EP0245343A1 - Appareil de plongee et son procede de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Appareil de plongee et son procede de fonctionnement

Info

Publication number
EP0245343A1
EP0245343A1 EP19860906411 EP86906411A EP0245343A1 EP 0245343 A1 EP0245343 A1 EP 0245343A1 EP 19860906411 EP19860906411 EP 19860906411 EP 86906411 A EP86906411 A EP 86906411A EP 0245343 A1 EP0245343 A1 EP 0245343A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bell
chamber
diver
diving
aperture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19860906411
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Malcolm Johnson
David William Kirkley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ocean Technical Services Ltd
Original Assignee
Ocean Technical Services Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ocean Technical Services Ltd filed Critical Ocean Technical Services Ltd
Publication of EP0245343A1 publication Critical patent/EP0245343A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/32—Decompression arrangements; Exercise equipment
    • B63C11/325—Decompression arrangements; Exercise equipment chambers used for it
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/34—Diving chambers with mechanical link, e.g. cable, to a base
    • B63C11/44—Diving chambers with mechanical link, e.g. cable, to a base of open type, e.g. diving-bells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to diving apparatus and to a method of carrying out underwater diving operations usin such apparatus.
  • Deep diving bells are used at greater depths, these being in the nature of capsules which can be sealed under pressure at the working depth. They are 0 "then brought to the surface without in-water decompression stops and decompression takes place slowly either in the dry diving bell or in a decompression chamber into which a transfer is made at the pressure existing in the bell. No decompression to surface 5 pressure followed by recompression in a chamber is necessary.
  • a wet diving bell comprising a pressure ,. resisting chamber to accommodate one or more divers, a closable aperture to allow a diver to enter the chamber, means to allow the chamber to flood, at least in part, 25 on immersion in water and means to substantially clear the chamber,of water whilst submerged.
  • the wet diving bell comprises a water pressure resisting chamber to accommodate one or more divers, a lower access aperture preferably in the base of the chamber to ⁇ allow a diver to enter the chamber, a door sealingly engaging the aperture to close same and a further upper .closable aperture preferably in the side of the. chamber to allow flooding of the chamber.
  • the chamber may be spherical, cylindrical, hemispherical, ellipsoidal or other closed shape or combination of shapes with the access aperture at a normally-lower surface which aperture is sufficient size to permit entry and exit of a diver but which may be closed so as to seal the internal chamber of the diving " bell.
  • Means may be provided within the diving bell to accommodate the diver.
  • the construction of the bell will include a platform suspended beneath the diving bell on which a diver may stand and which can also be used as a work station.
  • This invention also provides a method of performing air breathing diving operations using a wet diving bell capable of housing a diver and having a closable access aperture, in which method the diver is deployed to depth with the diving bell preferably with the access aperture open and the bell flooding, the diver therereafter being recovered, in a normal mode, by raising the bell and diver with the access door open, and subject to decompression stops, to a recovery depth, thereafter clearing the chamber of water, closing the access door, and raising the bell and diver to the • surface, and preferably connecting the bell to a decompression chamber and transferring the diver to said chamber all under recovery depth pressure or alternatively decompressing the diver within the bell.
  • a wet diving bell can accommodate a diver in the chamber and the chamber flooded with water or the chamber emptied of water by means of air pressure thereby creating a breathable atmosphere within the chamber.
  • the bell may be raised with a closable aperture open and decompression stops made at depths as prescribed by diving tables. Before the diving bell reaches the surface the divers enter and at the last prescribed in-water decompression stop close the aperture. The diving bell is then raised to the surface and decompression continues in the diving bell at the surface or alternatively the divers transfer under pressure to a decompression chamber at the same pressure as the interior of the diving bell and decompression is carried out therein. Thus the divers are not subject to decompression to surface pressure followed by recompression and further decompression.
  • This invention therefore provides what may be termed a "third" method of carrying out a diving operation which lies between the traditional wet bell methods and the deep water pressurised capsule methods
  • the diving bell will, according to yet a further aspect of this invention, be associated with lifting and winching gear whereby the bell may be brought to the " surface diving station and positioned so that an
  • the structure of the bell will incorporate an exit aperture at a side thereof for the purpose of transferring to the decompression chamber.
  • the use of the bell according to this invention for air diving has several benefits. Two divers may work outside the wet bell, each acting as standby diver for the other with each being in visual contact. Thus 100% diver utilisation is achievable.
