EP0271636B1 - Florentine blind - Google Patents

Florentine blind Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0271636B1
EP0271636B1 EP87111440A EP87111440A EP0271636B1 EP 0271636 B1 EP0271636 B1 EP 0271636B1 EP 87111440 A EP87111440 A EP 87111440A EP 87111440 A EP87111440 A EP 87111440A EP 0271636 B1 EP0271636 B1 EP 0271636B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drop
arm
awning
pivot
awning according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87111440A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0271636A3 (en
EP0271636A2 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Clauss
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CLAUSS-MARKISEN GMBH & CO.
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Clauss-Markisen & Co GmbH
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Application filed by Clauss-Markisen & Co GmbH filed Critical Clauss-Markisen & Co GmbH
Priority to AT87111440T priority Critical patent/ATE64643T1/en
Publication of EP0271636A2 publication Critical patent/EP0271636A2/en
Publication of EP0271636A3 publication Critical patent/EP0271636A3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F10/00—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
    • E04F10/02—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins
    • E04F10/06—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building
    • E04F10/0611—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building with articulated arms supporting the movable end of the blind for deployment of the blind
    • E04F10/0614—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building with articulated arms supporting the movable end of the blind for deployment of the blind whereby the pivot axis of the articulation is parallel to the roller
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F10/00—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
    • E04F10/02—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins
    • E04F10/06—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building
    • E04F10/0644—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building with mechanisms for unrolling or balancing the blind
    • E04F10/0651—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins comprising a roller-blind with means for holding the end away from a building with mechanisms for unrolling or balancing the blind acting on the arms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an awning, in particular a drop arm awning or awning isolette with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • an awning isolet which has extension arms for stretching the awning fabric, the end of which is adjacent to the wall and is held in pivot bearings which are fastened to the wall.
  • the end of the extension arms that lies away from the wall is fastened with the awning cover or a drop bar that supports the awning cover.
  • the extension arms are square tubes and contain a pretensioning device inside, which serves to pretension the extension arms into a position folded away from the wall in order to tension the awning fabric in the extended position hold.
  • the pretensioning device consists of a helical compression spring which is supported with its wall-side end on a shoulder fastened in the extension arm.
  • the other end of the compression spring is connected via a washer to a pull rod which passes through the compression spring and the shoulder in order to be hooked into a loop located below the pivot axis.
  • the compression spring constantly generates a torque that tends to fold the extension arm away from the wall.
  • the drop arm itself has a constant length, measured between the pivot axis and the drop rod, and consequently does not change its geometry when it is swung out.
  • a marrow isolette is known in which the extension arm is biased towards the unfolded position by a coiled leaf spring.
  • a spring does not run in a disruptive manner above the pivot bearing, but it does require a significant widening of the pivot bearing, since it must have a considerable width in order to generate the necessary force.
  • extension arm consists of two parts which are movable in the longitudinal direction relative to one another and the pretensioning device is arranged kinematically between the two parts.
  • the biasing means acts on the part of the extension arm connected to the extension rod.
  • the torque with which the extension arm is pretensioned in the unfolded position with otherwise the same pretensioning device can be easily increased if a deflection disk having an outer circumferential surface is located on the pivot axis of the pivot bearing, the traction means being wrapped around part of the outer circumferential surface of the deflection disk. At the same time, such a deflection disc prevents strong changes in direction in the traction means, which could possibly lead to premature wear.
  • the deflection plate can sit in the pivot bearing in a rotationally fixed manner and the traction means can be attached to the deflection plate with its fixed end.
  • Compression springs in the form of coil springs or gas springs can be used as preloading means, the latter being characterized by a particularly flat spring characteristic with a small construction volume, i.e. the spring force of gas springs changes only slightly over the entire possible stroke.
  • a gas spring is used as a biasing means, a further simplification of the arrangement can be achieved in that the piston rod of the gas spring forms part of the drop arm.
  • the other part of the extension arm preferably has a tubular section in which the cylinder of the gas spring is accommodated and fastened.
  • the traction means is formed by a metal cable.
  • the swivel bearing for a drop arm does not sit directly on the wall, as in the case of a drop arm awning, but instead on a guide carriage that is longitudinally displaceable in guide rails fixed to the wall.
  • the same design features can also be used in the Markisolette.
  • a drop arm awning 1 is shown in a partially extended state, which is attached in front of a window 2 of a building, not shown. It has a fabric or winding shaft 3 above the window 2, which is mounted in a fixed position horizontally in bearings (not shown) and can also be rotated by drive devices (also not shown) in order to wind an awning fabric 4 onto or from the fabric shaft 3 .
  • the awning fabric 4 is firmly attached to the fabric shaft 3 with its rear edge.
  • a total of two identical extension arms 5 are pivotally mounted in pivot bearings 6 laterally next to the window 2 about horizontal pivot axes 7 aligned with one another. For reasons of perspective, only one of the two drop arms 5 is visible. The other is covered by the awning cloth 4.
