EP0267855B1 - Matratze mit Entlüftungsöffnungen - Google Patents

Matratze mit Entlüftungsöffnungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0267855B1
EP0267855B1 EP87402563A EP87402563A EP0267855B1 EP 0267855 B1 EP0267855 B1 EP 0267855B1 EP 87402563 A EP87402563 A EP 87402563A EP 87402563 A EP87402563 A EP 87402563A EP 0267855 B1 EP0267855 B1 EP 0267855B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mattress
grooves
cells
depth
lower face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87402563A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0267855A2 (de
EP0267855A3 (en
Inventor
Alain Boselli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dunlop France SA
Original Assignee
Dunlop France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dunlop France SA filed Critical Dunlop France SA
Priority to AT87402563T priority Critical patent/ATE93371T1/de
Publication of EP0267855A2 publication Critical patent/EP0267855A2/de
Publication of EP0267855A3 publication Critical patent/EP0267855A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0267855B1 publication Critical patent/EP0267855B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
    • A47C27/14—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with foamed material inlays
    • A47C27/142—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with foamed material inlays with projections, depressions or cavities
    • A47C27/146—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with foamed material inlays with projections, depressions or cavities on the outside surface of the mattress or cushion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C21/00—Attachments for beds, e.g. sheet holders, bed-cover holders; Ventilating, cooling or heating means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses
    • A47C21/04—Devices for ventilating, cooling or heating
    • A47C21/042—Devices for ventilating, cooling or heating for ventilating or cooling
    • A47C21/046—Devices for ventilating, cooling or heating for ventilating or cooling without active means, e.g. with openings or heat conductors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mattress according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a mattress is generally covered with a cover. It can be a mattress equipping a bed or a sofa, but also a mattress of smaller dimensions equipping a chair or a pillow.
  • document FR-A-2 207 418 relates to a mattress having cells at two ends, and grooves at the other places.
  • a first problem which the invention aims to solve is to provide a mattress according to the preamble of claim 1, the rigidity of which is increased. Another problem is to provide a mattress suitable for a box spring having several juxtaposed slats: in this case, the risk, consisting in that the slats block at least certain cells or grooves, must be avoided.
  • the grooves of the mattress extend in a zigzag in the two end regions of the mattress, and in an arc in an intermediate region situated between these two end regions.
  • Figures 1 to 5 a polyurethane foam mattress in one piece, which has the shape of a rectangular plate of longitudinal axis 1 and transverse axis 2, having a face lower 3 intended to bear on a bed base and an upper face 4 intended to support the body of an elongated person, these faces being respectively delimited by an edge 5, 6.
  • the lower face 3 carries sixteen substantially transverse grooves and spaced substantially equidistant from each other, which all lead to the edge 5 of this face.
  • the mattress has a central region bordered by two end regions.
  • the central region comprises eight identical grooves 10 to 80 in the form of an arc, distributed symmetrically with respect to the transverse axis 2, each groove having its convexity turned towards the transverse axis.
  • each arc-shaped groove decreases slightly from the longitudinal axis 1 towards the edge 5 of the mattress.
  • a cell (11, 12) (21, 22) ... (81, 82) of oval shape is arranged in line with the corresponding groove 10, 20, .... 80, at each end of the groove and at a short distance from the edge 5 of the mattress. This cell locally doubles the width of the groove. There are therefore a total of sixteen cells in line with the various arc-shaped grooves.
  • each arc-shaped groove 10 to 80 and each cell (11,12) to (81,82) has the shape of a V and has a rounded bottom.
  • the depth of the arc-shaped groove 10 is constant over its entire length, with the exception of the ends where it is appreciably greater (that is to say more than three times greater) at the level of the cell. (11,12) to (81,82), as appears in Figure 3 where the cell 11 is visible. Then, between the cell 11 and the edge 5 of the underside 3 of the mattress, the groove 10 has a sectional shape of a ramp 13, 14 thanks to which its depth gradually decreases up to zero towards the edge 5. In the absence of such ramps 13, 14, the mattress once dressed with a cover would have dex unsightly hollows in the vicinity of the edge 5 of the mattress. It also appears from FIG. 3 that all the arcuate grooves, such as 10, 20, 30, 40, have the same depth with respect to each other, since these grooves are identical.
  • each of these cells is connected to the edge 5 by a groove in the form of a ramp identical to the ramp 13 visible in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the two end regions of the mattress each have four grooves 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150, 160, 170, 180.
