EP0238029A2 - Interrupteur électrique haute tension pour mise à la terre d'un appareillage de revêtement électrostatique - Google Patents

Interrupteur électrique haute tension pour mise à la terre d'un appareillage de revêtement électrostatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0238029A2
EP0238029A2 EP87103816A EP87103816A EP0238029A2 EP 0238029 A2 EP0238029 A2 EP 0238029A2 EP 87103816 A EP87103816 A EP 87103816A EP 87103816 A EP87103816 A EP 87103816A EP 0238029 A2 EP0238029 A2 EP 0238029A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
head
contact pieces
switch
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87103816A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0238029A3 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Bothner
Norbert Brett
Peter Henger
Reiner Schneider
Manfred Luderer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr Industry GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0238029A2 publication Critical patent/EP0238029A2/fr
Publication of EP0238029A3 publication Critical patent/EP0238029A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/10—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical high-voltage switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the spray devices of electrostatic coating systems which are at the high electrical potential (in the order of magnitude of 100 kV or more) of a high-voltage generator must be grounded during breaks in operation, for example when the spray booth is opened, in which the bodies are usually painted during vehicle manufacture.
  • a simple two-pole earthing switch in series with a damping resistor between ground and a connection point of the spray device and the high-voltage generator.
  • the switch is closed, the generator is also grounded, which remains connected to the spray device, which is undesirable, inter alia, because of the capacity of the generator to be discharged when grounding or for safety reasons.
  • a changeover switch is provided which connects a pole connected to the spraying device via a damping resistor in one switching position with the high-voltage generator and in the other switching position with ground.
  • This grounding system has the disadvantage that the operating current must flow through the damping resistor when the spray device is switched on, at which point a voltage of a few kV drops and corresponding Power loss occurs.
  • the damping resistance for example in the order of 50 or 100 MOhm, is necessary per se because the charge stored in its considerable capacity is dissipated when the spray device is grounded.
  • the switches previously used for the purpose mentioned contain a switch tongue which can be pivoted between their two switch positions and which is mounted in a system filled with insulating oil, in which the damping resistor is usually also accommodated.
  • An electromagnetic drive device was previously provided for switching. It is difficult, among other things, to move this switching tongue through its drive device as quickly as is desirable.
  • a flexible conductive connection between the contact tongue and the fixed connection of the switch pole permanently connected to it is required.
  • repetitive switching occurs uncontrollable and occasionally surprising bounce voltage peaks are generated as soon as a switch of the type previously used reaches the relevant switching position. These voltage peaks have considerable amplitudes and can damage connected electronic control circuits or even the usual cascades of the high-voltage generator or its mains transformer.
  • the object of the invention is to create a high-voltage switch which is particularly suitable for grounding an electrostatic coating system and which can carry out the grounding quickly, reliably and without the risk of generating bump voltage peaks.
  • the high-voltage switch can be used as a switch in its one switching position, for example connecting an electrostatic atomizer directly to its high-voltage source and in its other switching position connecting the atomizer to earth via the built-in damping resistor, so that no voltage drop occurs at the damping resistor during operation and when the atomizer is grounded there is no galvanic connection to the high voltage source.
  • No flexible electrical connections are required, all conductors can rather be rigid and can be easily implemented with the desired conductor cross section.
  • the linearly moving switching bridge can also be easily in particular from a pneumatically (or hydraulically) controlled piston-cylinder unit with the desired force and Speed to be moved.
  • the high-voltage switch can also be used as a simple on-off switch for simultaneously grounding a possibly larger number of atomizers, which was not provided for in the previously known electrostatic coating systems and was also not readily possible.
  • the high-voltage switch designed according to the invention could also be used to ground the high-voltage source itself or any other work system instead of the electrostatic coating devices that are mainly considered here.
  • the switch S shown schematically in FIG. 1 is intended, for example, to switch one or more atomizers Z mounted in a spray booth to a conventional cascade or other high-voltage source HV during the coating of vehicle bodies.
  • the switching contact element K shown as a linearly movable bridge contact, connects in its one switching position two fixed contact pieces a and b, which are connected to the high-voltage source HV and to the atomizer Z, respectively.