  • the two swivel arms 5 are connected to one another at their free end remote from the fixed swivel bearing 6 by a drop bar to which the awning fabric 4 is fastened in the region of its front edge 8.
  • the extension arms 5 consist of two parts 9 and 10 which can be moved telescopically relative to one another, one part 9 of which is an aluminum tube and the other part 10 is the piston rod of a gas spring 11 accommodated in the aluminum tube 9 in a known manner from a cylinder housing 12, into the end pieces 13 and 14 inserted sealed and attached there.
  • the closure pieces 13 and 14 together with the cylinder housing 12 delimit a cylinder space 15 in which the piston rod 10 projects.
  • the lower closure piece 14 contains a coaxial through bore 16, through which the piston rod 10 passes in a sealed manner.
  • a piston 17 is fastened on the inner end of the piston rod 10 and serves as a guide and stop for the piston rod 10.
  • the cylinder chamber 15 is filled with gas under high pressure which tends to drive the piston rod 10 out of the cylinder chamber 15.
  • the gas spring 11 is pushed into the tubular part from the end adjacent to the pivot bearing 6, namely until the lower end face of the gas spring 11 in FIG. 2 is flush with the corresponding end face of the part 9.
  • the cylinder housing 12 is fixed in the longitudinal direction by screws that are no longer visible.
  • the pivot bearing 6 contains a mounting plate 18 which is to be attached with screws 19 and 21 next to the window 2.
  • two bearing flanges 22 and 23 which run at right angles to the pivot axis 7 and through which the pivot axis 7 passes.
  • an elongated, cuboid bearing piece 24 is pivotally mounted on the pivot axis 7, which bifurcates in the direction of the pivot axis 7, as shown, and with its resulting parallel and spaced ends 25 and 26 a deflection plate 27 engages, which also sits on the pivot axis 7.
  • the deflection disk 27 contains a guide groove 28 running along its circumference, through which a traction means in the form of a steel cable 29 runs.
  • the steel cable 29 is anchored at one end above the swivel axis 7 to the swivel bearing 6 by means of a nipple 31 between the fastening plate 18 and the swivel axis 7, while the other end of the steel cable 29 on the part 9 is also attached to the steel cable 29 with the aid of nipples 32 is attached.
  • a ring 33 is fixed on the part 9 in the vicinity of the end adjacent to the pivot bearing 6, which has a radially outwardly opening slot 34, into which the steel cable 29 is suspended.
  • the upper end of the part 9 remote from the gas spring 11 carries a ring piece 35 to which the drop rod is attached.
  • the gas spring 11 under high pressure strives to extend the piston rod 10. Since the part 9 connected to the drop rod, ie the outer part of the drop arm 5, is connected to the pivot bearing 6 via the steel cable 29, this produces a torque which is aimed at pushing the drop arm 5 clockwise from the position shown in FIG. 2 to pivot down. This torque arises because the steel cable 29, which is attached to the part 9, runs around the pivot axis 7 in order to be anchored between the pivot axis 7 and the fastening plate 18, ie the wall, on the pivot bearing 6. The other end of the traction cable is located on the side of the pivot axis 7 remote from the wall.
  • the traction cable 29 is, as it were, wound up against the force of the gas spring 11 on part of the circumference of the deflection plate 27, which gives rise to the moment. If the extension arm shown in FIG. 2 is released at its upper or outer end in order to pivot downwards, the steel cable 29 is wound down from the deflection disk 27, the piston rod 10 simultaneously extending from the gas spring 11, while, conversely, when the extension arm 5 is pivoted up From the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position according to FIG. 2, the steel cable 29 is again placed over a larger circumference on the deflection plate 27, while the piston rod 10 is pushed into the cylinder housing 12.
  • the extension arms 5 When the awning 1 is extended and retracted, the extension arms 5 accordingly lengthen or shorten.
  • drop arm 5 shown in FIG. 2 is not limited to drop arm awnings as shown in FIG. 1, but such drop arms 5 can also be used for example with awning isolates, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the cloth shaft is mounted in a box 36 which is open at the bottom and above the window 2.
  • a box 36 which is open at the bottom and above the window 2.
  • the two guide rails 37 and 38 are provided with a longitudinal slot 39 and have the same longitudinal profiles. They serve for the slidable mounting of the two extension arms 5, which at one end lead through the slots 39 of the guide rails 37, 38 into the interior thereof and are attached at the other end to the drop bar.
  • a deflection roller 41 moves in front of the guide rails 37, 38 and is arranged to run parallel to the drop bar or front edge of the awning fabric 4.
  • the guide rails 37, 38 have the approximately rectangular cross section shown in FIG. 5, which is delimited by two side walls 42, 43 and a front wall 44 containing the slot 39 and a rear wall 45.
  • a guide carriage 46 which is shown in FIG. 4, runs in the interior space delimited thereby.
  • the guide carriage 46 contains an elongated frame piece 47, at the upper and lower ends of which two pairs of guide rollers 47, 48 are rotatably mounted on a common axis at a distance from one another and run in the guide rails 37, 38.
  • the deflection roller 41 In the vicinity of the upper pair of guide rollers 47, 48, the deflection roller 41 rotatably sits on a cantilever 49, while below the cantilever 49, which extends at right angles to the axis of the guide rollers 47, 48, the pivot bearing 6 is mounted.
  • the pivot bearing 6 is designed in the same way as the broken out illustrated arm 5 as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the two extension arms 5 are also pretensioned in the direction of the folded-down position in the case of the marrow isolette 1, the operating mechanism being as described above. It must be ensured that the torque generated by the gas spring 11 in connection with the deflection plate 27 is less than the weight of the guide carriage 46 and the articulated drop arms 5, if the awning is to first go down, before the drop arms 5 swing out. If the reverse order is desired, the torque acting on the dropout arms 5 must be chosen accordingly larger.
  • the steel cable 29 can also be anchored on the deflection plate 27.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Awnings And Sunshades (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)