  • Each groove zigzag across the mattress in six segments .
  • To the right of each segment is a cell.
  • the zigzag groove 110 comprises six cells 111 to 116
  • the zigzag groove 160 comprises six cells 161 to 166.
  • These cells are, seen in plan only, identical in shape and in dimensions to the cells relating to the arc-shaped grooves.
  • the cells 111 to 116 of the same zigzag groove 110 are connected two by two by a portion of groove 117 whose width is equal to approximately half that of the cells. Finally, the two cells 111, 114 adjacent to the edge 5 of the mattress are connected to the latter by a portion of groove 118 in the form of a ramp identical to the ramp 13 visible in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • All the zigzag grooves are, seen in plan only, identical to each other, those 110, 120, 130, 140 of a first end region being symmetrical with those 150, 160, 170, 180 of the second end region , relative to the transverse axis 2 of the mattress.
  • the two zigzag grooves 140, 180, adjacent respectively to the two arc-shaped grooves 10, 50 have in common with the last two cells.
  • the two cells 144 and 141 of the zigzag groove 140 constitute the two cells 12, 11 of the arc-shaped groove 10.
  • each zigzag groove is arranged as shown on the right-hand side of FIG. 3, where one half of the zigzag groove 140 is visible and extends from the edge 5 of the mattress to the median longitudinal plane 7 of the mattress.
  • the depth of the zigzag groove, at the groove portions 117 is equal to the half that of the arcuate grooves 10 to 80.
  • the depth of the cell 141 near the edge 5 of the mattress is equal to seven times the depth of the groove portions 117, while the depth of the two cells 142 and 143 is only five times the depth of the groove portions 117.
  • the other half of the zigzag groove 140 is symmetrical to that described above with respect to the median longitudinal plane 7 of the mattress.
  • the groove portions 117 all have the same depth whatever the zigzag groove considered.
  • the cell 124 adjacent to the edge 5 has a depth equal to that of the cell 141, or equal to seven times the depth of the groove portions 117.
  • the cell 125 has a depth equal to six times that of the groove portions 117 and the cell 136 a depth of between five and six times that of the groove portions 117. Dashed lines highlight the differences in depth of the cells.
  • the cells such as 141 the most distant from the longitudinal axis 1 of the mattress and located in the vicinity of the edge 5 of the mattress have a depth greater than that of the other cells such as 142, 143 located closer to the longitudinal axis 1. It will however be noted that the depth of the cells 142 and 143 is the same, although they are at a different distance from the longitudinal axis 1.
  • the cells such as 143,136,125 which are not the most distant from the longitudinal axis 1, however, have increasing depths insofar as they are located at increasing distances from the transverse axis 2 of the mattress.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the evolution of the depth of the cells of the different zigzag grooves, along the longitudinal axis 1 of the mattress. This figure is symmetrical with respect to the median transverse plane 8 of the mattress. On the left-hand side of FIG. 2, the cells 146, 136, 126 and 116 follow one another in different section planes; they belong respectively to the zigzag grooves 140, 130, 120 and 110.
  • the transverse plane 8 - since these cells are located at increasing distances from the transverse axis 2 - here the transverse plane 8 - and since they are not peripheral cells, with the exception of cell 116, their depth is increasing.
  • the depths of the cells 146, 136, 126 and 116 are respectively a little less than five times, a little more than five times, six times and seven times the depth of the groove portions 117.
  • the width of the different grooves preferably varies between 10 and 60 mm, in the present case between 20 and 40 mm, the mattress having a width of 900 mm.
  • the cells preferably have a length between 80 and 160 mm, in the present case a length of 120 mm, and a width preferably between 30 and 90 mm, in the present case a width of 60 mm.
  • the depth of the grooves is preferably between 5 and 40 mm for a mattress thickness equal to 130 mm; in this case this depth varies between 15 and 30 mm.
  • the depth of the cells will preferably be between 50 and 110 mm; in the present case, it varies between 70 and 100 mm.
  • the dimensions of the cavities will be chosen according to those of the mattress and the weight it is intended to support.
  • the dimensions and the shape of the cavities vary over the extent of the mattress to take account of the forces which will be applied locally, and which themselves vary on the extent of the mattress.
  • a person is stretched out on the mattress, he places a heavy load on the mattress in its central region supporting the weight of the trunk and buttocks, while he places much less stress on the mattress in the end regions which only support the weight of head or legs.
