28B against the core 27. These two rollers 28A, 28B are mounted so as to be free to rotate in the direction of the rise of the pestle 6 as indicated by arrows F in Figure 4 while the cylinders offset 8.9 cause this pestle to go up.
  • the rollers 28A, 28B simply roll against the friction lining 31 and remain constantly in rolling contact with it. The risk of deterioration is eliminated and wear is minimized.
  • the braking action due to the rollers 28A, 28B is automatic and completely independent of the movement of the eccentric cylinders 8, 9; no coordination of movements is necessary.
  • the clamping action of the rollers 28A, 28B against the lining 31 of the core 27, under the effect of the elastic tensioner 38 produces controlled braking which makes it possible to stop the pestle during its fall without brutality.
  • the entire device is simple in its design and construction.
  • the described embodiment is preferred because of its simplicity and its operational safety. It will not depart from the scope of the invention by adopting other equivalent means for controlling the movements of the two rollers 28A, 28Bet the tightening of these rollers against the core 27 of the pestle in order to activate the braking device and of restraint during the rise of the pestle.
  • each of the pestles 6 there are on each of the pestles 6 at least one and preferably several detectable marks 41 to which correspond, on respective supports mounted on the platform 4, detection sensors 42. These sensors 42 are connected to a central monitoring device. In this way it is possible to remotely monitor the proper functioning of each of the pestles and to detect any pestle becoming defective as a result, most often, of the wear of the linings 31 which cover the core 27 of the profile 7.
  • the marks detectable may be plates 41 of stainless steel fixed for example on the outer face of a wing of the section 7 of each pestle 6. These plates 41 are shown only on the two pestles 6 furthest to the left when looking at FIG. 1. It is advantageous to put several plates 41 spaced by a constant pitch in the longitudinal direction of each pestle 6.
  • the sensors 42 for detecting the stainless steel plates 41 are of the non-magnetic type and known in the trade, and do not need to be described; the same is true for the central surveillance apparatus.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
EP87402589A 1986-11-26 1987-11-17 Automatische Maschine zum Feststampfen von Kohlenkuchen zum Verkoken Expired - Lifetime EP0272957B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8616478 1986-11-26
FR8616478A FR2607065B1 (fr) 1986-11-26 1986-11-26 Dispositif de freinage et de retenue des pilons dans une pilonneuse de cokerie
FR8616477 1986-11-26
FR8616477A FR2607064B1 (fr) 1986-11-26 1986-11-26 Machine automatique a pilonner les pains de charbon a cokefier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0272957A1 true EP0272957A1 (de) 1988-06-29
EP0272957B1 EP0272957B1 (de) 1992-05-13

Family

ID=26225604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87402589A Expired - Lifetime EP0272957B1 (de) 1986-11-26 1987-11-17 Automatische Maschine zum Feststampfen von Kohlenkuchen zum Verkoken

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0272957B1 (de)
CN (2) CN1033917C (de)
DE (1) DE3779076D1 (de)
IN (1) IN170405B (de)
PL (1) PL148488B1 (de)
RU (1) RU1831493C (de)
UA (1) UA12329A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU626397B2 (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-07-30 Saarbergwerke Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for continuous stroke monitoring in a tamping process
CN103820136A (zh) * 2014-03-20 2014-05-28 武汉科技大学 用于实验焦炉料样的捣固设备
CN108285796A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2018-07-17 太原市凯特嘉机械有限公司 一种压浮煤机
CN116694342A (zh) * 2023-08-07 2023-09-05 太原市凯特嘉机械有限公司 一种煤粉捣固机以及煤粉捣固方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR354553A (fr) * 1905-05-23 1905-10-07 Nicolas Et Triquet Soc Pilonneuse
FR443761A (fr) * 1912-05-13 1912-10-02 Theodor Frey Dispositif pour soulever et laisser retomber des tiges verticales
FR518411A (fr) * 1919-03-03 1921-05-26 Julius Urbanek Dispositif de levage de marteaux-pilons
FR2228557A1 (en) * 1973-05-08 1974-12-06 Muller Alfred Forge power hammer for ironworks - uses externally selected programme and has descent governing safety feature
FR2234983A1 (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-01-24 Saarbergwerke Ag Coke oven charge compaction system - using sets of reciprocating carriages with free fall stampers
FR2339665A1 (fr) * 1976-01-31 1977-08-26 Saarbergwerke Ag Dispositif pour immobiliser en position soulevee les fouloirs d'un dispositif de foulement d'une cokerie travaillant avec du charbon serre
FR2340363A1 (fr) * 1976-02-03 1977-09-02 Saarbergwerke Ag Procede et dispositif pour compacter du charbon a coke dans un moule a foulement
FR2428667A1 (fr) * 1978-06-16 1980-01-11 Pohlig Heckel Bleichert Dispositif d'agglomeration d'un gateau de charbon destine a l'alimentation d'un four a coke

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN86202094U (zh) * 1986-04-04 1986-11-19 黄荣华 蜂窝煤机用冲针冲头组件

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR354553A (fr) * 1905-05-23 1905-10-07 Nicolas Et Triquet Soc Pilonneuse
FR443761A (fr) * 1912-05-13 1912-10-02 Theodor Frey Dispositif pour soulever et laisser retomber des tiges verticales
FR518411A (fr) * 1919-03-03 1921-05-26 Julius Urbanek Dispositif de levage de marteaux-pilons
FR2228557A1 (en) * 1973-05-08 1974-12-06 Muller Alfred Forge power hammer for ironworks - uses externally selected programme and has descent governing safety feature
FR2234983A1 (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-01-24 Saarbergwerke Ag Coke oven charge compaction system - using sets of reciprocating carriages with free fall stampers
FR2339665A1 (fr) * 1976-01-31 1977-08-26 Saarbergwerke Ag Dispositif pour immobiliser en position soulevee les fouloirs d'un dispositif de foulement d'une cokerie travaillant avec du charbon serre
FR2340363A1 (fr) * 1976-02-03 1977-09-02 Saarbergwerke Ag Procede et dispositif pour compacter du charbon a coke dans un moule a foulement
FR2428667A1 (fr) * 1978-06-16 1980-01-11 Pohlig Heckel Bleichert Dispositif d'agglomeration d'un gateau de charbon destine a l'alimentation d'un four a coke

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU626397B2 (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-07-30 Saarbergwerke Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for continuous stroke monitoring in a tamping process
CN103820136A (zh) * 2014-03-20 2014-05-28 武汉科技大学 用于实验焦炉料样的捣固设备
CN108285796A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2018-07-17 太原市凯特嘉机械有限公司 一种压浮煤机
CN116694342A (zh) * 2023-08-07 2023-09-05 太原市凯特嘉机械有限公司 一种煤粉捣固机以及煤粉捣固方法
CN116694342B (zh) * 2023-08-07 2023-10-03 太原市凯特嘉机械有限公司 一种煤粉捣固机以及煤粉捣固方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1074472A (zh) 1993-07-21
RU1831493C (ru) 1993-07-30
CN1033917C (zh) 1997-01-29
CN87108045A (zh) 1988-06-08
PL148488B1 (en) 1989-10-31
IN170405B (de) 1992-03-21
UA12329A (uk) 1996-12-25
DE3779076D1 (de) 1992-06-17
PL269049A1 (en) 1988-08-18
EP0272957B1 (de) 1992-05-13

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