Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
  • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
  • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
  • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
  • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
  • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
  • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
  • B27D1/083—Presses specially designed for making the manufacture of shaped plywood articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C51/28—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for applying pressure through the wall of an inflated bag or diaphragm
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
  • B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
  • B29C63/16—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material applied by "rubber" bag or diaphragm
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
  • B30B1/10—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by toggle mechanism
  • B30B1/103—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by toggle mechanism operated by screw means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
  • B30B5/02—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C43/10—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies
  • B29C43/12—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies using bags surrounding the moulding material or using membranes contacting the moulding material

Definitions

• the object of the invention is a method which enables one to glue bent laminated plates in a new way.
• the bent laminated plates are herein defined as plates glued to a new bent or curved shape from originally straight layers. These plates are for example seat plates of chairs glued from veneers and shaped according to the human body.
• Previously known and generally used methods to produce bent laminated plates have been to press and glue plates to the desired shape between two rigid mold halves using the normal system of hydraulic cylinders to produce a pressing force. Between mold halves an intermediate sheet made from some elastic material, normally rubber, lias, been used to eliminate the influence of minor shape errors and to make glueing pressure even.
• Previously known glueing procedures have several disadvantages. Most harmful is the fact that they cannot be used in production of such kinds of bent plates which have some part of the profile parallel to the pressing direction.
• One of the other disadvantages when using older methods in glueing is that only the average glueing pressure is known.
• the real pressure distribution on surface to be glued id unknown and normally surfaces perpendicular to the direction of the pressing force are exposed to greater pressure than surface parts diagonal to the direction of the pressing force. This has an unfavourable effect on the quality of the product and it causes extra loading to the primary structure of the tooling system.
• the glueing force must be chosen according to that part of surface which is exposed to the smallest amount of pressure. Further disadvantages have been difficulties in adjustment of the glueing pressure. Because the pressure distribution is not known and difficulties in heat transmission through the elastic sheet to the surface to be glued when the use of such heat is necessary. Another disadvantage is increasing the spot, forces needed to achieve a required glueing pressure when glueing large surfaces) this leads to the increased cost of the hydraulic components needed for the tooling system.
• Characteristic to this invention is the fact that in the glueing method you can find two clearly separate phases, both of them having separate structural parts in the mold system used in this method. The bending of the layers to be glued close to the desired shape and the actual glueing is performed separately using separate structural parts and separate sources of force.
• the most important advantage offered by this invention is that when using the new method you can produce such kinds of laminated sheets which have some part or parts of sheet parallel to the direction of the pressing force.
• the new method enables the use of a constant accurately controlled glueing pressure and temperature which indisputably improves the consistent quality of the product.
• the main characteristics of the invention are described in claim 1.
• the method mentioned in this application is demonstrated in the enclosed drawings by a mold system using the method. Also one commonly used 'old' method is included in the drawings in order to make clear the main differences.
• Figure 1 shows a cross section of the commonly used mold system where straight, with glue treated layers 2 are to be pressed to completed product 1 using mold halves 3 and 5 actuated by spot forces F. Intermediate elastic sheet 4 evens the pressure.
• the angle A can not be smaller than 4...5 degrees. The smaller the angle A is the worse the sides are "exposed to pressure".
• Figure 2 presents.as a cross section an example of one tooling system using the method mentioned in this application, especially the first phase of the glueing process.
• Figure 3 presents a cross section of the same type of mold when the bending phase has been completed.
• Figure 4 is a cross section of the same mold when the glueing pressure has been "switched on”.
• Figure 5 shows as a side view an example of one supporting frame type and mold attitude when straight sheets to be glued have been put to their places.
• Figure 6 shows as a side view the same frame when the bending phase has been completed and the glueing pressure can be or has been "switched on".
• Glue treated straight sheets 8 have been put on the stationary mold half 13 to glueing position in order to make product 6.
• the structure of stationary mold half consists of perforated sheet 12, glueing membrane 11, gaskets 10 and gasket tighteners 9. Hole diameters D of perforated sheet 12 do not need to be constant along the width of perforated sheet. By variation of diameters D you can adjust the sequence of pressure influence as desired.
• Both mold halves are filled with liquid. Liquid of upper movable mold half is used to heat the mold and liquid of cower stationary mold half to heat and pressurize the mold. Steel is the most convenient material to make mold halves 7 and 13 and perforated sheet 12 too.
• Membrane 11 can be for instance a thin brass sheet or some other suitable metal membrane provided that the width of membrane between gaskets 10 is the same one in both working phases described in figures 3 and 4. This situation can be achieved by choosing correct shape to perforated shhet 12 compared with mold half 7. If some elastic membrane material is used, above mentioned shapes do not need to be dimensionally very accurate.
• First phase of the method bending, of layers is in this case performed by pushing the upper mold half 7 using for instance link mechanism 15 activated by threaded rod 16, against the lower mold half so that desired mutual position of mold has been reached and so that arms of mechanism 15 are "locked” as shown in the figure 6..
• the force G needed in this bending phase is only a part of force H caused by glueing pressure. During testing of mold system the ratio of forces G and H was measured to be about 1/20. Testing was made by glueing three veneers together to curved shape.
• Thickness of ready laminate was 3 mm .
• force G is small compared With force H enables the use of simple and cheap mechanism to perform the bending phase.
• glueing sheets 8 together is to be performed in this example by pressurizing the liquid in the stationary mold half 13 to desired pressure P 1 for instance using low pressure hydraulic pump. If heat is needed in glueing procedure, pressurizing liquid can be heated to desired temperature electrically.
• the additional force H is in this example carried by link mechanism 15 and frame structure 14.
• the two phase glueing method can be used to several purposes, especially when the plate to be produced has some parts of surface parallel to pressing force H. From several possibilities to use the method following ones should be mentioned: production of curved plywood sheets, production of bent plates by glueing resin-based sheets together and manufacturing of curved resin-wood laminates.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1985
  • 1985-08-14 FI FI853109A patent/FI74239C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1986
  • 1986-08-13 WO PCT/FI1986/000088 patent/WO1987001072A1/en unknown
  • 1986-08-13 EP EP86905297A patent/EP0232400A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-08-13 AU AU62850/86A patent/AU6285086A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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