EP0254321B1 - Poêle pour combustibles solides - Google Patents

Poêle pour combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0254321B1
EP0254321B1 EP87110732A EP87110732A EP0254321B1 EP 0254321 B1 EP0254321 B1 EP 0254321B1 EP 87110732 A EP87110732 A EP 87110732A EP 87110732 A EP87110732 A EP 87110732A EP 0254321 B1 EP0254321 B1 EP 0254321B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heater according
channels
stove
lining
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87110732A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0254321A2 (fr
EP0254321A3 (en
Inventor
Hermann Hofmann
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT87110732T priority Critical patent/ATE69099T1/de
Publication of EP0254321A2 publication Critical patent/EP0254321A2/fr
Publication of EP0254321A3 publication Critical patent/EP0254321A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0254321B1 publication Critical patent/EP0254321B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/04—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves the air or gas passing downwards through the bottom of the stove of fire grate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oven with air or water cooling, in particular single oven, tiled stove, fireplace or boiler, heated tiled stove, fireplace, for the combustion of solid fuels.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a furnace for the combustion of solid fuels, in which both the solid fuels and the resulting carbonization gases burn completely such as is the case with liquid and gaseous fuels.
  • the invention is based on an oven with air or water cooling, in particular a single oven, tiled stove, basic tiled stove, fireplace or boiler, heated tiled stove, fireplace, for burning solid materials, consisting of a combustion chamber with a lining made of high-temperature resistant material low thermal conductivity, an uncooled or cooled grate and ducts (flue gas flues) that connect an ash fall chamber with a flue gas collector in the upper part of the stove, the flue gases through the chimney draft, with or without a flue gas discharge fan, through the ember bed into the ash fall chamber and through it the channels and the flue gas collector flow into the chimney.
  • a combustion chamber with a lining made of high-temperature resistant material low thermal conductivity
  • an uncooled or cooled grate and ducts flue gas flues
  • the invention is that the flue gas collector above the Channels is located, the lining of the combustion chamber is flushed directly by the flue gases in such a way that no cooling takes place, the channels are arranged on at least three sides of the combustion chamber and the lower inlet openings of the channels are lower than the lower edge of the grate.
  • the channels in the lining ensure that the combustion chamber is heated further from the outside and that the combustion takes place at very high temperatures. These temperatures are around 1000 to 1300 ° C and are higher than in normal ovens.
  • the stove 1 can be, for example, a single stove or a heating insert for a tiled stove, basic tiled stove or fireplace.
  • the furnace 1 has a combustion chamber with the side walls 11 and a load-bearing insert 12 which is inserted into the ash fall chamber 16 and on which the grate 13 is placed.
  • the side walls 11 of the combustion chamber above the grate 13 are provided with a lining 14, which consists of a high-temperature-resistant material with low thermal conductivity. It is of great advantage if the high-temperature resistant material with low thermal conductivity, from which the lining 14 is made, is at the same time a material with high heat storage capacity. This has the advantage that the heat emission of the furnace is compensated for and takes place continuously, so that only very slight temperature fluctuations occur in the furnace 1. Molded parts made of fireclay, for example, can be used for this as a common refractory furnace material.
  • the liner 14 is also placed on the insert 12.
  • the liner 14 is covered at the top by a plate 141.
  • the plate 141 can be made of the same material like the lining 14, but it can also be a metal plate.
  • In the lining 14 there are channels 15 which connect the ash fall chamber 16 to a flue gas collector 17 in the upper part of the furnace, which in turn is connected to a chimney via a flue gas nozzle 18.
  • a furnace 1 with a combustion chamber which has a rectangular cross section in the horizontal section according to FIG.
  • the rectangular cross-section of the combustion chamber is the most common cross-sectional shape.
  • a round cross-sectional shape for example in the form of a standing cylinder, is also possible.
  • any cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber is possible which has vertical side walls 11 in which the channels 15 run. This also applies to all ovens 2, 3 and 4 and boiler 5 and basic tile oven 6 described below.
  • the channels 15 lie in the surface of the liner 14 and preferably have a rectangular cross section with rounded corners, three channel walls 151, 152, 153 being formed from the material of the liner 14 and the fourth channel wall 111 from the side wall 11.