Abstract

A Florentine blind contains a rotatably mounted driveable cloth shaft, on which can be wound a Florentine cloth fastened to it at the end. Two drop arms (5) mounted pivotably about a pivot axis at one end in wall pivot bearings (6) serve for tensioning the lowered Florentine cloth, and for this purpose they are prestressed in the direction of the swung-down position by means of a prestressing device (11). Each of the drop arms (5) consists of two parts (9, 10) movable relative to one another in the longitudinal direction, the prestressing device (11) being arranged cinematically between these two parts (9, 10), whilst the part (9) of the drop arms (5) which is connected to the drop rod is anchored to the pivot bearing (6) via a tension means (29) guided about the pivot axis (7). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Markise, insbesondere Fallarmmarkise oder Markisolette mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an awning, in particular a drop arm awning or awning isolette with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der US-A-1 980 991 ist eine Markisolette bekannt, die zum Aufspannen des Markisentuches Ausfallarme aufweist, deren der Wand benachbartes Ende in an der Wand befestigten Schwenklagern gehaltert ist. Das von der Wand abliegende Ende der Ausfallarme ist mit dem Markisentuch bzw. einer das Markisentuch unterstützenden Ausfallstange befestigt. Die Ausfallarme sind Vierkantrohre und enthalten im Inneren eine Vorspanneinrichtung, die dazu dient, die Ausfallarme in eine von der Wand weggeklappte Stellung vorzuspannen, um das Markisentuch in der ausgefahrenen Stellung gespannt zu halten. Die Vorspanneinrichtung besteht aus einer schraubenförmigen Druckfeder, die sich mit ihrem wandseitigen Ende auf einer in dem Ausfallarm befestigten Schulter abstützt. Das andere Ende der Druckfeder ist über eine Beilagscheibe mit einer Zugstange verbunden, die durch die Druckfeder und die Schulter hindurchführt, um mit einem Haken in einer unterhalb der Schwenkachse befindlichen Öse eingehängt zu werden. Die Druckfeder erzeugt mit Hilfe der Zugstange ständig ein Drehmoment, das bestrebt ist, den Ausfallarm von der Wand wegzuklappen.From US-A-1 980 991, an awning isolet is known which has extension arms for stretching the awning fabric, the end of which is adjacent to the wall and is held in pivot bearings which are fastened to the wall. The end of the extension arms that lies away from the wall is fastened with the awning cover or a drop bar that supports the awning cover. The extension arms are square tubes and contain a pretensioning device inside, which serves to pretension the extension arms into a position folded away from the wall in order to tension the awning fabric in the extended position hold. The pretensioning device consists of a helical compression spring which is supported with its wall-side end on a shoulder fastened in the extension arm. The other end of the compression spring is connected via a washer to a pull rod which passes through the compression spring and the shoulder in order to be hooked into a loop located below the pivot axis. With the help of the pull rod, the compression spring constantly generates a torque that tends to fold the extension arm away from the wall.

Der Ausfallarm selbst hat eine konstante Länge, gemessen zwischen der Schwenkachse und der Ausfallstange und ändert demzufolge seine Geometrie beim Herausschwenken nicht.The drop arm itself has a constant length, measured between the pivot axis and the drop rod, and consequently does not change its geometry when it is swung out.

Wegen der Anbringung der als Widerlager dienenden Öse unterhalb der Schwenkachse ändert sich beim Wegschwenken des Ausfallarms von der Wand erheblich der Hebelarm, unter dem die Zugstange die von der Feder ausgeübte Kraft einleitet und somit das Drehmoment. Bei vollständig an die Wand geklapptem Ausfallarm ist der Hebelarm verschwindend klein und entsprechend gering das mit Hilfe der Druckfeder erzeugbare Moment.Because of the attachment of the eyelet serving as an abutment below the pivot axis, when the drop arm is pivoted away from the wall, the lever arm under which the pull rod initiates the force exerted by the spring and thus the torque changes significantly. When the extension arm is completely folded against the wall, the lever arm is vanishingly small and the torque that can be generated with the aid of the compression spring is correspondingly low.

Aus der DE-A-33 44 359 ist eine Markisolette bekannt, bei der der Ausfallarm durch eine aufgewickelte Blattfeder in Richtung auf die ausgeklappte Stellung zu vorgespannt ist. Eine solche Feder verläuft zwar nicht störend oberhalb des Schwenklagers, doch bedingt sie eine nennenswerte Verbreiterung des Schwenklagers, da sie, um die notwendige Kraft zu erzeugen, eine erhebliche Breite aufweisen muß.From DE-A-33 44 359 a marrow isolette is known in which the extension arm is biased towards the unfolded position by a coiled leaf spring. Such a spring does not run in a disruptive manner above the pivot bearing, but it does require a significant widening of the pivot bearing, since it must have a considerable width in order to generate the necessary force.

Ausgehend hiervon ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Markise zu schaffen, bei der die Vorspanneinrichtung weder in der hochgeklappten noch in der heruntergeklappten Stellung in störender Weise sichtbar ist und bei der weitgehend unabhängig von der Schwenkstellung des Ausfallarmes das Drehmoment, das den Ausfallarm von der Wand weg vorspannt, nahezu konstant ist.Proceeding from this, it is an object of the invention to provide an awning in which the pretensioning device is neither disturbingly visible in the folded-up nor in the folded-down position, and in the largely independent of the pivoting position of the extension arm the torque that pulls the extension arm from the wall biased away, is almost constant.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Markise mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by an awning having the features of claim 1.

Eine weitere Vereinfachung läßt sich erreichen, wenn der Ausfallarm aus zwei in Längsrichtung gegeneinander beweglichen Teilen besteht und die Vorspanneinrichtung kinematisch zwischen den-beiden Teilen angeordnet ist. In diesem Falle greift das Vorspannmittel an dem mit der Ausfallstange verbundenen Teil des Ausfallarmes an. Dabei werden die Lagerungsverhältnisse besonders einfach, wenn die beiden Teile des Ausfallarmes teleskopartig ineinander verschieblich geführt sind. Der Arm erfährt dann keinerlei Gestaltsänderung in seinem Querschnitt.A further simplification can be achieved if the extension arm consists of two parts which are movable in the longitudinal direction relative to one another and the pretensioning device is arranged kinematically between the two parts. In this case, the biasing means acts on the part of the extension arm connected to the extension rod. The storage conditions are particularly simple when the two parts of the extension arm are telescopically guided. The arm then experiences no change in shape in its cross-section.

