EP0257268B1 - Mandrin contractable pour fils textiles - Google Patents

Mandrin contractable pour fils textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257268B1
EP0257268B1 EP87110105A EP87110105A EP0257268B1 EP 0257268 B1 EP0257268 B1 EP 0257268B1 EP 87110105 A EP87110105 A EP 87110105A EP 87110105 A EP87110105 A EP 87110105A EP 0257268 B1 EP0257268 B1 EP 0257268B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
generated surface
sleeve
axial
apertures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87110105A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0257268A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl A. Zapf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hn Zapf KG
Original Assignee
Hn Zapf KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hn Zapf KG filed Critical Hn Zapf KG
Priority to AT87110105T priority Critical patent/ATE62208T1/de
Publication of EP0257268A1 publication Critical patent/EP0257268A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0257268B1 publication Critical patent/EP0257268B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/04—Carriers or supports for textile materials to be treated
    • D06B23/042—Perforated supports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axially deformable textile sleeve according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a textile sleeve is known from DE-A-2 062 520.
  • the web-shaped jacket sections which laterally delimit the radial openings consist of two oppositely curved sections and a straight section which connects the two curved sections and runs obliquely to the axis of the sleeve.
  • the radial openings are given the shape of a surface consisting of four triangles lined up.
  • the radial openings are considerably wider than the web-shaped jacket sections delimiting them on the sides. If this textile sleeve is pressed axially, the bent sections of the webs are bent further until finally the corners between the bent sections and the straight section come to rest on the opposite, circumferential intermediate rings.
  • the webs are in contact with the intermediate rings, a further axial shortening of the sleeve cannot be ruled out, because the webs can be deformed further, for example by making them even flatter be pressed. Particularly under the influence of heat, the webs can be deformed even further and the sleeve can thus be further shortened axially, even after they are in contact with the intermediate rings. The deformation of the webs can even go so far that they break at the particularly stressed points between the curved sections and the straight section.
  • the known textile sleeve When the webs come into contact with the intermediate rings, the known textile sleeve does not behave like a rigid body, which does not permit a further shortening of the sleeve in the axial direction at the axial pressures and temperatures that occur in practice. A limitation of the axial deformation of the previously known textile sleeve by the webs resting against the intermediate rings is therefore not guaranteed.
  • AT-C-277 131 relates to an axially deformable textile sleeve with breakthrough webs that are much narrower than the breakthroughs.
  • the webs are shaped so that sections of each web approach each other when the sleeve is axially pressed. The web sections of one web therefore do not approach the sections of another web, but the web sections of each individual web approach each other.
  • this known textile sleeve it is not provided that the axial shortening of the sleeve should be limited when a size occurring in practice is reached. Rather, this known textile sleeve is about making it kink-resistant with great axial deformability.
  • the object of the invention is to design the generic textile sleeve so that the deformation of the sleeve generated by axial pressure is reliably limited, can be precisely determined in advance and is essentially independent of temperature, with sufficient passage of liquor and air being ensured even in the state of the deformation and the danger of pinching the thread reserve does not occur.
  • the textile sleeve according to the invention has the advantage that, even with increasing axial pressure and with increasing temperatures, the sleeve does not shorten further axially when the web-shaped jacket sections come into contact with one another.
  • Another advantage of the sleeve according to the invention is that the maximum shortening of the sleeve can be easily determined in advance by the choice of the dimensions of the web-shaped jacket sections and the radial openings and the number of rows of radial openings, which is further favored by the fact that a Deformation of the sleeve under axial pressure only occurs in the area of the web-shaped jacket sections.
  • the sleeve according to the invention also has the advantage that the shortening of the sleeve does not bring about any radial deformation of the jacket, so that the desired loosening of the winding occurs when the sleeve is pressed axially.
  • a plurality of annular, solid jacket sections arranged next to one another in the axial direction and running in the circumferential direction are provided, and each row of radial openings is arranged between two ring-shaped solid jacket sections, which protrude beyond the radially outer boundary surface of the web-shaped jacket sections in the radial direction.
  • the passage of liquor and air through the sleeve casing can only be improved if two circumferential massive casing sections are provided between two adjacent rows of radial breakthroughs, which are axially spaced apart by a circumferential ring-shaped casing section, the is not deformable, has perforations that cannot be changed in shape, and the two adjacent annular jacket sections also protrude in the radial direction over its radially outer boundary surface.
  • the axial shortening of the sleeve is reduced by the use of non-deformable jacket sections, because the number of rows of radial openings is reduced for a given sleeve length.
