EP0239709B1 - Conteneur sur palette avec dispositif de protection en treillis plié et renforcé - Google Patents

Conteneur sur palette avec dispositif de protection en treillis plié et renforcé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0239709B1
EP0239709B1 EP86440071A EP86440071A EP0239709B1 EP 0239709 B1 EP0239709 B1 EP 0239709B1 EP 86440071 A EP86440071 A EP 86440071A EP 86440071 A EP86440071 A EP 86440071A EP 0239709 B1 EP0239709 B1 EP 0239709B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
frame
corners
support
transport
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86440071A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0239709A1 (fr
Inventor
Erwin Jungels
Pierre Pfeiffer
Benoît Cheval
Paul Sigwalt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sotralentz SA
Original Assignee
Sotralentz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sotralentz SA filed Critical Sotralentz SA
Priority to AT86440071T priority Critical patent/ATE67976T1/de
Publication of EP0239709A1 publication Critical patent/EP0239709A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0239709B1 publication Critical patent/EP0239709B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/02—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets
    • B65D19/06—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets with bodies formed by uniting or interconnecting two or more components
    • B65D19/08—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets with bodies formed by uniting or interconnecting two or more components made wholly or mainly of metal
    • B65D19/10—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets with bodies formed by uniting or interconnecting two or more components made wholly or mainly of metal of skeleton construction, e.g. made of wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
    • B65D77/0446—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks
    • B65D77/0453—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks the inner container having a polygonal cross-section
    • B65D77/0466—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks the inner container having a polygonal cross-section the containers being mounted on a pallet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00024—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00064—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00119—Materials for the construction of the reinforcements
    • B65D2519/00129—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00154—Materials for the side walls
    • B65D2519/00164—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00189—Materials for the lid or cover
    • B65D2519/00199—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
    • B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00298—Overall construction of the load supporting surface skeleton type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
    • B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00398—Overall construction reinforcements
    • B65D2519/00432—Non-integral, e.g. inserts
    • B65D2519/00452—Non-integral, e.g. inserts on the walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00492—Overall construction of the side walls
    • B65D2519/00512—Overall construction of the side walls skeleton type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00572—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer with separate auxiliary element, e.g. screws, nails, bayonets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00577—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other
    • B65D2519/00616—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures not intended to be disassembled
    • B65D2519/00621—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures not intended to be disassembled sidewalls directly connected to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00636—Connections structures connecting side walls to the pallet
    • B65D2519/00666—Structures not intended to be disassembled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transport and / or storage container, in particular for liquids, comprising a base in the form of a pallet provided with a support surface constituted by boards parallel to each other, an interior pocket.
  • a transport and / or storage container in particular for liquids, comprising a base in the form of a pallet provided with a support surface constituted by boards parallel to each other, an interior pocket.
  • the support frame comprising a casing formed by vertical and horizontal steel bars, which are connected by spot welding at the crossing points, and whose vertical bars are connected by welded connections to a lower metal frame of profiled steel as well as to a upper metal frame in profiled steel, the lower metal frame in profiled steel being additionally connected to the support surface of the pallet by means of screws, bolts and t / or spikes and the support frame being further stabilized by means of reinforcing corners mounted on the upper metal frame of profiled steel and / or inserted in this frame.
  • the lower metal frame of profiled steel consists of a tube having, for an equal or less quantity of material used, a higher resistant torque than a comparable L-shaped profile.
  • a very particular importance returns to the resisting torque, i.e. to the rigidity and stability of the lower metal frame, since these containers are intended for the transport of liquids whose hydrostatic pressure increases from bottom to top and is manifested particularly at the level of the lower metal frame of profiled steel. This also applies when the liquids are in a plastic container placed in a support frame, since the plastic materials are generally deformable.
  • the lower metal frame of profiled steel consists of a tube, its resistive torque is high enough to be able to neglect the properties in question of the neighboring elements. These therefore do not contribute to stabilization.
  • the plastic tank is supported in its lower part using a foam support ring conforming to its shape.
  • the object of the invention is to increase considerably, with simple means, the endurance from the point of view of form as well as the stability in a transport and / or storage container of the indicated type, and this so that both the stability and the holding of the pallet itself, which represents an important component of a transport and / or storage container of the indicated type, are increased, the envelope formed by the support frame that can be manufactured anyway in the manner described and in particular using standardized trusses of structural steel.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is however characterized in that the reinforcing corners are formed from a sheet of steel and are joined by screws or bolts to the upper metal frame of profiled steel.
  • the bearing edges for the edges and / or corners of the plastic tank can be made of plastic, for example a plastic in the foam state.
  • the invention teaches, in a more concrete manner, that the grab bars for the rounded edges have an open cross section, substantially in shape of triangle, having an insertion slot extending longitudinally on one side and into which the horizontal wing of the lower metal frame made of steel benefited from the support frame is inserted. It is within the scope of the invention to have, at the corners of the support frame, vertical reinforcements in the form of sheet metal shells adapted to the shape of the corners and to connect them to the lower and upper metal frames in profiled steel.
  • the pallet and the support frame the stabilization of which is further increased by the reinforcement corners.
  • the bearing edges contribute to ensuring better reception of the dynamic stresses.
  • Pallet 1 has been shown schematically.
  • the support frame 7 has a casing 8, 9 consisting of vertical steel bars 8 and horizontal steel bars 9, which are connected, at the crossing points 10, by spot welding. It may be an envelope 8, 9, which is constituted in the manner of standardized trusses of structural steel.
  • the casing 8, 9 of the support frame has a lower metal frame in profiled steel 11 as well as an upper metal frame in profiled steel 12 and is connected to the latter by welded connections.
  • the lower profiled steel metallic frame 11 has an L-shaped profiled cross section and is supported, by the horizontal wing 13 of the L-shaped profiled cross section, on the bearing surface 2 of the pallet 1 and is connected to the latter by screws, bolts and / or spikes.
  • bearing edges 17, 18 for the rounded edges 5 or the rounded corners 6 of the sealed pocket in the form of a plastic container 4 are connected to the lower metal frame of profiled steel 11 and to the upper metal frame of profiled steel 12.
  • the reinforcement corners 15 are produced, in the embodiment, by a steel sheet and are joined by screws or bolts to the upper metal frame of profiled steel 12. They can easily be removed and fixed again by screwing, which facilitates the insertion or replacement of the waterproof bag 4.
  • the bearing edges 17 for the corners 6 are produced, in the embodiment, in one plastic, in particular a plastic in the foam state, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the bearing edges 18 for the rounded edges 5 have an open cross section, substantially in the shape of a triangle and having an insertion slot 19 extending longitudinally on one side.
  • the horizontal wing 13 of the lower profiled steel metal frame 11 of the support frame 7 is inserted into this slot. This is pictured in particular in FIG. 5.
  • These two components can also be joined together by welding.
  • the connection of the assembly to the pallet 1 is carried out in the manner described using screws, bolts or spikes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
EP86440071A 1986-04-01 1986-08-27 Conteneur sur palette avec dispositif de protection en treillis plié et renforcé Expired - Lifetime EP0239709B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86440071T ATE67976T1 (de) 1986-04-01 1986-08-27 Palettenbehaelter mit einem aus einem gebogenen und verstaerkten drahtelement geformten schutz.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8604740 1986-04-01
FR8604740A FR2596360B1 (fr) 1986-04-01 1986-04-01 Conteneur sur palette avec dispositif de protection en treillis plie et renforce