Das Drehmoment, mit dem der Ausfallarm bei ansonsten gleicher Vorspanneinrichtung in die ausgeklappte Stellung vorgespannt wird, kann leicht vergrößert werden, wenn auf der Schwenkachse des Schwenklagers eine eine Außenumfangsfläche aufweisende Umlenkscheibe sitzt, wobei das Zugmittel um einen Teil der Außenumfangsfläche der Umlenkscheibe herumgelegt ist. Gleichzeitig verhindert eine solche Umlenkscheibe starke Richtungsänderungen in dem Zugmittel, die eventuell zu einem vorzeitigen Verschleiß führen könnten. Die Umlenkscheibe kann drehfest in dem Schwenklager sitzen und das Zugmittel kann mit seinem ortsfesten Ende an der Umlenkscheibe befestigt sein.The torque with which the extension arm is pretensioned in the unfolded position with otherwise the same pretensioning device can be easily increased if a deflection disk having an outer circumferential surface is located on the pivot axis of the pivot bearing, the traction means being wrapped around part of the outer circumferential surface of the deflection disk. At the same time, such a deflection disc prevents strong changes in direction in the traction means, which could possibly lead to premature wear. The deflection plate can sit in the pivot bearing in a rotationally fixed manner and the traction means can be attached to the deflection plate with its fixed end.

Besonders raumsparende Verhältnisse im Bereich des Schwenklagers entstehen, wenn der dem Schwenklager zugekehrte Teil des Ausfallarmes an einem Lagerstück befestigt ist, das auf der Schwenkachse schwenkbar gehaltert ist und gabelartig die Umlenkscheibe übergreift.Particularly space-saving conditions arise in the area of the swivel bearing if the part of the extension arm facing the swivel bearing is fastened to a bearing piece which is swivel-mounted on the swivel axis and overlaps the deflection plate in a fork-like manner.

Als Vorspannmittel kommen Druckfedern in Gestalt von Schraubenfedern oder Gasfedern in Frage, wobei letztere sich durch eine besonders flache Federkennlinie bei geringem Bauvolumen auszeichnen, d.h. die Federkraft ändert sich bei Gasfedern nur geringfügig über den gesamt möglichen Hub.Compression springs in the form of coil springs or gas springs can be used as preloading means, the latter being characterized by a particularly flat spring characteristic with a small construction volume, i.e. the spring force of gas springs changes only slightly over the entire possible stroke.

Wenn eine Gasfeder als Vorspannmittel verwendet wird, läßt sich eine weitere Vereinfachung der Anordnung dadurch erreichen, daß die Kolbenstange der Gasfeder den einen Teil des Ausfallarmes bildet. Der andere Teil des Ausfallarmes weist bevorzugt einen rohrförmigen Abschnitt auf, in dem der Zylinder der Gasfeder untergebracht und befestigt ist.If a gas spring is used as a biasing means, a further simplification of the arrangement can be achieved in that the piston rod of the gas spring forms part of the drop arm. The other part of the extension arm preferably has a tubular section in which the cylinder of the gas spring is accommodated and fastened.

Das Zugmittel wird im einfachsten Falle von einem Metallseil gebildet.In the simplest case, the traction means is formed by a metal cable.

Im Falle der Ausbildung der Markise als Markisolette sitzt das Schwenklager für einen, wie oben beschriebenen Ausfallarm nicht, wie bei einer Fallarmmarkise, unmittel auf der Wand, sondern stattdessen auf einem Führungsschlitten, der in wandseitig ortsfest angebrachten Führungsschienen längsverschieblich ist. Im übrigen können auch bei der Markisolette dieselben Konstruktionsmerkmale verwendet sein.If the awning is designed as an awning isolet, the swivel bearing for a drop arm, as described above, does not sit directly on the wall, as in the case of a drop arm awning, but instead on a guide carriage that is longitudinally displaceable in guide rails fixed to the wall. For the rest, the same design features can also be used in the Markisolette.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Fallarmmarkise gemäß der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,
Fig. 2
einen der Ausfallarme der Markise nach Fig. 1 im hochgeklappten Zustand in einer verkürzten Darstellung und teilweise geschnitten, unter Veranschaulichung der verwendeten Gasfeder,
Fig. 3
eine Markisolette gemäß der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,
Fig. 4
einen der Führungsschlitten der Markisolette mit dem daran gelagerten Ausfallarm und
Fig. 5
die Führungsschiene zur Führung des Führungsschlittens nach Fig. 4 in einer perspektivischen Ausschnittsdarstellung.
Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a drop arm awning according to the invention in a perspective view,
Fig. 2
1 in the folded state in a shortened view and partially cut away, illustrating the gas spring used,
Fig. 3
a marrow isolette according to the invention in a perspective view,
Fig. 4
one of the guiding slides of the marrow isolette with the drop arm attached to it and
Fig. 5
the guide rail for guiding the guide carriage according to FIG. 4 in a perspective detail view.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Fallarmmarkise 1 in teilweise ausgefahrenem Zustand veranschaulicht, die vor einem Fenster 2 eines nicht weiter gezeigten Gebäudes angebracht ist. Sie weist oberhalb des Fensters 2 eine Tuch- oder Wickelwelle 3 auf, die in nicht weiter dargestellten Lagern ortsfest horizontal gelagert ist und durch ebenfalls nicht veranschaulichte Antriebseinrichtungen in Umdrehungen zu versetzen ist, um ein Markisentuch 4 auf die Tuchwelle 3 auf- oder von dieser abzuwickeln. Das Markisentuch 4 ist zu diesem Zweck mit seiner Hinterkante fest an der Tuchwelle 3 angebracht.In Fig. 1, a drop arm awning 1 is shown in a partially extended state, which is attached in front of a window 2 of a building, not shown. It has a fabric or winding shaft 3 above the window 2, which is mounted in a fixed position horizontally in bearings (not shown) and can also be rotated by drive devices (also not shown) in order to wind an awning fabric 4 onto or from the fabric shaft 3 . For this purpose, the awning fabric 4 is firmly attached to the fabric shaft 3 with its rear edge.