  • the switch should interrupt the connection between the atomizer Z and the high-voltage source HV and instead ground the atomizer via a damping resistor RD, for example in the order of 100 MOhm.
  • the switching contact element S In a second switching position, the switching contact element S therefore connects two further fixed contact pieces c and d, one of which (c) is connected to earth and the other (d) is coupled to the atomizer Z via the damping resistor RD. Apart from the coupling via the resistor RD, all fixed contact pieces are insulated from one another.
  • the switching contact member K (Fig. 1) constructively consists of a switching head 10 made of any, but preferably insulating material, on which four movable contact pieces a ⁇ , b ⁇ , c ⁇ and d ⁇ are arranged, each with one of the fixed Contact pieces a to d can be brought into engagement. 2, only the movable contact pieces a ⁇ and b ⁇ facing the two fixed contact pieces a and b are visible.
  • the switch head is slidably mounted in a box-shaped vessel 20 made of insulating material in the vertical and horizontal sections (cf. FIG. 3) along its vertical central axis X.
  • the switching head 10 engages in two guides 22 standing vertically in the vessel 20 on two sides diametrically opposite to the axis X, each with a horizontally projecting nose 12.
  • the vessel is tightly closed by a screwed-on lid 24 and is preferably filled with insulating oil.
  • the switch head 10 is between its upper end position shown in FIG. 2 and the lower end position indicated by dashed lines via a cover 24 holding the switch head 10 guided actuating rod 26 can be moved back and forth by a drive device mounted on the cover 24.
  • the drive device expediently consists of a piston-cylinder unit 27 controlled pneumatically via inlets 28 and 29.
  • a particular advantage here is the possibility of reaching and controlling defined and stable end positions of the switch, for example by means of pneumatically controlled display means.
  • the cylinder of unit 27 also includes a coil spring (not shown) which biases switch head 10 into its grounding position by pushing or pulling on actuator rod 26 so that in the event of pneumatic control failure the atomizer is forcibly turned off and grounded.
  • the fixed contact pieces a and b are mounted near the bottom of the vessel on a separate insulating part 30, which is fixed to the guides 22 mentioned and to adjacent ones, is also connected vertically in the vessel 20, through the cover 24 through the insulating conduit 32.
  • the fixed contact pieces a, b are shown at the contact pieces a ⁇ , b ⁇ corresponding points on opposite sides of the axis X and are electrically connected via connecting conductors to cables or high-voltage conductors leading through the conduit 32, which in turn are connected to the cascade or high-voltage source HV or to the atomizer Z (Fig. 1) leading high-voltage cables are connected.
  • the guides 22 and the conduits 32 are attached to the cover 24 so that the entire unit described including the insulating part 30 and including the through the rod 26 held switch head 10 can be removed from the vessel 20.
  • Fig. 2 is a section along the plane A-B through Fig. 3, from which u.a. the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the vessel and the shape of the switch head 10 can be seen in a top view from above.
  • the switch head 10 suitably consists of a generally e.g. cylindrical, to the axis X coaxial plastic body 14 with an annular flange 11, from which the mentioned lugs 12 protrude.
  • On the ring flange 11 are the four contact pieces a ⁇ , b ⁇ , c ⁇ and d ⁇ (which can only be seen here with regard to their location) with mutual angular distances of e.g. each distributed about 90 ° around the axis X, the contact pieces a ⁇ and b ⁇ vertically (in FIG.
  • the contact pieces a ⁇ and b ⁇ or between c ⁇ and d ⁇ can be realized, for example, by metallic ring elements 16.
  • the contact pieces c ⁇ and d ⁇ facing (not visible) upper fixed contact pieces c and d in front of or behind the axis X, are also 90 ° with respect to the visible lower Contact pieces a and b offset.
  • the invisible upper fixed contact pieces c and d can expediently be mounted on the cover 24 in suitable insulating parts.
  • the contact piece c can be attached to the cover 224 by a conductive connection Connection element (not shown) to be grounded.
  • the other upper fixed contact piece d can be seen in Fig. 4, which shows a further section through Fig. 3 along the plane C-D.
  • the contact piece d is mounted on an insulating part 34 connected to the cover 24 and is connected by a conductor 36 to the upper pole of an elongated resistance element 38 arranged vertically in a tube 37.