  • the umbilical to the surface is connected to the wet bell, not the diver, therefore he is not subjected to the same current drag forces as a surface orientated diver.
  • the diver's effective working bottom-time can be increased, particularly in situations where tidal currents exist.
  • the wet bell provides a useful store for working tools and inspection equipment, thereby largely eliminating the time spent in running tools. Possibilities exist to develop the wet bell into a versatile work station. Clear communications to the surface are available if required to discuss detailed operations, ensuring that there is complete understanding of the situation.
  • a safe sanctuary is nearby in the event of a mishap or the diver feeling unwell.
  • the e ⁇ bell has a much larger dry cavity than is normal. Whereas in a normal wet bell the dry space is only sufficiently large for a diver's head, the modified wet bell will have a dry space large enough to accommodate the bodies of two divers completely.
  • the bell has preferably two doors, one on the side and one at the bottom of the dry space. When these ' doors are shut this space becomes pressure tight with an excess pressure internally but the doors will open if excess pressure develops externally.
  • the bell will be used in the same way as a known wet bell. Divers will use it as a deployment aid and will enter the water with- both doors open so that it will flood as it passes through the sea surface leaving only a small air space at the top.
  • the advantages of this invention are that the modifying of wet bell diving techniques to permit '- sealing the dry space with the divers inside does not require new technology.
  • the modified wet bell is to be distinguished from the usual type of open-sructured wet bell and also from the dry bell which is used in heliox bounce and saturation diving at depths beyond 50m.
  • the dry space should be as small as possible.
  • a preferred system provides the following features: a) The wet bell is designed to acommodate two or possibly three divers and their equipment. b) It is to be used to a depth of 50m only. c) diving is carried out using compressed natural air as breathing medium. d) The main use will be in areas where tidal currents are experienced. e) Operations are possible in all normal diving situations, such as platforms, drilling rigs, vessels, f) A complete modular system may be provided comprising wet bell, handling system, decompression chamber, control system, air compressor set, umbilicals, guidewire arrangements and, secondary recovery equipment.
  • the shape of the wet bell is preferably such that the volume is a minimum to reduce the buoyancy force in the dry condition and therefore minimise the dry bell weight with the drag coefficient being low so that use in tidal conditions is improved.
  • the size and shape is also arranged to accommodate two men and their equipment while permitting operation of doors and internal controls.
  • the bell may be constructed from lightweight high- strength polymer materials such as polycarbonate which has the advantage of transparency or other materials such as glass or Kevlar-reinforced polyester and epoxy.
  • Steel has the advantage of being easily and cheaply formed using well-known codes and, more importantly, its high ductility makes it very suitable in situations where rough handling is the rule. For these reasons, steel is the preferred material.
  • the bell should be slightly negatively-buoyant, when dry and strongly negatively buoyant during deployment. This is achieved by leaving both side and lower doors open resulting in very rapid flooding when passing through the surface of the water.
  • the doors in the bell may be of the self-sealing type kept closed by the increasing internal pressure as the bell is brought up.
  • the bell will be supplied with air through an umbilical, compressed gas supplies need to be carried on board.
  • Several cylinders of air or breathable gas mixtures can be carried, possibly strapped to external supports or inside said supports. Arrangements to control the gas flow from inside the bell cavity will be provided.
  • the access apertures or doors in the bell chamber will be held closed by the excess internal pressure and hence pressure resisting fastenings of strength are not essential.
  • simple clamps or clips of limited strength are used to retain the doors closed initially, major retention being effected by internal pressure.
  • the clips or clamps may be arranged to yield on application of limited external force thus, in an emergency, access to the divers in the chamber can be obtained quickly by breaking the door fittings.
  • the divers may remove helmets or masks and store these together with the coiled umbilicals outside and adjacent to the lower door.
  • the inside of the bell is preferably equipped '- with its own communications link and built-in breathing
  • the handling system may be a relatively simple arrangement and for platform or drilling rig work a fixed gantry may be provided. The problem arises from the need to raise the bell well clear of the mating
  • guide rods including a dog leg which causes the bell to be brought closer to the decompression chamber during the closing stages.
  • Typical lateral movement would be 5 cm. to prevent damage caused by impact between the mating flanges.
  • the bell may be raised and lowered using a lift - 13 -
  • wire having'its own winch which can be electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic.
  • Pneumatic drives only require an adequate storage capacity of compressed air which is easily achieved using a low-pressure storage tank and are preferred.
  • the decompression chamber has a suitable flange and clamp on the entry door to permit mating with the bell.