Unterhalb der Wickelwelle 3 sind seitlich neben dem Fenster 2 insgesamt zwei gleiche Ausfallarme 5 in Schwenklagern 6 um miteinander fluchtende horizontale Schwenkachsen 7 schwenkbar gelagert. Aus Gründen der perspektivischen Darstellung ist von den beiden Ausfallarmen 5 lediglich einer sichtbar. Der andere ist durch das Markisentuch 4 abgedeckt.Below the winding shaft 3, a total of two identical extension arms 5 are pivotally mounted in pivot bearings 6 laterally next to the window 2 about horizontal pivot axes 7 aligned with one another. For reasons of perspective, only one of the two drop arms 5 is visible. The other is covered by the awning cloth 4.

Die beiden Schwenkarme 5 sind an ihrem freien, von dem ortsfesten Schwenklager 6 abliegenden Ende durch eine Ausfallstange miteinander verbunden, an der das Markisentuch 4 im Bereich seiner Vorderkante 8 befestigt ist.The two swivel arms 5 are connected to one another at their free end remote from the fixed swivel bearing 6 by a drop bar to which the awning fabric 4 is fastened in the region of its front edge 8.

Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, bestehen die Ausfallarme 5 aus zwei teleskopartig gegeneinander bewegbaren Teilen 9 und 10, von denen der eine Teil 9 ein Aluminiumrohr ist und der andere Teil 10 die Kolbenstange einer in dem Aluminiumrohr 9 untergebrachten Gasfeder 11. Die Gasfeder 11 besteht in bekannter Weise aus einem Zylindergehäuse 12, in das endseitig Verschlußstücke 13 und 14 abgedichtet eingesetzt und dort befestigt sind. Die Verschlußstücke 13 und 14 begrenzen zusammen mit dem Zylindergehäuse 12 einen Zylinderraum 15, in dem die Kolbenstange 10 hineinragt. Zu diesem Zweck enthält das untere Verschlußstück 14 eine koaxiale Durchgangsbohrung 16, durch die hindurch abgedichtet die Kolbenstange 10 hindurchführt. Auf dem innenliegenden Ende der Kolbenstange 10 ist ein Kolben 17 befestigt, der als Führung und Anschlag für die Kolbenstange 10 dient.As shown in FIG. 2, the extension arms 5 consist of two parts 9 and 10 which can be moved telescopically relative to one another, one part 9 of which is an aluminum tube and the other part 10 is the piston rod of a gas spring 11 accommodated in the aluminum tube 9 in a known manner from a cylinder housing 12, into the end pieces 13 and 14 inserted sealed and attached there. The closure pieces 13 and 14 together with the cylinder housing 12 delimit a cylinder space 15 in which the piston rod 10 projects. For this purpose, the lower closure piece 14 contains a coaxial through bore 16, through which the piston rod 10 passes in a sealed manner. A piston 17 is fastened on the inner end of the piston rod 10 and serves as a guide and stop for the piston rod 10.

Der Zylinderraum 15 ist mit unter hohem Druck stehendem Gas gefüllt, das bestrebt ist, die Kolbenstange 10 aus dem Zylinderraum 15 auszutreiben.The cylinder chamber 15 is filled with gas under high pressure which tends to drive the piston rod 10 out of the cylinder chamber 15.

Wie ersichtlich, ist die Gasfeder 11 in den rohrförmigen Teil von dem dem Schwenklager 6 benachbarten Ende her eingeschoben, und zwar so weit, bis die in Fig. 2 untere Stirnseite der Gasfeder 11 mit der entsprechenden Stirnseite des Teiles 9 bündig ist. In diesem Zustand ist das Zylindergehäuse 12 durch nicht weiter sichtbare Schrauben in Längsrichtung fixiert.As can be seen, the gas spring 11 is pushed into the tubular part from the end adjacent to the pivot bearing 6, namely until the lower end face of the gas spring 11 in FIG. 2 is flush with the corresponding end face of the part 9. In this state, the cylinder housing 12 is fixed in the longitudinal direction by screws that are no longer visible.

Das Schwenklager 6 enthält eine Befestigungsplatte 18, die mit Schrauben 19 und 21 neben dem Fenster 2 anzubringen ist.Einstückig mit der Befestigungsplatte 18 sind zwei rechtwinklig zu der Schwenkachse 7 im Abstand voneinander verlaufende Lagerflansche 22 und 23, durch die die Schwenkachse 7 hindurch verläuft. Zwischen den beiden Lagerflanschen 22 und 23 ist auf der Schwenkachse 7 ein längliches, quaderförmiges Lagerstück 24 schwenkbar gelagert, das sich in Richtung auf die Schwenkachse 7, wie gezeigt, gabelt und mit seinen hierdurch entstehenden parallel und mit Abstand verlaufenden Enden 25 und 26 eine Umlenkscheibe 27 übergreift, die ebenfalls auf der Schwenkachse 7 sitzt.The pivot bearing 6 contains a mounting plate 18 which is to be attached with screws 19 and 21 next to the window 2. In one piece with the mounting plate 18 are two bearing flanges 22 and 23 which run at right angles to the pivot axis 7 and through which the pivot axis 7 passes. Between the two bearing flanges 22 and 23, an elongated, cuboid bearing piece 24 is pivotally mounted on the pivot axis 7, which bifurcates in the direction of the pivot axis 7, as shown, and with its resulting parallel and spaced ends 25 and 26 a deflection plate 27 engages, which also sits on the pivot axis 7.

In dem von der Schwenkachse 7 abliegenden Ende des Lagerstückes 24 ist ein zu der Schwenkachse 7 rechtwinklig verlaufendes Innengewinde angebracht, in das die Kolbenstange 10 mit ihrem aus dem Zylindergehäuse 12 hervorschauenden Ende eingeschraubt ist.In the end of the bearing piece 24 remote from the pivot axis 7 there is an internal thread running at right angles to the pivot axis 7, into which the piston rod 10 is screwed with its end protruding from the cylinder housing 12.