  • the resistance element 38 serves as a damping resistor RD according to FIG. 1, and its lower pole is accordingly connected via a conductive connection 39 to the fixed contact piece b, which is also connected to the line leading through the one tube 32 to the outer connection 33 for the atomizer is (Fig. 2).
  • the tube 37 is attached with its ends to the lower insulating part or to an extension of the upper insulating part 34 and is thus firmly connected to the cover 24.
  • the resistance element 38 should also be immersed in the insulating oil of the vessel 20.
  • this oil carbon deposit which can be generated due to small arcs on the contacts of the switch.
  • the resistance element was cast into the insulating material of the switch, which is complex and also unsuitable for structural reasons.
  • the resistance element 38 is seated in a tube 37 for these reasons has no holes, but consists of a special filter material that is only permeable to the insulating liquid, but not to oil coal and other components of the insulating liquid that reduce the insulation strength.
  • filter materials for example special plastics, are known per se for other purposes.
  • an essential goal of the construction of the switch described here was a quick, but as bounce-free closing of the respective circuits.
  • a prerequisite for this is, in addition to the linear drive of the switch head 10, in particular a suitable arrangement and design of the contact pieces, in such a way that when a contact piece contacts one another with its mating contact piece, at least one of them yield elastically (resiliently) with respect to its own holder or in itself should.
  • the one contact piece as a contact finger rigidly mounted axially parallel, which engages in a contact sleeve forming the associated other contact piece, which at the end has axially extending incisions 29 (FIGS. 2 and 4) in individual segments is divided, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the contact finger, so that they are pressed together resiliently by this when engaged.
  • Such contact fingers and contact sleeves referred to as "tulips" are per se Arc-resistant assembly of high and medium voltage switching devices known.
  • the contact pieces a ⁇ , b ⁇ , d ⁇ and the invisible contact piece c ⁇ can be designed as contact fingers, while the associated “tulips” serve as counter-contact pieces a to d.
  • the downward contact pieces a ⁇ and b ⁇ of the switch head 10 can be of the same length and mounted in the same horizontal plane, there is also the possibility of arranging the contact fingers and / or the “contact tulips” at different heights as in the case of the upper contact pieces.
  • the upward-facing contact pieces c ⁇ and d ⁇ are mounted on the rear finger end in the lower ring flange 11 (FIG. 3) of the switching head 10, but the contact piece d ⁇ visible in FIG. 4 can be made constructive reasons protrude higher than the contact piece c ⁇ .
  • the contact pieces of the switch head and / or their mating contact pieces are expediently mounted axially adjustable.
  • one pair of contact pieces engages somewhat earlier or later than the other pair.
  • trailing contact of the pair containing the grounded contact piece c after connection of the switch head to the damping resistor RD may be expedient, because then lower voltage peaks may be observed under certain circumstances.
  • This can be achieved through the axially adjustable mounting of the contact pieces.
  • the axial distance between the laggingly closed contact piece pair can be larger by approximately 1.5 mm be than that of the other pair of contacts on the same side of the switch head.
  • a grounding switch according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention which has only one working position in which it is to simultaneously ground a possibly larger number n of atomizers Z1 ... Zn, is shown schematically in FIG. 5.
  • the switching head 50 of this switch as in the first exemplary embodiment linearly preferably driven by a pneumatic piston-cylinder unit via its actuating rod 56, is isolated in its rest position from the atomizers Z1 ... Zn and, as shown, also from the grounded fixed contact piece c.
  • This switch is not connected to a high voltage source such as HV in FIG. 1.
  • the switch head 50 has on one side n contact pieces b ⁇ 1 ... b ⁇ n, each of which faces a fixed contact piece b1 ...
  • the switch head has on the same side a contact piece c ⁇ facing the grounded contact piece c, which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to all contact pieces b ⁇ 1 ... b ⁇ n via a damping resistor RD ... RDn. If the switching head 50 is moved into its upper working position in FIG. 5 and the contact pieces of the respective pairs come into engagement, all atomizers are simultaneously grounded via their damping resistors and via the contact pieces c, c..
  • the switch head with its contact pieces b ⁇ 1 to b ⁇ n could also be permanently grounded, ie the contact pieces c and c ⁇ could be replaced by a permanent connection.