  • the depth of the cavities is a determining parameter since it fixes the thickness of the mattress correspondingly to the right of these cavities.
  • an area of the mattress will be all the more capable of supporting a weight as its thickness will be significant and will thus allow significant compression of the mattress.
  • the variations in depth of the cavities - that is to say the variations in thickness of the mattress - are linked to the distribution of the weight of the body on the mattress.
  • the central region only has cavities - in this case grooves - whose depth is small compared to the thickness of the mattress, while at the periphery of the mattress the proportions are reversed.
  • the depth of the groove portions 117 (FIG. 3) was chosen to be small to promote the flow of the material during molding. Indeed, the mold will have several bumps corresponding to the different cells, which will oppose, by their height, the distribution of the material, but it will also have several ribs of low height corresponding to the different groove portions, which will not oppose only very slightly to the distribution of matter.
  • a deep cavity in the mattress cannot extend continuously over a great length.
  • the arcuate grooves 10 to 80 ( Figures 1 and 2) can extend continuously, since they have a shallow depth.
  • the dimensions and shapes of the cavities also respond to other concerns. First of all, make sure that the cavities are not blocked by the box spring.
  • the bed bases that can be envisaged are those comprising a mesh, a stretched fabric, or even rigid slats arranged in parallel and spaced from one another, or other bed bases do not have a continuous and impermeable surface which would plug the cavities.
  • the mattress shown in the figures was designed in particular for a slatted base.
  • three slats 201 to 203 have been shown.
  • the arc-shaped grooves such as 50 and the zigzag grooves such as 180 each extend, in the direction of the longitudinal axis 1 of the mattress, over a distance determined according to the standard dimensions of commercial slats, included in a known range of dimensions, and as a function of the spacing between these slats.
  • the arc-shaped groove 50 has several zones opening into the open air.
  • each cell of the zigzag groove 180 has at least one zone opening into the open air.
  • the different orientation of two adjacent cells 181, 182 of the same zigzag groove 180 makes it possible to reinforce the rigidity of the mattress, more precisely to avoid buckling of the side wall 210 of the mattress ( Figures 2 and 3) .
  • the symmetry of the entire mattress with respect to its longitudinal 1 and transverse 2 axes likewise contributes to strengthening the rigidity of the mattress.
  • the upper face 4 of the mattress also carries cavities. These are parallel grooves 300 which extend across the mat spaced apart. Each groove 300 has a uniform width and depth; it ends at a certain distance from the edge 6 of the upper face 4. Each groove 300 has, in section, the shape of a V.
  • the width and depth of the grooves are very small.
  • the width is preferably between 8 and 16 mm, and in this case equal to 12 mm.
  • the depth is preferably between 3 and 9 mm, and in this case equal to 6 mm.
  • the double mattress is intended to receive two people. It has a longitudinal axis 401 and a transverse axis 402. On either side of the longitudinal axis 401 are provided two identical patterns of cavities 500, 600, similar to the pattern in FIG. 1.
  • Each pattern therefore comprises respectively eight grooves 510, 610 in the form of an arc in a central region, and four zigzag grooves 520, 620 in two end regions.
  • the connection between the two patterns 500 and 600 is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the cell 521 of the zigzag groove 520 joins the median longitudinal plane 403 of the mattress, by a ramp 522.
  • the cell 621 of the groove in zigzag 620 joins this plane by a ramp 622.
  • This compact median zone 404 produces an isolation between the two parts 500, 600 of the double mattress, in the sense that the movements of a person on the part 500 will be little felt by the person being on the part 600.
  • the median zone 404 contributes also to oppose the buckling of the side wall of the double mattress.
  • the upper surface of the double mattress has two patterns similar to that of FIG. 4.
  • the cavities of the mattress according to the invention do not weaken it, but on the contrary strengthen it. Indeed, the external surface of the mattress is increased by each of the cavities. However, this outer surface carries a molding "skin" whose rigidity is greater than the material constituting the core of the mattress.
  • the mattress shown in the figures achieves an advantageous compromise.
  • the mechanical behavior of the foam and ignoring the presence of moisture it is when the foam is the most massive that it has the best performance and even that its mechanical characteristics are best preserved in the time.
  • the material constituting the mattress may have a density and a hardness - or lift - variable along the mattress.
  • the central region devoid of cells - or core of the mattress - will have a higher density than the peripheral regions provided with cells, so that it is even more massive.