  • the flange itself may be a standard NATO specification to permit attachment of a one-man rescue chamber as an alternative to the bell.
  • the clamp itself should be of a type already in use with dry-bell systems, such as a split type with a manually operated screw action.
  • control system may be standard although there are more control functions than usual with a normal wet bell operation.
  • the complete system of control cabin, decompression chamber, and handling system may be mounted on a single skid or frame, which may be broken down into individual modules for transportation and handling.
  • the use of one or more guidewires is preferable to ensure that the bell is lowered under control horizontallly as well as vertically. This is particularly important when diving in marginal weather conditions and when there is a significant tidal current.
  • the usual technique is to lower a heavy gravity anchor (clump weight) to the seabed and maintain the lowering cable under tension. The wire passes over ⁇ - sheave or roller attached to the bell thereby ensuring that close contact is maintained.
  • clump weight clump weight
  • a typical clump weight system for use with a bell consists of the weight in the form of a heavy bar or concrete-filled tube slightly longer than the width of the bell.
  • a wire runs from a fixed point adjacent to the side of the bell in its pre-launch position, through a sheave at one end of the clump weight, along the weight to the sheave at the other end and then back to the surface sheave giving a lead to the guidewire winch.
  • the clump weight needed is determined by the fluid drag on the bell and its umbilical. If the bell hoist wire should fail a secondary method of bell recovery is needed.
  • the bell can be lowered onto the clump weight by means of the umbilical (which must contain a strength member) or the clump weight can be slowly raised to engage with the lower bell buffer ring. The guidewire winch is then used to raise the bell to the surface.
  • the bell can then be depressurised and preparations for the next dive begin.
  • the procedure is the same as for any surface-orientated dive.
  • the pressures in the entry lock and main lock are equalised and the divers transfer into a large compartment, again shutting the door behind them.
  • the entry lock can then be depressurised and is available for locking-in an assistant or medical doctor if necessary.
  • Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a diving- bell according to this invention
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section with a diver in a seated position
  • Figure 3 shows a side elevation of a shipboard ⁇ mounted winch and decompression chamber
  • Figure 4 shows an end elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 3
  • Figure 5 shows schematically a guide wire and weight arrangement
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a modification of the diving bell
  • Figure 7 shows a side elevation of a second embodiment of apparatus
  • Figure 8 shows an end elevation of the embodiment of Figure 7.
  • the wet bell comprises a spherical pressure chamber 1 which incorporates a lower access aperture 2 provided with an internal closable door 3 which may be shut to seal the chamber.
  • a further side aperture 4 is also provided again with an internally closing and sealable door 5.
  • Viewing ports 6 can be provided as required with- the top of the bell having a winch cable anchor point 7.
  • the aperture-4 is designed to mate with a suitable aperture on a decompression chamber (see Figures 3 and 4).
  • Beneath the bell 1 is provided a circular platform 8 on which divers 9 may stand to be partly housed within the sphere.
  • the platform 8 is supported by leg structures 10 also supporting an annular buffing ring 11 on which various tools such as a vice 12 can be mounted, the platform 8 also carries a gas cylinder 13 for compression of the chamber.
  • the chamber 1 will also incorporate a seat 14 and headrests 15.
  • a seat 14 and headrests 15 For emergency purposes divers may enter the chamber, close the door 3 and rest whilst the structure is brought to the surface maintaining the pressure.
  • a shipboard mounted winch system may be provided comprising davits 30 which may be swung out over the side of the vessel using hydraulic rams 31.
  • the wet bell chamber 1 may then be lowered on the cable 32 suitably guided to the underwater work point by means of guide cables 33.
  • the bell 1 when winched on board the vessel can be secured and the aperture 4 is arranged to be brought adjacent an aperture 34 associated with a two or three compartment decompression chamber 35.
  • the wet bell will be deployed from a gantry system complete with-twin guide wires.
  • a pneumatic man-riding winch will lower the bell into the water with both doors 3 and 5 open and with the divers standing on the platform.
  • An air pocket will remain at the top of the bell so that buoyancy will be minimal.
  • Both divers will be fully dressed in (and breathing from) bandmasks.
  • the divers On completion of the work underwater the divers will return to.the bell, coil up their umbilicals and close the side door if not already closed. They will blow out the water using air from cylinder 13 or using air supplied through an umbilical tube from the surface dive statio ⁇ . and proceed to carry out in-water decompression at the stipulated stops. At a convenient depth such as the depth corresponding to the last in-, water decompression stop they will enter the chamber. The bottom door 3 will be closed and the chamber will proceed to the surface for complete decompression.