  • the switch head with its contact pieces b ⁇ 1 to b ⁇ n could also be permanently grounded, ie the contact pieces c and c ⁇ could be replaced by a permanent connection.
  • a single common resistor could be connected to the grounding circuit.
  • Another possibility is to switch a damping resistor within the switch into the fixed circuits of the contact pieces b1 ... bn instead of arranging them in the switch head 50.
  • FIG. 6 shows a section through a switch with a cylindrical housing 60 in a plane containing its vertical central axis.
  • the housing 60 is preferably filled with insulating oil.
  • the switch head 50 Movable along the central axis in the housing 60 is the switch head 50, which here consists essentially of two vertically spaced circular ring bodies 51, 52 made of insulating material, for example connected by integrally molded spokes 53 to a central hub-like support axis 54.
  • On the upper ring body 51 are expediently distributed around the circumference of the switching head at uniform angular intervals, the n contact pieces b ⁇ 1 etc. according to FIG. 5 and the contact piece c ⁇ .
  • n 5 contact pieces are provided for atomizers to be grounded, of which only three contact pieces b ⁇ 1, b ⁇ 2 and b ⁇ 3 are visible in FIG. 6 in addition to the contact piece c ⁇ .
  • the damping resistors RD1 ... RDn assigned to the contact pieces b ⁇ 1 ... b ⁇ 5 and conductively connected to them are mounted vertically between the two ring bodies 51, 52 in the manner shown, in each case in the vicinity of their associated contact piece. Between the resistors, the ring bodies 51, 52 can be secured by vertical reinforcing bolts 55 be connected.
  • the lower ring body 52 carries electrical conductors 58, which conductively connect the lower poles of the damping resistors RD1 ... RD5 to one another and to the contact piece c ⁇ .
  • the hub-like support shaft 54 of the switching head 50 is screwed or otherwise connected to the lower end of the actuating rod 56 of a pneumatic (or hydraulic) piston-cylinder unit 67 mounted on a cover 62 of the housing 60.
  • the cylinder of the unit 67 contains a helical spring which, by pushing or pulling on the rod 56, prestresses the switch head 50 into its upper (dashed) working position, so that if the pneumatic control fails, all atomizers are automatically grounded.
  • For vertical guidance of the switching head 50 moved by the unit 67 for example two guide rods can be inserted into the housing, of which only one guide rod 64 is visible in FIG. 6, and which expediently has corresponding recesses 63 (FIG.
  • Annular bodies 51, 52 are in sliding engagement.
  • the guide rods 64 can be attached to the top of the cover 62 and connected below by a cross strut 65.
  • the vertical guide rails of the switch head with the cover of the switch housing can be removed from the housing.
  • the fixed mating contact pieces b1 to b5 and the grounded fixed contact piece c are also arranged. Sealing bushings 68 and 69 connect these contact pieces to high-voltage cables leading to the atomizers Z1 to Zn (FIG. 5) or, in the case of contact piece c, to a grounding terminal 70.
  • contact piece pairs consisting of contact fingers and contact “tulips” as in the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • all contact fingers are arranged in the same direction and expediently also in the same horizontal plane, from apart from the somewhat larger axial distance between the contact pieces c, c ⁇ for correspondingly lagging earth contact.
  • the tulip-like contact pieces can be arranged in outer shielding sleeves 71, which are formed on the bushings 68, 69.
  • all parts of the switch located in the housing 60 are fastened to the cover 62 and can be removed therefrom from the housing 60.
  • FIG. 7 shows a section through FIG. 6 along the plane EF ( if the contact pieces b1 etc. are omitted).
  • the axial, e.g. round guide rods 64 and the cross strut 65 can be seen better here.
  • the switches according to the exemplary embodiments described here are distinguished by a compact, mechanically and electrically reliable design. No flexible or movable conductors are required, and the existing conductors can easily be made with sufficient strength and the required cross sections.