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0239709A1 EP0239709A1 (fr) 1987-10-07
EP0239709B1 true EP0239709B1 (fr) 1991-10-02

Family

ID=9333833

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86440071A Expired - Lifetime EP0239709B1 (fr) 1986-04-01 1986-08-27 Conteneur sur palette avec dispositif de protection en treillis plié et renforcé

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4795057A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0239709B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS62287845A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE67976T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU586109B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1282746C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CS (1) CS275991B6 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3681789D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2004585A6 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2596360B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN167865B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PL (1) PL157765B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE3903392A1 (de) * 1989-02-05 1990-08-09 Sotralentz Sa Transport- und/oder lagerbehaelter fuer fluessigkeiten sowie fuer feinteiliges schuettgut
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1282746C (en) 1991-04-09
ATE67976T1 (de) 1991-10-15
PL264856A1 (en) 1988-02-04
JPS62287845A (ja) 1987-12-14
CS275991B6 (en) 1992-03-18
US4795057A (en) 1989-01-03
PL157765B1 (en) 1992-06-30
AU586109B2 (en) 1989-06-29
JPH0543588B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-07-02
FR2596360B1 (fr) 1989-02-17
DE3681789D1 (de) 1991-11-07
ES2004585A6 (es) 1989-01-16
FR2596360A1 (fr) 1987-10-02
IN167865B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-12-29
AU7528987A (en) 1989-01-12
EP0239709A1 (fr) 1987-10-07

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