Die Umlenkscheibe 27 enthält eine längs ihrem Umfang verlaufende Führungsnut 28, durch die ein Zugmittel in Gestalt eines Stahlseiles 29 läuft. Das Stahlseil 29 ist mit einem Ende oberhalb der Schwenkachse 7 an dem Schwenklager 6 mittels eines Nippels 31 zwischen der Befestigungsplatte 18 und der Schwenkachse 7 verankert, während das andere Ende des Stahlseils 29 an dem Teil 9 ebenfalls mit Hilfe an dem Stahlseil 29 angebrachten Nippels 32 befestigt ist. Auf dem Teil 9 ist zu diesem Zweck in der Nähe des dem Schwenklager 6 benachbarten Ende ein Ring 33 fixiert, der einen radial nach außen sich öffnenden Schlitz 34 aufweist, in den das Stahlseil 29 eingehängt ist.The deflection disk 27 contains a guide groove 28 running along its circumference, through which a traction means in the form of a steel cable 29 runs. The steel cable 29 is anchored at one end above the swivel axis 7 to the swivel bearing 6 by means of a nipple 31 between the fastening plate 18 and the swivel axis 7, while the other end of the steel cable 29 on the part 9 is also attached to the steel cable 29 with the aid of nipples 32 is attached. For this purpose, a ring 33 is fixed on the part 9 in the vicinity of the end adjacent to the pivot bearing 6, which has a radially outwardly opening slot 34, into which the steel cable 29 is suspended.

Das obere von der Gasfeder 11 abliegende Ende des Teils 9 trägt ein Ringstück 35, an dem die Ausfallstange befestigt ist.The upper end of the part 9 remote from the gas spring 11 carries a ring piece 35 to which the drop rod is attached.

Bei dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Aufbau des Ausfallarmes 5 ist die unter hohem Druck stehende Gasfeder 11 bestrebt, die Kolbenstange 10 auszufahren. Da der mit der Ausfallstange verbundene Teil 9, d.h. der äußere Teil des Ausfallarmes 5, mit dem Schwenklager 6 über das Stahlseil 29 verbunden ist, entsteht hierdurch ein Drehmoment, das bestrebt ist, den Ausfallarm 5 aus der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Stellung im Uhrzeigersinne nach unten zu schwenken. Dieses Drehmoment entsteht, weil das Stahlseil 29, das an dem Teil 9 befestigt ist, um die Schwenkachse 7 herum verläuft, um zwischen der Schwenkachse 7 und der Befestigungsplatte 18, d.h. der Wand an dem Schwenklager 6 verankert zu sein. Das andere Ende des Zugseiles befindet sich auf der von der Wand abliegenden Seite der Schwenkachse 7. Das Zugseil 29 wird gleichsam gegen die Kraft der Gasfeder 11 auf einem Teil des Umfangs der Umlenkscheibe 27 aufgewickelt, was das Moment entstehen läßt. Wird der in Fig. 2 gezeigte Ausfallarm an seinem oberen oder äußeren Ende freigegeben, um nach unten zu schwenken, wird das Stahlseil 29 von der Umlenkscheibe 27 heruntergewickelt, wobei gleichzeitig die Kolbenstange 10 aus der Gasfeder 11 ausfährt, während umgekehrt beim Hochschwenken des Ausfallarmes 5 aus der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Stellung in die Stellung nach Fig. 2 das Stahlseil 29 wieder über einen größeren Umfang auf der Umlenkscheibe 27 aufgelegt wird, während die Kolbenstange 10 in das Zylindergehäuse 12 eingeschoben wird.In the construction of the drop arm 5 shown in FIG. 2, the gas spring 11 under high pressure strives to extend the piston rod 10. Since the part 9 connected to the drop rod, ie the outer part of the drop arm 5, is connected to the pivot bearing 6 via the steel cable 29, this produces a torque which is aimed at pushing the drop arm 5 clockwise from the position shown in FIG. 2 to pivot down. This torque arises because the steel cable 29, which is attached to the part 9, runs around the pivot axis 7 in order to be anchored between the pivot axis 7 and the fastening plate 18, ie the wall, on the pivot bearing 6. The other end of the traction cable is located on the side of the pivot axis 7 remote from the wall. The traction cable 29 is, as it were, wound up against the force of the gas spring 11 on part of the circumference of the deflection plate 27, which gives rise to the moment. If the extension arm shown in FIG. 2 is released at its upper or outer end in order to pivot downwards, the steel cable 29 is wound down from the deflection disk 27, the piston rod 10 simultaneously extending from the gas spring 11, while, conversely, when the extension arm 5 is pivoted up From the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position according to FIG. 2, the steel cable 29 is again placed over a larger circumference on the deflection plate 27, while the piston rod 10 is pushed into the cylinder housing 12.

Beim Ein- und Ausfahren der Markise 1 tritt entsprechend eine Verlängerung oder Verkürzung der Ausfallarme 5 auf.When the awning 1 is extended and retracted, the extension arms 5 accordingly lengthen or shorten.

Die Anwendung des in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausfallarmes 5 ist nicht auf Fallarmmarkisen, wie sie in Fig. 1 gezeigt sind, beschränkt, sondern es können solche Ausfallarme 5 auch beispielsweise bei Markisoletten angewandt werden, wie dies Fig. 3 zeigt.The use of the drop arm 5 shown in FIG. 2 is not limited to drop arm awnings as shown in FIG. 1, but such drop arms 5 can also be used for example with awning isolates, as shown in FIG. 3.