  • resistance elements arranged in their insulating medium can be commercially available components which have internal cavities, in particular can be hollow cylindrical. Occasional voltage flashovers on the resistors were observed during operation of the switches, which can be explained by breakdowns in the empty interior of the resistance elements. For this reason, it is expedient to provide the walls of such resistance elements with holes through which they can fill with the oil or other insulating medium of the switch, so that voltage flashovers no longer occur.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
EP87103816A 1986-03-20 1987-03-17 Interrupteur électrique haute tension pour mise à la terre d'un appareillage de revêtement électrostatique Withdrawn EP0238029A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863609509 DE3609509A1 (de) 1986-03-20 1986-03-20 Elektrischer hochspannungsschalter zum erden insbesondere eines elektrostatischen beschichtungssystems
DE3609509 1986-03-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0238029A2 true EP0238029A2 (fr) 1987-09-23
EP0238029A3 EP0238029A3 (fr) 1990-01-17

Family

ID=6296905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87103816A Withdrawn EP0238029A3 (fr) 1986-03-20 1987-03-17 Interrupteur électrique haute tension pour mise à la terre d'un appareillage de revêtement électrostatique

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EP (1) EP0238029A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3609509A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3929808A1 (de) * 1989-09-07 1991-03-21 Gema Ransburg Ag Automatische erdungseinrichtung einer elektrostatischen spruehbeschichtungsanlage
DE4240328C2 (de) * 1992-12-01 1996-06-05 Itw Oberflaechentechnik Gmbh Elektrostatische Sprühbeschichtungsvorrichtung für elektrisch leitfähige, nicht brennbare Beschichtungsflüssigkeit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2959353A (en) * 1954-10-04 1960-11-08 Gen Motors Corp Electrostatic charger apparatus
DE1937158A1 (de) * 1969-07-22 1971-02-11 Arnim Schimmer Schaltvorrichtung zur Versorgung mit Hochspannung
FR2060864A5 (fr) * 1970-07-01 1971-06-18 Inst Prueffeld Elekt
CH519233A (de) * 1969-11-03 1972-02-15 Festo Maschf Stoll G Elektrisches Schaltgerät, insbesondere Schaltschütz
FR2328313A1 (fr) * 1975-10-13 1977-05-13 Cem Comp Electro Mec Ensemble interrupteur et sectionneur de terre, notamment pour cellule prefabriquee d'un poste de distribution publique a moyenne tension.
DE2805728A1 (de) * 1978-02-08 1979-08-09 Siemens Ag Druckgasisoliertes, dreiphasig gekapseltes hochspannungsschaltgeraet

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE431038A (fr) * 1937-11-10
FR1562925A (fr) * 1968-01-15 1969-04-11
DE3111246A1 (de) * 1981-03-21 1982-10-07 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim "schnellerder"
FR2507835A1 (fr) * 1981-06-16 1982-12-17 Merlin Gerin Cellule blindee a isolement gazeux pour poste electrique a moyenne tension
DE3216311A1 (de) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-03 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Hydraulische betaetigungsvorrichtung fuer elektrische hochspannungs-leistungsschalter
FR2548442A1 (fr) * 1983-06-16 1985-01-04 Micro Mega Sa Pneumo-contact pour la commande de l'alimentation electrique d'une ampoule eclairant un faisceau de fibres optiques
JPS6113515A (ja) * 1984-06-28 1986-01-21 三菱電機株式会社 抵抗付接地開閉器

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2959353A (en) * 1954-10-04 1960-11-08 Gen Motors Corp Electrostatic charger apparatus
DE1937158A1 (de) * 1969-07-22 1971-02-11 Arnim Schimmer Schaltvorrichtung zur Versorgung mit Hochspannung
CH519233A (de) * 1969-11-03 1972-02-15 Festo Maschf Stoll G Elektrisches Schaltgerät, insbesondere Schaltschütz
FR2060864A5 (fr) * 1970-07-01 1971-06-18 Inst Prueffeld Elekt
FR2328313A1 (fr) * 1975-10-13 1977-05-13 Cem Comp Electro Mec Ensemble interrupteur et sectionneur de terre, notamment pour cellule prefabriquee d'un poste de distribution publique a moyenne tension.
DE2805728A1 (de) * 1978-02-08 1979-08-09 Siemens Ag Druckgasisoliertes, dreiphasig gekapseltes hochspannungsschaltgeraet

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Publication number Publication date
DE3609509A1 (de) 1987-09-24
EP0238029A3 (fr) 1990-01-17

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