  • the contact surface of the thread or yarn on the jacket of the sleeve can be further reduced if the jacket sections projecting in the radial direction taper in cross section in the radial direction and are narrower than their axial distance in the axial direction.
  • the projecting jacket sections have essentially the same axial distance from one another.
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably in a range from approximately 20 to 50 °.
  • the mutually engageable surface sections of in each case two adjacent web-shaped jacket sections can be kept as small as possible and in the radial direction as far inward as possible from the radially outer boundary surface of the web-shaped jacket sections can be arranged away.
  • a thread section of an inner winding layer resting on the outer boundary surface of the web-shaped jacket sections can then also be loosened Condition almost never get between the mutually engageable surface sections of the web-shaped jacket sections.
  • each web-shaped jacket section on at least one side pointing in the circumferential direction, at least in the region between the ends of the openings spaced in the longitudinal direction of the radial openings has at least one projection which projects into an adjacent opening and which has one with at least one component has in the circumferential direction facing outer surface section which can be brought into contact with the opposite surface section of the adjacent web-shaped jacket section to limit the axial shortening of the sleeve by the deformation of the web-shaped jacket sections and is located radially within the radially outer boundary surface of the web-shaped jacket sections.
  • each projection is preferably formed by chamfering a radially outer boundary edge of the respective radial opening.
  • the web-shaped casing sections can alternately have an outer boundary surface lying radially further outside and a radially further inner lying in the circumferential direction.
  • a major advantage of the textile sleeve according to the invention compared to previously known textile sleeves is that it can be used for wet and heat treatment without rewinding.
  • the textile sleeve shown in FIG. 1 has an essentially cylindrical shape and has in its jacket a plurality of rows of radial openings 1 arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction and distributed over the circumference, which are spaced apart from one another by massive jacket sections 2.
  • the breakthroughs 1 are slit-shaped and have longitudinal axes running in the same direction, which enclose an angle ⁇ with a circumferential circumferential line, which is in the range between 20 and 50 ° and is approximately 30 ° in the example shown.
  • the slot-shaped openings 1 of each row are so close together in the circumferential direction that they are with their overlap ends spaced in the longitudinal direction of the openings.
  • the solid jacket sections 2 remaining between the radial openings have the shape of narrow webs.
  • the web-shaped jacket sections 2 deform in the direction of arrow P acting axial pressure on the sleeve in such a way that they bend in the circumferential and axial directions, whereby they are in the area between the in the longitudinal direction Breakthroughs approach the mutually spaced ends of the breakthroughs 1 and finally come into contact with one another, but the ends of the slot-shaped breakthroughs 1 remain open.
  • the web-shaped jacket sections 2 are in contact with one another in the area between the longitudinally spaced ends of the radial openings 1, further deformation of the web-shaped jacket sections 2 is no longer possible, as a result of which the axial shortening of the sleeve due to the applied axial pressure is also ended.
  • Axial pressure on the sleeve only leads to a deformation of the web-shaped jacket sections 2, and the remaining jacket sections of the sleeve remain undeformed.
  • the axial shortening of the sleeve resulting from the deformation of the jacket sections 2 is limited by the mutual abutment of the web-shaped jacket sections 2. Since the ends of the radial openings 1 remain open even in the deformed state of the web-shaped jacket sections 2, the passage of liquor during the wet treatment and air during the subsequent heat treatment is not hindered.
  • the maximum axial shortening of the textile sleeve according to the invention can be determined in advance by appropriate selection of the dimensions of the web-shaped jacket sections 2 and the radial openings 1 and the number of radial openings 1.
  • the openings 1 and the web-shaped jacket sections 2 have approximately the same width and correspond approximately to the thickness of the web-shaped jacket sections Sleeve casing at this point.
  • the textile sleeve according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a plurality of annular massive jacket sections 3 which are arranged next to one another in the axial direction and extend in the circumferential direction and which protrude beyond the radially outer boundary surface of the web-shaped jacket sections 2 in the radial direction.
  • Each row of radial openings 1 is arranged between two ring-shaped solid jacket sections 3.
  • the ring-shaped solid jacket sections 3 are substantially narrower in the axial direction than the axial distance between two adjacent jacket sections 3, the axial distance being unchanged over the length of the sleeve.
  • the jacket sections 3 have a cross section which tapers outwards in the radial direction. Its radially outer boundary surface serves to support the radial inside of a yarn or thread wrap that the textile sleeve according to the invention wears in use.