  • the channels 15 can also be round on the inside.
  • the flue gases come into direct contact with the side wall 11 and can give off the heat to the side wall 11 here.
  • the flue gases enter through the ember bed 131 lying on the grate 13 into the ash fall chamber 16, through the channels 15 into the flue gas collector 17 and then into the chimney.
  • the lateral limitation of the ember bed by the lining 14 made of high temperature resistant material with low thermal conductivity initially causes the combustion of the solid fuels to take place at a high temperature.
  • the passage of the flue gases through the ember bed 131 and the highly heated channels 15 results in afterburning of those gaseous carbonization gases which have not yet been completely burned, both in the ember bed 131 and in the ash fall chamber 16 and in the channels 15. As a result, this leads to very clean soot-free and soot-free combustion.
  • a flap 161 can be used to supply secondary air to the ash fall chamber 16, as a result of which both the combustion residues in the ember bed 131 and the afterburning in the ash fall chamber 15 and the channels 15 can be regulated. It is understood that, if the chimney draft is not sufficient or if a higher draft is desired, a flue gas extraction fan, not shown in the drawings, can be switched on between the flue gas connector 18 and the chimney.
  • a flap 142 is provided in the cover plate 141 for heating the furnace 1. If a flammable heating material has caught fire on the grate 13, the flap 142 is closed. In the heating phase, furnace 1 works as a burn-through furnace.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show an oven 2 in which the invention shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 has been further developed by an additional lining 22 of the ash fall chamber 26.
  • the lining 22 consists of shaped blocks made of high-temperature resistant material with low thermal conductivity, in which there are rectangular deflection channels 221.
  • This lining of the ash fall chamber 26 prevents the flue gases from cooling down in the ash fall chamber 26 after they have passed through the ember bed 231. They then also enter the deflection channels 221 and from there into the channels 25 at a higher temperature than is the case with the furnace 1 according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. As a result, the afterburning is again better and the heat losses in the ash fall chamber 26 are lower.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show a furnace 3 with a further development of the invention according to the previous figures. While in the furnaces 1 and 2 the ember bed is on grates 13 and 23, in the furnace 3 the grate is replaced by a base plate 33 made of high temperature resistant material with low thermal conductivity. This provides thermal insulation of the ember bed 331 from below, which leads to a further increase in the combustion temperature.
  • the base plate 33 has column-shaped or slot-shaped through openings 332 for ashes and flue gases. Here, the column diameter or the slot width is very much smaller than the thickness of the base plate 33. Since the base plate 33 is at a high temperature due to the direct contact with the ember bed 331, the afterburning takes place as soon as the gases pass through the slots 332 in FIG Base plate 33.
  • part of the grate 13, 23 or the base plate 33 can be covered by a relatively thin plate made of high-temperature-resistant material with low thermal conductivity.
  • Figure 10 is a horizontal section through a Furnace 4 reproduced, which corresponds to the section through the furnace 1 of Figure 2.
  • Figure 10 shows a modification of the previous furnace construction in such a way that the lining 44 does not abut the side walls 11 like the lining 14 with channels 15, but is at a distance from the side walls 41, so that a shaft is located between the side wall 41 and the lining 44 45 narrow width is available for the flue gases.
  • the narrow width shaft replaces the channels 15 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, which are not present in the lining 44.
  • the flue gases flow through channels or shafts, the walls of which are at least partially formed from the metal outer wall parts 111, 211.
  • the heat transfer from the flue gases then takes place particularly intensively on these metal wall parts. According to the invention, however, this direct contact between the flue gases and the metal wall parts is only possible if the stove has air cooling, for example as a tiled stove.
  • FIG. 11 shows a vertical section through a boiler 5 along the line XI-XI from FIG. 12, and FIG. 12 shows a horizontal section through the boiler 5 according to the line XII-XII from FIG.
  • the internal structure of the boiler 5 corresponds to that of the furnace 2, which has been shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
  • the boiler 5 has a water jacket 51.