Die Tuchwelle ist dabei in einem nach unten offenen Kasten 36 oberhalb des Fensters 2 ortsfest gelagert. Unterhalb des Markisenkastens 36 sind auf der Wand des Gebäudes neben dem Fenster 2 zwei Führungsschienen 37 und 38 parallel und im Abstand zueinander vertikal verlaufend besfestigt. Die beiden Führungsschienen 37 und 38 sind mit einem Längsschlitz 39 versehen und haben untereinander gleiche Längsprofile. Sie dienen der verschieblichen Lagerung der beiden Ausfallarme 5, die einenends durch die Schlitze 39 der Führungsschienen 37, 38 in deren Innenraum führen und anderenends an der Fallstange angebracht sind.The cloth shaft is mounted in a box 36 which is open at the bottom and above the window 2. Below the awning box 36 there are two guide rails 37 on the wall of the building next to the window 2 and 38 fastened parallel and vertically at a distance from one another. The two guide rails 37 and 38 are provided with a longitudinal slot 39 and have the same longitudinal profiles. They serve for the slidable mounting of the two extension arms 5, which at one end lead through the slots 39 of the guide rails 37, 38 into the interior thereof and are attached at the other end to the drop bar.

Gemeinsam mit den Ausfallarmen 5 bewegt sich vor den Führungsschienen 37, 38 eine Umlenkrolle 41, die parallel zu der Ausfallstange bzw. Vorderkante des Markisentuches 4 verlaufend angeordnet ist.Together with the drop arms 5, a deflection roller 41 moves in front of the guide rails 37, 38 and is arranged to run parallel to the drop bar or front edge of the awning fabric 4.

Die Führungsschienen 37, 38 haben den in Fig. 5 gezeigten, etwa rechteckigen Querschnitt, der von zwei Seitenwänden 42, 43 sowie einer den Schlitz 39 enthaltenden Vorderwand 44 und einer Rückwand 45 begrenzt ist.The guide rails 37, 38 have the approximately rectangular cross section shown in FIG. 5, which is delimited by two side walls 42, 43 and a front wall 44 containing the slot 39 and a rear wall 45.

In dem hierdurch begrenzten Innenraum läuft ein Führungsschlitten 46, der in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist. Der Führungsschlitten 46 enthält ein längliches Rahmenstück 47, an dessen oberem und unterem Ende auf einer gemeinsamen Achse mit Abstand voneinander zwei Paare von Führungsrollen 47, 48 drehbar gelagert sind, die in den Führungsschienen 37, 38 laufen. In der Nähe des oberen Paares von Führungsrollen 47, 48 sitzt auf einem Ausleger 49 drehbar die Umlenkrolle 41, während unterhalb des Auslegers 49, der sich rechtwinklig zu der Achse der Führungsrollen 47, 48 erstreckt, das Schwenklager 6 angebracht ist. Das Schwenklager 6 ist ebenso wie der abgebrochen veranschaulichte Ausfallarm 5 in der gleichen Weise ausgebildet wie dies Fig. 2 zeigt.A guide carriage 46, which is shown in FIG. 4, runs in the interior space delimited thereby. The guide carriage 46 contains an elongated frame piece 47, at the upper and lower ends of which two pairs of guide rollers 47, 48 are rotatably mounted on a common axis at a distance from one another and run in the guide rails 37, 38. In the vicinity of the upper pair of guide rollers 47, 48, the deflection roller 41 rotatably sits on a cantilever 49, while below the cantilever 49, which extends at right angles to the axis of the guide rollers 47, 48, the pivot bearing 6 is mounted. The pivot bearing 6 is designed in the same way as the broken out illustrated arm 5 as shown in Fig. 2.

Die demzufolge wiederkehrenden Bauteile sind in Fig. 4 mit demselben Bezugszeichen versehen und nicht erneut beschrieben.The components that are consequently recurring are provided with the same reference numerals in FIG. 4 and are not described again.

Infolge der Gasfeder 11 werden auch bei der Markisolette 1 die beiden Ausfallarme 5 in Richtung auf die abgeklappte Stellung zu vorgespannt, wobei der Wirkmechanismus wie oben beschrieben ist. Dabei muß darauf geachtet werden, daß das von der Gasfeder 11 in Verbindung mit der Umlenkscheibe 27 erzeugte Moment kleiner ist als das Gewicht der Führungsschlitten 46 sowie der daran angelenkten Ausfallarme 5, wenn die Markise zunächst nach unten fahren soll, ehe die Ausfallarme 5 ausschwenken. Wenn die umgekehrte Reihenfolge gewünscht ist, muß das auf die Ausfallarme 5 wirkende Drehmoment entsprechend größer gewählt werden.As a result of the gas spring 11, the two extension arms 5 are also pretensioned in the direction of the folded-down position in the case of the marrow isolette 1, the operating mechanism being as described above. It must be ensured that the torque generated by the gas spring 11 in connection with the deflection plate 27 is less than the weight of the guide carriage 46 and the articulated drop arms 5, if the awning is to first go down, before the drop arms 5 swing out. If the reverse order is desired, the torque acting on the dropout arms 5 must be chosen accordingly larger.

Wenn die Umlenkscheibe 27 drehfest auf der Schwenkachse 7 sitzt, kann das Stahlseil 29 auch an der Umlenkscheibe 27 verankert sein.If the deflection plate 27 is seated in a rotationally fixed manner on the pivot axis 7, the steel cable 29 can also be anchored on the deflection plate 27.