  • the sleeve casing alternately has a number of radial openings 1 and a circumferential cylindrical solid casing section 4, the outer radial boundary surface of which has the same outer diameter as the radially outer boundary surface of the web-shaped casing sections 2.
  • the cylindrical jacket sections 4 are each arranged between two annular jacket sections 3, which they protrude outward in the radial direction.
  • the cylindrical jacket sections 4 have a large number of perforations 5, which have a circular shape in the example shown.
  • the cylindrical jacket sections 4 do not deform when the sleeve is subjected to an axial pressure. As a result, the shape of the perforations 5 remains unchanged with axial pressure.
  • liquor or air can pass freely through the perforations 5 in the axially deformed state of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve in FIG. 1 At the right end of the sleeve in FIG. 1, it has a solid, annular jacket section 6 in the form of a groove, which cannot be deformed under axial pressure and serves to receive the thread reserve. It can be perforated similar to the jacket sections 4.
  • the jacket section 6 serving as a thread reserve groove is adjoined on the outside by an annular jacket section 7 which is larger in outside diameter and is not perforated and also cannot be deformed.
  • the inner surface of the sleeve according to the invention is cylindrical and, with the exception of one end, which is shown on the left in the drawing, is continuously smooth with a constant diameter.
  • the sleeve has a cylindrical section 8 which is reduced in outer and inner diameter and which is not perforated and also not deformable.
  • a plurality of sleeves can be connected to one another for arrangement on a mandrel or spear in that the cylindrical section 8, which has a reduced outer and inner diameter, is detachably inserted at one end of one sleeve into the other end of another sleeve.
  • an outer smooth cylindrical solid jacket section 9 Between the jacket section 8 and the adjacent breakthrough 1 jacket section is an outer smooth cylindrical solid jacket section 9, the radially outer boundary surface of which projects beyond the radially outer boundary surface of the jacket section 8 and the breakthrough 1 jacket section.
  • the jacket section 9 is also not perforated and non-deformable.
  • An annular surface formed between the jacket sections 8 and 9 serves as a stop for the end face of the jacket section 7 of another sleeve when the two sleeves are inserted into one another.
  • the axial shortening of the textile sleeve according to the invention as a result of an axial pressing for space-saving arrangement in a dyeing container or a drying apparatus is of the extent of the deformation of the web-shaped Jacket sections 2 dependent.
  • the dimensions of the web-shaped jacket sections 2 and the radial openings 1 and the number of rows of radial openings l can of course also be chosen so that for a specific axial pressure on the sleeve and under certain temperature conditions, the web-shaped jacket sections 2 only deform to the extent that they are in the The region between the ends of the radial openings 1, which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, do not lie against one another, but still have a distance between them.
  • a further axial shortening of the sleeve is consequently possible, but this is limited at the top by the mutual abutment of the web-shaped jacket sections 4.
  • the axial shortening of the sleeve can thus be selected within a clearly limited range depending on the axial pressure and the temperature to which the sleeve is exposed in use.
  • the textile sleeve according to the invention consists of polypropylene and is produced by injection molding.
  • the textile sleeve according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 differs from the textile sleeve shown in Fig. 1 only in that it has a corresponding number of rows of radial openings 10 instead of the solid jacket sections 4, which except for their orientation in the arrangement in the Dimensions and the number of radial openings 1 match.
  • the alternating arrangement of radial openings 1 and 10 in successive rows, which is changed by 180 °, prevents relative rotation of the two ends of the sleeve to one another, since the rotations taking place in the individual rows of radial openings cancel each other out.
  • the sleeve shown in Fig. 1 could of course also be modified so that the radial openings of successive rows are alternately inclined by an angle ⁇ and an angle ⁇ to a circumferential surface line.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of part of a modified form of the textile sleeve shown in FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale.
  • the modification is that the radially outer circumferential boundary edge of each radial opening 1, 10 is chamfered inwards. This results in a protrusion 11 projecting into the respective opening, which has an outer surface section 12, each with a component pointing in the circumferential and axial directions, which is limited by the deformation of the web-shaped jacket sections 2 with the opposite surface section 12 of the projection 11 of the adjacent web-shaped jacket section 2 the axial shortening of the sleeve can be brought into contact.
  • the surface section 12 of the respective projection 11 lies radially within the radially outer boundary surface of the web-shaped jacket sections 2.