  • the inner walls of the boiler body are provided with a lining 54, which consists of a high-temperature-resistant material with low thermal conductivity, such as firebricks.
  • Channels 55 are present in the lining 54, which connect the ash fall chamber 56 to a flue gas collector 57 in the upper part of the boiler, which in turn is connected to the chimney by a flue gas nozzle 58.
  • the channels 55 lie completely in the lining 54 and are not open to the water-cooled boiler wall. The flue gases do not touch the inner wall of the boiler when they flow through the channels 55.
  • Wirbulators can be used in channels 15, 25, 35 and 55 in order to increase the heat transfer from the flue gas to the channel walls.
  • FIG. 13 shows a vertical longitudinal section through a basic tile stove 6.
  • the combustion chamber 61 of the basic furnace 6 has the same structure as the furnace 3 according to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9.
  • the basic furnace 6 has a brick casing 62, which is plastered in a known manner or is still clad with tiles.
  • Two flue gas flues are provided in the basic tile stove 6, namely a drop flue 63 and a riser 64.
  • a horizontal flue 65 with a control flap 66 is provided for the heating phase.
  • the control flap 66 can also be arranged on the top of the furnace 6. It is of course also possible to arrange the two trains 63, 64 horizontally.
  • the flue gas opening 67 is provided for connecting the basic furnace 6 to a chimney.
  • the flow path of the flue gases is marked by several arrows R.
  • R1 is the short-term path of the flue gases in the heating phase as long as the heating flap 68 is open, as has been described on page 7, lines 25 to 29 in relation to the furnace 1.
  • FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 show the furnace 3 according to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 with an additional secondary air combustion.
  • the furnace 3 additionally has two exhaust gas baffles 341, 342 under the base plate 33, which run obliquely downwards, as can be seen from FIG.
  • the purpose of the baffles 341, 342 is to direct the flame inwards and to lead past the nozzles 361 of a secondary air duct 36, so that the preheated secondary air flowing out through the fine nozzle openings 361 is fine in the entire flame front and over the entire length of the secondary air duct 36 distributed and thus a visibly better afterburning takes place again.
  • Measurements of the chimney flue gases show a carbon monoxide content that is practically no longer measurable.
  • the secondary air duct 36 can preferably consist of a tube made of ceramic or highly heat-resistant metal.
  • a large ash fall box 37 can also be arranged in the lower part of the furnace 3.
  • 17 and 18 show two sections through the furnace 3, in which the base plate consists of two partial base plates 333, 334, which are located at a distance from one another and form a post-combustion chamber 38.
  • the secondary air duct 36 with the two exhaust gas guide plates 341, 342 is located in the afterburning chamber 38.
  • the air preheated in the secondary air duct 36 leads to complete CO afterburning.
  • FIGS. 19, 20 and 21 again show the furnace 3 according to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, but with a base plate 33 with passage-like openings 335 that widen downward in a nozzle-like manner, round, square or rectangular in cross-section.
  • the columnar or slot-shaped through openings 332 according to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 can be designed to widen downwards.
  • the nozzle-shaped widening of the passage openings 332, 335 downwards causes an increase in the flow velocity (Laval nozzle) for the combustion gases that pass through, resulting in better and more intensive mixing and thus combustion of the gases.
  • the secondary or post-combustion air is here through secondary air channels 363 that enter the Base plate 33 are poured or pressed, supplied and occurs directly at the passage openings 335.
  • the base plate 33 consists of chamotte, ceramic, refractory concrete or high-alloy cast or metal.
  • the side walls 31 and the rear wall 32 of the furnace 3 are designed here as a variant without trains. However, trains 35 according to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 can also be provided.
  • the amount of secondary air supplied can be regulated via a secondary air flap 362.
  • FIG. 22 shows a section through the furnace 1, but with the grate bars 13 running from front to back.
  • the grate bars 13 are, for example, triangular or round in cross section, are hollow and have nozzle-shaped openings 132 on the underside.
  • exhaust gas baffles 341, 342 are again present.
  • the grate bars 13 are preferably made of highly heat-resistant metal or ceramic.