  • this central region will have a lower hardness than the peripheral regions: it is indeed desirable that the feeling of suppleness of the mattress is felt especially in the central region to adapt to the body.
  • a density of 48 kg / m3 and a hardness according to standard NF.T. 56110 of 35 g / cm2 were chosen for the central region, while a density of 40 kg / m3 and a hardness of 40 g / cm2 were chosen for the peripheral regions.
  • the density may vary between 35 and 70 kg / m3, and the hardness between 20 and 80 g / cm2.
  • All the characteristics of the present invention apply particularly well to mattresses fitted to a bed, and having the standard dimensions of the bedding (width between 0.7 m and 1.60 m, and length between 1.90 m and 2 m).

Landscapes

  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Rechteckige Matratze mit einer Lage aus weichem Material, einer Unterseite (3), mit der die Matratze sich auf einem Bettgestell abstützen kann, und mit einer Oberseite (4), die zur Aufnahme des Körpers einer Person bestimmt ist, wobei jede Seite von einem Rand (5, 6) begrenzt ist und die Unterseite (3) eine Vielzahl von Waben (111 bis 116) aufweist, die sich über einen großen Teil der Dicke der Matratze erstrecken, und zahlreiche Rinnen (110 bis 180, 10 bis 80), die sich in einen geringen Teil dieser Dicke erstrecken, wobei die genannten Waben in den genannten Rinnen derart angeordnet sind, daß sie lokal deren Tiefe vergrößern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das besagte Material ein expandierbarer, plastischer Schaumstoff ist, daß die besagte Unterseite eine Zentralregion aufweist und eine Randregion, die die Zentralregion umgibt und sich ganz entlang des Randes (5) der Unterseite erstreckt, wobei die Waben (111 bis 116) ausschließlich im besagten Randbereich angeordnet sind und die Rinnen (110 bis 180) in zwei äußeren Regionen der Matratze zickzackförmig und in einer zwischen diesen äußeren Regionen befindlichen mittleren Region entlang eines Bogens (10 bis 80) verlaufen.
  2. Matratze nach Anspruch 1, wobei jede Rinne (110 bis 180, 10 bis 80) zwei Enden (13, 14) aufweist, über die sie in den Rand (5) der Unterseite (3) der Matratze übergeht.
  3. Matratze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die Rinnen (110 bis 180, 10 bis 80) quer zu ihr verlaufen.
  4. Matratze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Tiefe der Rinnen (110 bis 180, 10 bis 80) im wesentlichen konstant ist, während die Tiefe der Waben (116, 126, 136, 146) um so größer ist, je weiter die Waben von der Mittellängsachse und der Mittelquerachse der Matratze entfernt sind.
  5. Matratze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Aufnahme von zwei nebeneinanderliegenden Personen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Mittelzone (404) aufweist, in der die Tiefe der Rinnen reduziert ist.
  6. Matratze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Oberseite (4) eine Vielzahl von Rinnen (300) aufweist, deren Tiefe deutlich geringer ist als die der Rinnen an der Unterseite.
  7. Matratze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Matratze bildende Material eine höhere Dichte aber eine geringere Härte in der besagten Zentralregion der Matratze aufweist als in ihren Randregionen.