  • FIG. 7 Another modification of the sleeve shown in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 7. It consists in the fact that the web-shaped jacket sections 2 alternately have a radially outer boundary surface 13 and a radially further inner boundary surface 14 in the circumferential direction.
  • the radially outer boundary edge of the respective radial opening 1, 10, as in the modified form shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, is chamfered inwards. This further reduces the likelihood that a thread section resting on the web-shaped jacket sections 2 will be clamped between the projections 11 in the loosened state when these are brought into abutment.
  • the web-shaped jacket sections 2 each have a projection pointing in the circumferential direction, which comes into contact with the deformation of the web-shaped jacket sections resulting from axial pressure on the sleeve with an oppositely directed projection of an adjacent web-shaped jacket section, as a result of which the axial shortening of the sleeve is limited. All other web-shaped jacket sections that do not have such a projection then do not come into contact with one another.
  • the web-shaped jacket sections having such a projection are evenly distributed over the circumference. For example, in each row there are 4 evenly spaced pairs of web-shaped jacket sections each having a projection. In the axial direction, all of the web-shaped jacket sections having a projection lie next to one another.
  • the axial shortening of the sleeve is smaller than in the sleeve shown in FIG. 2, which has no such projections.
  • the openings 1 can also have straight ends in the circumferential direction, the latter shape of the ends being easier to manufacture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Tube textile déformable axialement, qui possède dans son enveloppe au moins une série d'ouvertures radiales (1, 10), allongées, distribuées sur la périphérie et disposées côte á côte en direction périphérique, et qui sont séparées les unes des autres, en direction périphérique, par des sections d'enveloppe massives en forme de barettes se chevauchant à leurs extrémités, écartées en direction longitudinale, des ouvertures (1, 10) , et ont des axes longitudinaux de même direction qui sont inclinés d'un angle α par rapport à une ligne s'étendant en direction périphérique sur l'enveloppe du tube, les sections d'enveloppe massives (2) pouvant, par pression axiale exercée sur l'enveloppe, en se déformant en directions axiale et périphérique, venir en contact des surfaces limitant les ouvertures dans la zone comprise entre les extrémités des ouvertures écartées en direction longitudinale, en laissant ouvertes ces extrémités, l'enveloppe se raccourcissant en direction axiale du fait de la déformation des sections d'enveloppe massives et le raccourcissement axial de l'enveloppe étant déterminé par la déformation des sections d'enveloppe massives caractérisé par le fait que les ouvertures radiales (1, 10) ont à peu près la même largeur que les sections d'enveloppe massives (2) et chaque fois deux sections d'enveloppe massives (2) voisines en direction périphérique peuvent être amenées en contact mutuel, de telle sorte que les sections d'enveloppe (2) se trouvant en contact ne sont pas déformables davantage par une pression axiale.
  2. Tube textile déformable axialement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que sont prévues plusieurs sections d'enveloppe massives annulaires (3) s'étendant en direction périphérique et disposées les unes â côté des autres en direction axiale, et chaque série d'ouvertures radiales (1, 10) est disposée entre deux sections d'enveloppe massives annulaires (3) qui font saillie en direction radiale sur la surface limitant radialement vers l'extérieur les sections d'enveloppe en forme de barettes (2).
  3. Tube textile déformable axialement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'entre deux séries voisines d'ouvertures radiales (1) sont prévues, chaque fois, deux sections d'enveloppe massives annulaires (3) s'étendant en direction périphérique, qui sont séparées l'une de l'autre en direction axiale par une section d'enveloppe (4) en forme de bande annulaire s'étendant en direction périphérique, qui n'est pas déformable, possède des perforations (5) de forme invariable et sur la surface limite radialement externe, de laquelle font saillie les deux sections d'enveloppe annulaires voisines (3).
  4. Tube textile déformable axialement selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait que les sections d'enveloppe (3) faisant saillie en direction radiale ont une section qui va en diminuant vers l'extérieur en direction radiale et ont en direction axiale une dimension plus petite que leur écartement axial.
  5. Tube textile déformable axialement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les sections d'enveloppe saillantes (3) sont écartées axialement l'une de l'autre de sensiblement la même distance.
  6. Tube textile déformable axialement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les axes longitudinaux des ouvertures (1) d'une série sur deux sont inclinées d'un même angle α par rapport à la ligne d'enveloppe s'étendant en direction périphérique et les axes longitudinaux des ouvertures (10) des autres séries sont inclinés d'un même angle β = 180 degrés - α par rapport à la ligne d'enveloppe.