Claims (12)

  1. An awning (1), more particularly a drop-arm awning, small awning or the like, having: a rotatably mounted drivable cloth shaft (3) on which an awning cloth (4) attached thereto at the end can be wound; two drop-arms (5) which are mounted at one end to pivot in wall side pivot bearings (6) around a pivot axle (7) and carry at the other end a drop-rod to which the awning cloth (4) is attached by its other end; and a biassing device (11) which is associated with at least one drop-arm (5) and extends parallel with the particular drop-arm (5) and is attached by one end to the drop-arm (5), while the other end (12) is anchored to the pivot bearing (6), to bias the particular drop-arm (5) into a position hinged away from a wall,
    characterized in that the drop-arm (5) consists of two portions (9, 10) which can move towards one another in the longitudinal direction and the biassing device (11) is disposed kinematically between said two portions (9, 10), and the portion of the drop-arm (5) connected to the drop-rod is anchored via a pulling means (29) to the pivot bearing, the point (34) of engagement of the force of the pulling means (29) being situated on the portion (9) connected to the drop-rod on the side of the pivot axle (7) remote from the wall.
  2. An awning according to claim 1, characterized in that a portion (10) of the drop-arm (5) is telescopically guided longitudinally slidably in the other portion.
  3. An awning according to claim 1, characterized in that a deflecting pulley (27) having an external peripheral surface is disposed on the pivot axle (7) of the pivot bearing (6), and the pulling means (29) extends around a portion of the external periphery of the deflecting pulley (27).
  4. An awning according to claim 3, characterized in that the deflecting pulley (27) is disposed non-rotatably in the pivot bearing, and the pulling means (29) is attached by its fixed end (31) to the deflecting pulley (27).
  5. An awning according to claim 3, characterized in that the portion (10) of the drop-arm (5) adjacent the pivot bearing (6) is attached to a bearing member (24) which is pivotably retained on the pivot axle (7) and straddles fork-like the deflecting pulley (27).
  6. An awning according to claim 1, characterized in that the biassing means is a compression spring (11).
  7. An awning according to claim 1, characterized in that the prestressing means is a gas spring (11) having a pressure medium cylinder (12) and a piston rod (10) extending sealed at the end out of the pressure medium cylinder (12).
  8. An awning according to claim 7, characterized in that the piston rod (10) or the cylinder (12) of the gas spring (11) forms one portion of the drop-arm (5), the other portion (9) of the drop-arm (5) being connected to the other portion (12) of the gas spring (11).
  9. An awning according to claim 6, characterized in that the portion (9) of the drop-arm (5) connected to the drop-rod has a tubular portion which is adjacent the pivot axle (6) and in which the compression spring (11) is disposed coaxially with the drop-arm (5), the compression spring biassing the other telescopically guided portion (10) of the drop-arm (5) in the direction of the extended position.
  10. An awning according to claim 8, characterized in that the portion (9) of the drop-arm (5) connected to the drop-rod is constructed tubular at its end adjacent the pivot bearing (6), and the gas spring (11) is inserted in the tubular portion (9), its piston rod (10) forming the portion of the drop-arm mounted on the pivot bearing (6).
  11. An awning according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulling means is a cable (29).
  12. An awning according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that its two pivot bearings (6) are attached to guide slides (46) which are guided longitudinally slidably in guide rails (37, 38) disposed fixed on the wall side.
EP87111440A 1986-12-16 1987-08-07 Florentine blind Expired - Lifetime EP0271636B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87111440T ATE64643T1 (en) 1986-12-16 1987-08-07 AWNING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863642873 DE3642873A1 (en) 1986-12-16 1986-12-16 AWNING
DE3642873 1986-12-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0271636A2 EP0271636A2 (en) 1988-06-22
EP0271636A3 EP0271636A3 (en) 1988-09-28
EP0271636B1 true EP0271636B1 (en) 1991-06-19

Family

ID=6316262

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87111440A Expired - Lifetime EP0271636B1 (en) 1986-12-16 1987-08-07 Florentine blind

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0271636B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE64643T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3642873A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19544894C1 (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-03-13 Erwin Frey Awning with spring-loaded slewing arm
ES2316203B1 (en) * 2005-07-04 2009-12-30 Producciones Mitjavila, S.A. DEVICE FOR TENSING THE FABRIC OF A FOLDING.
ES2351497B1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2011-09-30 Antonio Díaz-Maroto Checa INVISIBLE ARM WITH GAS SPRING.
ITPD20130035A1 (en) * 2013-02-13 2014-08-14 Gibus S R L AWNING CURTAIN

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1476464A (en) * 1921-08-30 1923-12-04 Poulsen Eiler Combined window shade and awning
US1897029A (en) * 1930-09-02 1933-02-14 Topeka Tent & Awning Company Lateral arm awning construction
US1980991A (en) * 1931-12-18 1934-11-20 Gronbech Hans Peter Awning construction
US1915529A (en) * 1932-10-12 1933-06-27 Astrup Company Folding awning arms
FR2115739A5 (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-07-07 Lauzier Rene
DE2212893C2 (en) * 1972-03-17 1973-09-13 Fa. Justin Hueppe, 2900 Oldenburg Awning with telescopic arms
DE2629479A1 (en) * 1975-12-08 1977-06-16 Perma System Ab ARRANGEMENT ON THE AWNING ARM
NL7609204A (en) * 1976-08-19 1978-02-21 Madopron Bv SUNSHADE.
DE3047895A1 (en) * 1980-12-19 1982-07-15 Clauss Markisen, 7311 Bissingen Wall mounted sunblind awning - has length adjustable lowered drop arms locked by mechanism engaging drop rod
FR2519062A1 (en) * 1981-12-28 1983-07-01 Lauzier Sa Tensioner for roller blind - comprises two folding arms which are biassed by internal springs
DE3324170A1 (en) * 1983-07-05 1985-01-17 Merkel GmbH & Co., 8523 Baiersdorf Awning with drop-out arms
DE3508918A1 (en) * 1985-03-13 1986-09-25 Manfred 7437 Westerheim Clauss Sunshade apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE64643T1 (en) 1991-07-15
DE3770923D1 (en) 1991-07-25
EP0271636A3 (en) 1988-09-28
DE3642873A1 (en) 1988-06-30
EP0271636A2 (en) 1988-06-22

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