  • a boiler 5 is shown in FIGS. 23, 24 and 25. Parts of this boiler 5, which correspond to the corresponding parts of the boiler according to FIGS. 11, 12, are provided with the same reference numerals and are therefore not described again.
  • a basket-shaped heat exchanger 59 made of pipes or hollow castings.
  • the tubes or the hollow castings of the heat exchanger 59 consist, for example, of round or rectangular tubes made of highly heat-resistant material.
  • the heat exchanger 59 is water-bearing and is connected to the outer water jacket on its input and output sides. In order to achieve better water circulation, the lower basket parts 591 can be installed at an angle.
  • the purpose of installing the heat exchanger 59 is to achieve a more continuous power output while maintaining the economical, clean and environmentally friendly combustion of the boiler 5 according to FIGS. 11, 12.
  • the exchanger base 591 and the side parts 592 serve as heat exchangers, with between the Pipes of the grid-shaped heat exchanger 59 is a relatively large distance to ensure a uniform temperature in the combustion chamber and thus a uniform heating of the lining 54.
  • the connection of the heat exchanger 59 to the outer water jacket 51 takes place via the water inlets 597 and water outlets 598.
  • the heat exchanger 59 is mainly necessary for the combustion of coal and coke.
  • a primary air duct 593 with air outlet nozzles 594 is arranged in the upper part of the boiler 5.
  • the primary air duct 593 ensures a uniform air distribution of the primary air in the boiler 5. Without the primary air duct 593, the front part of the boiler 5 burns faster than in the rear part of the boiler 5, which is undersupplied with combustion air, resulting in unburned carbonization gases.
  • the amount of air supply can be controlled via a primary air damper 595.
  • the supplied air is preheated in the primary air duct 593.
  • the heating flap is preferably used to heat the boiler 5 when it has to be operated as a burn-through furnace in the heating phase.
  • the primary air duct 593, 594 with the primary air flap 595 can also be used in all of the previously described air-cooled ovens.
  • the exhaust gas baffles 341, 342 and the secondary air duct 36 are located below the base plate 541.
  • the function of the exhaust baffle plates 341, 342 and the secondary air duct 36 has been described in detail with reference to FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 and therefore need not be repeated.
  • water has been specified as the coolant in the boiler 5 according to FIGS. 23, 24 and 25, it goes without saying that, instead of water, other liquid coolants, such as thermal oils, for example, can also be used to achieve higher operating temperatures.
  • other liquid coolants such as thermal oils, for example

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Appareil de chauffage (1) avec refroidissement par air ou par eau, en particulier appareil de chauffage indépendant raccordé, poêle de faïence, poêle de construction à faïence, cheminée ou chaudière de chauffage, poêle chauffant de faïence ou appareil de chauffage à cheminée, destiné à la combustion de combustibles solides et constitué par une chambre de combustion munie d'un garnissage (14, 44, 54) en une matière réfractaire à faible conductibilité thermique, une grille (13) refroidie ou non et des carneaux (15, 35, 45, 55) (conduits de gaz de fumée), qui mettent un cendrier (16, 26, 37, 56) en communication avec un collecteur de gaz de fumée (17) disposé dans la partie supérieure de l'appareil de chauffage (1), les gaz de fumée s'écoulant grâce au tirage de la cheminée, avec ou sans un ventilateur pour l'évacuation des gaz de fumée, en passant par le lit incandescent (131, 331), dans le cendrier (16, 26, 37, 56) et à partir de ce dernier, en passant par les carneaux (15, 35, 45, 55) et le collecteur de gaz de fumée (17), dans la cheminée, caractérisé en ce que le collecteur de gaz de fumée (17) se trouve au-dessus des carneaux (15, 35, 45, 55), en ce que le garnissage (14, 44, 54) de la chambre de combustion est baigné directement par les gaz de fumée de telle manière qu'il ne se produise aucun refroidissement, en ce que les carneaux (15, 35, 45, 55) sont disposés au moins de trois côtés de la chambre de combustion et en ce que les ouvertures d'entrée inférieures des carneaux (15, 35, 45, 55) sont disposées plus bas que le bord inférieur de la grille.
  2. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le cendrier (26) présente lui aussi un garnissage (22) en une matière réfractaire à faible conductibilité thermique.