  7. Tube textile déformable axialement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'angle α est compris entre 20 et 50 degrés.
  8. Tube textile déformable axialement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que chaque section d'enveloppe en forme de barette (2), sur au moins un côté faisant face en direction périphérique, au moins dans la zone comprise entre les extrémités, séparées en direction longitudinale, des ouvertures radiales (1, 10), présente au moins un ressaut (11) faisant saillie dans une ouverture adjacente (1, 10) et qui présente une portion de surface (12) extérieure faisant face en direction périphérique par au moins une composante, et qui, par la déformation de la section d'enveloppe en forme de barette (2), peut être amenée en contact, pour limiter le raccourcissement axial de l'enveloppe, avec une portion de surface lui faisant face de la section d'enveloppe (2), en forme de barette, voisine, et qui se trouve radialement à l'intérieur de la surface limite, radialement extérieure, de la section d'enveloppe en forme de barette (2).
  9. Tube textile déformable axialement selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que chaque ressaut (11) est formé par chanfreinage d'une arête limite, radialement extérieure, de l'ouverture radiale (1, 10) respective.
  10. Tube textile déformable axialement selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé par le fait que les sections d'enveloppe en forme de barettes (2) ont, en direction périphérique, alternativement, une surface limite (13, 14) située radialement plus à l'extérieur et une surface limite externe située radialement plus à l'intérieur.
EP87110105A 1986-08-29 1987-07-13 Mandrin contractable pour fils textiles Expired - Lifetime EP0257268B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87110105T ATE62208T1 (de) 1986-08-29 1987-07-13 Axial verformbare textilhuelse.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863629401 DE3629401A1 (de) 1986-08-29 1986-08-29 Axial verformbare textilhuelse
DE3629401 1986-08-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0257268A1 EP0257268A1 (fr) 1988-03-02
EP0257268B1 true EP0257268B1 (fr) 1991-04-03

Family

ID=6308459

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87110105A Expired - Lifetime EP0257268B1 (fr) 1986-08-29 1987-07-13 Mandrin contractable pour fils textiles

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0257268B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE62208T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3629401A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT404720B (de) * 1988-01-23 1999-02-25 Becker Josef Verfahren und färbehülse zum gleichmässigen verdichten von garn
IT8885596A0 (it) * 1988-06-16 1988-06-16 Nuova Saccardo Coop Produttori Bobina elastica per tintoria a ritiro predeterminato
DE3844006A1 (de) * 1988-12-27 1990-07-05 Adolff Emil Plastic Gmbh Pressfaerbehuelse
IT1227805B (it) * 1988-12-28 1991-05-07 Tubettificio Europa Spa Supporto tubolare per impacchi di filato, per tintoria
IT220939Z2 (it) * 1990-03-15 1993-12-16 Mariplast Spa Tubetto per rocche di tintura con parete ad anelli ravvicinati e collegamenti inclinati e deformabili a flessione.
IT231705Y1 (it) * 1993-08-20 1999-08-06 Tiziano Romagnoli Tubetto in materiale plastico per formare bobine di filato destinate alla tintoria ed altro, suscettibile di riduzione di dimensioni.
EP1240375B1 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2004-05-12 Jos. Zimmermann GmbH & Co. KG Bobinot en matiere plastique pour l'enroulement d'un fil

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1435502A1 (de) * 1963-11-22 1968-11-14 Jungbecker Josef Huelse aus Kunststoff zum Schrumpfen von insbesondere synthetischen Faeden und Garnen
DE1635084C3 (de) * 1966-11-10 1974-01-17 Gerhard 5600 Wuppertalcronenberg Tigges Wickelträger zur Behandlung von Fäden oder Garnen
JPS4821130Y1 (fr) * 1969-12-25 1973-06-20
DE2408949A1 (de) * 1974-02-25 1975-09-25 Aachener Huelsenfabrik Axial federnd zusammendrueckbarer wickeltraeger
DE2506512C3 (de) * 1975-02-15 1978-09-21 Adalbert 7850 Loerrach Engel Textilhulse
DE2631793C3 (de) * 1976-07-15 1978-12-14 Adalbert 7850 Loerrach Engel Textilhülse
US4181274A (en) * 1976-10-22 1980-01-01 Burchette Robert L Jr Dye tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0257268A1 (fr) 1988-03-02
DE3629401A1 (de) 1988-03-10
DE3629401C2 (fr) 1990-09-13
ATE62208T1 (de) 1991-04-15
DE3769034D1 (de) 1991-05-08

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