  • the wet bell will be normally limited to operations in the air range and as a decompression chamber only will not " usually be subjected to external pressure.
  • the shell construction can thus be lightweight reducing the size and weight of the support gantry carrying the winch which need not be welded to the platform and can be removed to various platform locations relatively easily.
  • the construction of the chamber 1 will, however, be sufficient such that it may be brought to the surface at higher pressures if required in an emergency, thus the divers may be very rapidly taken to safety without the usual decompression recompression problems.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic arrangement of the wet diving bell using a clump weight which serves to anchor two parallel guide lines to the sea bed.
  • the bell 1 has two sideways extending arms 50 each of which has a guiding means such as a roller 51 in contact with a respective guide wire 52.
  • a guiding means such as a roller 51 in contact with a respective guide wire 52.
  • One of these guide wires 52 is anchored at 53 to the shipboard structure and the wire extends through pulleys 54 which carry the clump weight 55.
  • the return wire 52 passes over a further pulley arrangement 56 to a winch 57.
  • the bell 1 has a cable 58 passing over pulley 59 and running to a second winch 60. With this arrangement the clump weight 55 may be lowered to the sea bed with the two parallel cables 52 forming a positioning and guiding device.
  • the cables 52 with winch 57 and clump weight 55 may form an emergency retrievel system for the bell in which case the clump weight can be raised to contact the lower , part of the bell structure and thereafter used to bring same to the surface.
  • FIG 6 shows a modification of the diving bell 1 having aperture 4 for coupling with a decompression chamber and the aperture 2 for entry and exit of the divers.
  • the platform structure 8 is augmented by means of a basket 60 having an access door 61 and which may be. used to store equipment whilst maintaining a clea access to the entrance aperture 2 'of the bell 1.
  • This construction utilising the basket may be developed further so as to provide a number of specially constructed add on modular units which can be coupled with the platform 8 with each unit being adapted for a particular purpose.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a further embodiment which is particularly adapted for an offshore platform. The general construction and operating method is similar to that previously described.
  • the wet diving bell 70 in this case of cylindrical construction with a spherical top dome includes an entrance aperture 71 again closeable by a door with a side aperture 72 with a similar door.
  • the bell is raised and lowered by means of cable 73 utilising winch 74.
  • a clump weight 75 is provided with side guide cable : s 76, one of which is secured to the platform structure at 77 and the other of which is coupled to winch 78.
  • the bell 70 includes guides 79 which run along the cables 76. To guide the bell during the final stages posts 76a are provided which are engaged by arras 79.
  • the posts preferably have a dog leg 76b positioned so that after the flanges between the side door 72 and a transfer chamber 87 have overlapped initially, the bell is moved laterally by the dog leg to bring the flanges together. This avoids the risk of the edges of the flanges initially contacting with resulting damage.
  • the bell with its associated winch structures is located at an end 80 of a lattice work modular support unit 81 which is secured by cross-bearing members 82 to an appropriate part 83- of an offshore rig.
  • a decompression chamber 84 and a second larger decompression chamber 85 interconnected by means of a transfer air lock 86.
  • the third chamber 87 is provided for transferring divers under pressure from the bell 70 through the access aperture 72 and into the decompression chamber 84 via a further air lock 88.
  • a particular feature of the construction shown in Figures 7 and 8 is the modular arrangement whereby the decompression chambers together with a control room 89 are located within a sub-frame structure 81 which can be readily transferred in sections to the offshore platform and thereafter assembled to form a complete operational unit.
  • the dive control room 89 will provide facilities for monitoring divers in the decompression chambers together with usual regulation and control equipment foj operating the chambers and the wet bell 70.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil pour exécuter des opérations en plongée aérobie à l'aide d'une cloche de plongée mouillée (1) pouvant abriter un plongeur et possédant une ouverture d'accès (2) pouvant être fermée. Le plongeur est largué à une certaine profondeur avec la cloche de plongée (1) dont l'ouverture d'accès est ouverte et qui est inondée jusqu'au niveau (M), le plongeur étant ensuite récupéré selon un mode normal, en remontant la cloche et le plongeur avec la porte d'accès (2) ouverte, et en observant des paliers de décompression, jusqu'à une profondeur de récupération, puis en vidant l'eau (W) de la chambre, en refermant la porte d'accès (2) et en remontant la cloche et le plongeur à la surface, en raccordant l'ouverture (4) de la cloche à une chambre de décompression et en transférant le plongeur dans ladite chambre, le tout à la pression de la profondeur de récupération.
EP19860906411 1985-11-07 1986-11-06 Appareil de plongee et son procede de fonctionnement Withdrawn EP0245343A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB858527415A GB8527415D0 (en) 1985-11-07 1985-11-07 Diving equipment
GB8527415 1985-11-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0245343A1 true EP0245343A1 (fr) 1987-11-19