EP87402563A 1986-11-13 1987-11-13 Matratze mit Entlüftungsöffnungen Expired - Lifetime EP0267855B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87402563T ATE93371T1 (de) 1986-11-13 1987-11-13 Matratze mit entlueftungsoeffnungen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8615732A FR2606619B1 (fr) 1986-11-13 1986-11-13 Matelas pourvu de cavites d'aeration
FR8615732 1987-11-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0267855A2 EP0267855A2 (de) 1988-05-18
EP0267855A3 EP0267855A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0267855B1 true EP0267855B1 (de) 1993-08-25

Family

ID=9340741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87402563A Expired - Lifetime EP0267855B1 (de) 1986-11-13 1987-11-13 Matratze mit Entlüftungsöffnungen

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4796316A (de)
EP (1) EP0267855B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63220811A (de)
AR (1) AR244057A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE93371T1 (de)
AU (1) AU589878B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8706118A (de)
CA (1) CA1315025C (de)
DE (2) DE267855T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2017907T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2606619B1 (de)
GR (1) GR900300178T1 (de)

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US4998308A (en) * 1990-02-14 1991-03-12 Frank Farago Seclusion room bed
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GB2412062B (en) * 2004-03-19 2007-07-18 Sprog Ltd Mattress
US20050210595A1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Di Stasio Anthony A Mattress having reticulated viscoelastic foam
JP4671185B2 (ja) * 2004-07-23 2011-04-13 北陸化成株式会社 マットレス
US20130000045A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2013-01-03 Massimo Losio Support apparatus with gel layer
US7631941B2 (en) 2006-03-15 2009-12-15 Chang James L Apparatus for supporting a person and method of forming thereof
US7484811B2 (en) * 2006-03-15 2009-02-03 Chang James L Apparatus for supporting a person and method of forming thereof
US8261558B2 (en) * 2009-06-25 2012-09-11 Nomaco Inc. Self-adjusting insulation, including insulation particularly suited for pipe or duct
US20110072587A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2011-03-31 Nomaco Inc. Foam cushion having reduced cross-section area foam profiles forming hollow portion(s) for deformation
USD688492S1 (en) 2010-03-03 2013-08-27 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD693148S1 (en) 2010-03-03 2013-11-12 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD693145S1 (en) 2010-03-03 2013-11-12 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD693144S1 (en) 2010-03-03 2013-11-12 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD694553S1 (en) 2010-03-03 2013-12-03 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
AT510609B1 (de) * 2010-10-25 2012-08-15 Eurofoam Gmbh Matratze
CA2834617A1 (en) 2011-04-29 2012-12-27 Nomaco Inc. Unitary composite/hybrid cushioning structures(s) and profile(s) comprised of a thermoplastic foam(s) and a thermoset material(s) and related methods
WO2013049570A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Nomaco Inc. Cellular mattress assemblies and related methods
USD691400S1 (en) 2012-02-10 2013-10-15 Nomaco Inc. Stackable base for mattress assembly
USD694552S1 (en) 2012-04-27 2013-12-03 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD692693S1 (en) 2012-04-27 2013-11-05 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD693147S1 (en) 2012-04-27 2013-11-12 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD693149S1 (en) 2012-04-27 2013-11-12 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD693146S1 (en) 2012-04-27 2013-11-12 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
US9157566B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2015-10-13 Nomaco Inc. Insulation systems employing expansion features to insulate elongated containers subject to extreme temperature fluctuations, and related components and methods
USD697337S1 (en) 2012-07-03 2014-01-14 Nomaco, Inc. Stackable base for mattress assembly
USD690536S1 (en) 2012-07-26 2013-10-01 Nomaco Inc. Motion isolation insulator pad
USD688069S1 (en) 2012-09-28 2013-08-20 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD694041S1 (en) 2012-09-28 2013-11-26 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD692694S1 (en) 2012-09-28 2013-11-05 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD707467S1 (en) 2012-11-09 2014-06-24 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
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USD707468S1 (en) 2012-11-09 2014-06-24 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
USD701713S1 (en) 2012-11-09 2014-04-01 Noel Group, Llc Mattress bed cushion
US9131781B2 (en) 2012-12-27 2015-09-15 Select Comfort Corporation Distribution pad for a temperature control system
WO2014176400A1 (en) 2013-04-26 2014-10-30 Noel Group Llc Cushioning assemblies with thermoplastic elements encapsulated in thermoset providing customizable support and airflow, and related methods
USD704962S1 (en) 2013-09-09 2014-05-20 Noel Group Llc Mattress bed cushion
US10548419B2 (en) * 2016-02-11 2020-02-04 Bedgear, Llc Air multiplier pad
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8112087A (en) 1988-05-19
ES2017907A4 (es) 1991-03-16
BR8706118A (pt) 1988-06-21
DE267855T1 (de) 1991-02-28
GR900300178T1 (en) 1991-09-27
EP0267855A2 (de) 1988-05-18
JPS63220811A (ja) 1988-09-14
DE3787149T2 (de) 1994-01-05
ES2017907T3 (es) 1993-12-16
AR244057A1 (es) 1993-10-29
ATE93371T1 (de) 1993-09-15
FR2606619B1 (fr) 1990-04-20
FR2606619A1 (fr) 1988-05-20
EP0267855A3 (en) 1989-03-15
AU589878B2 (en) 1989-10-19
CA1315025C (fr) 1993-03-23
US4796316A (en) 1989-01-10
DE3787149D1 (de) 1993-09-30

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