  3. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la grille est réalisée sous la forme d'une plaque de fond (33) en une matière réfractaire à faible conductibilité thermique, la plaque de fond (33) présentant des ouvertures de passage (332) en forme de colonnes ou de fentes pour les cendres et les gaz de fumée.
  4. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre des colonnes ou la largeur des fentes est très nettement inférieur à l'épaisseur de la plaque de fond (33).
  5. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour régler le rendement de l'appareil de chauffage une partie de la grille (13) ou de la plaque de fond (33) peut être recouverte d'une plaque relativement mince en matière réfractaire à faible conductibilité thermique.
  6. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la matière réfractaire à faible conductibilité thermique présente en outre un haut pouvoir d'accumulation de chaleur.
  7. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par de la chamotte utilisée en tant que matière réfractaire à faible conductibilité thermique et à haut pouvoir d'accumulation de chaleur.
  8. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un volet (161) monté dans la paroi du cendrier (16) pour l'amenée d'air secondaire.
  9. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'en cas de refroidissement par air de l'appareil de chauffage (1) les carneaux (15) sont ouverts en direction des parois latérales (11).
  10. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un garnissage (44) sans carneaux est disposé à une certaine distance devant les parois latérales (41).
  11. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas d'un refroidissement par eau de l'appareil de chauffage (5) (chaudière) les carneaux (55) se trouvent à l'intérieur du garnissage (54).
  12. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sous la plaque de fond (33) ou les barreaux de grille (13) sont montées des tôles déflectrices de gaz de fumée (341, 342) qui dirigent les gaz brûlés vers un canal d'air secondaire (36) par lequel de l'air secondaire est amené aux gaz de fumée en vue de leur postcombustion.
  13. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de passage (332, 335) en forme de colonnes ou de fentes sont réalisées de façon à s'évaser vers le bas en forme de buses.
  14. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que le canal d'air secondaire (363) est intégré dans la plaque de fond (33).
  15. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les barreaux (13) de la grille s'étendant d'avant en arrière sont réalisées de façon à être creuses et servent de conduits d'air secondaire.
  16. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'un échangeur de chaleur (59) en forme de grille est monté dans l'espace intérieur de la chaudière (5).
  17. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans la partie supérieure de l'appareil de chauffage (5) est monté un conduit d'air primaire (593) pour l'amenée uniforme d'air comburant.
EP87110732A 1986-07-25 1987-07-24 Poêle pour combustibles solides Expired - Lifetime EP0254321B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87110732T ATE69099T1 (de) 1986-07-25 1987-07-24 Ofen fuer festbrennstoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863625151 DE3625151A1 (de) 1986-07-25 1986-07-25 Ofen fuer festbrennstoffe
DE3625151 1986-07-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0254321A2 EP0254321A2 (fr) 1988-01-27
EP0254321A3 EP0254321A3 (en) 1989-02-08
EP0254321B1 true EP0254321B1 (fr) 1991-10-30

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ID=6305953

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87110732A Expired - Lifetime EP0254321B1 (fr) 1986-07-25 1987-07-24 Poêle pour combustibles solides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0254321B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE69099T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3625151A1 (fr)

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DE9304245U1 (de) * 1993-03-22 1993-09-23 Olsberg Hermann Everken GmbH, 59939 Olsberg Festbrennstoffofen mit nachverbrennung
EP0641969B1 (fr) * 1993-09-07 1996-02-28 Heribert Posch Dispositif de combustion pour bois, charbon et biomasse
US7100656B2 (en) 2002-04-15 2006-09-05 Northrop Grumman Corporation System and method for curing composite material
AT505161B1 (de) * 2007-10-31 2008-11-15 Hofer Erich Ing Heizkessel
EP2975322A1 (fr) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-20 swissphlox gmbh Dispositif de combustion de combustibles fixes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3774199D1 (de) 1991-12-05
ATE69099T1 (de) 1991-11-15
DE3625151A1 (de) 1988-01-28
EP0254321A2 (fr) 1988-01-27
EP0254321A3 (en) 1989-02-08

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