Family

ID=10587844

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860906411 Withdrawn EP0245343A1 (fr) 1985-11-07 1986-11-06 Appareil de plongee et son procede de fonctionnement

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0245343A1 (fr)
GB (3) GB8527415D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987002962A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102444022B1 (ko) * 2021-04-27 2022-09-21 해주이엔씨 (주) 피라미드형 해중구조물

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DE3732167A1 (de) * 1987-09-24 1989-04-13 Haux Life Support Gmbh Taucherdruckkammern, medizinische behandlungsueber- und unterdruckkammern, sowie unterdruckkammern fuer pilotentests in modulbauweise in verbindung mit der flachbodentechnik
GB9021925D0 (en) * 1990-10-09 1990-11-21 Ocean Techn Services Ltd Improvements in diving apparatus and methods of diving
DE10235842B4 (de) * 2002-05-17 2008-01-31 Leitholf, Peter, Dipl.-Ing. Transportsystem für Taucher und Tauchkapsel
AU2003232157A1 (en) 2002-05-17 2003-12-02 Peter Leitholf Diving capsule and transport system for divers
KR101357536B1 (ko) 2011-12-08 2014-01-29 주식회사 한국해양스포츠개발원 휴대용 수중 재압 챔버
CN102632977B (zh) * 2012-04-16 2014-08-27 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 大型遥控潜水器的水下干式搭载装置
ITRN20120041A1 (it) * 2012-08-02 2014-02-03 Res Marina S R L Impianto di evacuazione iperbarica per sommozzatori e camera iperbarica per l'evacuazione di sommozzatori
CN103043193A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-04-17 上海打捞局芜湖潜水装备厂 一种深水开式潜水钟及其自救方法
CN103738487A (zh) * 2013-12-30 2014-04-23 上海打捞局芜湖潜水装备厂 一种用于开式潜水钟的导向压重装置
RU2657605C2 (ru) * 2015-07-20 2018-06-14 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" Средство спасания подводника и способ его подъема на поверхность
CN109398646B (zh) * 2018-12-26 2023-08-15 烟台宏远氧业股份有限公司 多功能混合气潜水控制箱
CN110615082B (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-09-08 广州黄船海洋工程有限公司 一种潜水钟内的潜水员转移机构
RU2720761C1 (ru) * 2019-11-28 2020-05-13 Владимир Васильевич Чернявец Индивидуальное теплозащитное средство
RU2744056C1 (ru) * 2020-03-17 2021-03-02 Акционерное общество "Центральное конструкторское бюро "Лазурит" Водолазный колокол
RU2770872C1 (ru) * 2021-09-13 2022-04-22 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия им. Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" Устройство кондиционирования водолазных барокамер

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102444022B1 (ko) * 2021-04-27 2022-09-21 해주이엔씨 (주) 피라미드형 해중구조물

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2217367A (en) 1989-10-25
GB8910558D0 (en) 1989-06-21
GB2182967B (en) 1990-01-24
WO1987002962A1 (fr) 1987-05-21
GB8626558D0 (en) 1986-12-10
GB8527415D0 (en) 1985-12-11
GB2182967A (en) 1987-05-28
GB2217367B (en) 1990-03-28

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