EP0224128B1 - Pains détergents à plusieurs couches pour le lavage de la vaisselle en machine - Google Patents

Pains détergents à plusieurs couches pour le lavage de la vaisselle en machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0224128B1
EP0224128B1 EP86115738A EP86115738A EP0224128B1 EP 0224128 B1 EP0224128 B1 EP 0224128B1 EP 86115738 A EP86115738 A EP 86115738A EP 86115738 A EP86115738 A EP 86115738A EP 0224128 B1 EP0224128 B1 EP 0224128B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
tablets
weight
detergent
detergent tablets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86115738A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0224128A3 (en
EP0224128A2 (fr
Inventor
Hans Kruse
Jochen Dr. Jacobs
Theodor Dr. Altenschöpfer
Peter Dr. Jeschke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority to AT86115738T priority Critical patent/ATE60354T1/de
Publication of EP0224128A2 publication Critical patent/EP0224128A2/fr
Publication of EP0224128A3 publication Critical patent/EP0224128A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0224128B1 publication Critical patent/EP0224128B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
    • C11D3/3955—Organic bleaching agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073—Tablets
    • C11D17/0078—Multilayered tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/08—Silicates

Definitions

  • Machine dishwashing generally consists of a pre-rinse cycle, a cleaning cycle, one or more intermediate rinse cycles, a rinse cycle and a drying cycle. This applies to machine washing in the home as well as in business.
  • HGSM HGSM
  • the pre-clearing zone corresponds in principle to the pre-rinse cycle of an HGSM.
  • the cleaning agent added to the cleaning zone is used in the so-called pre-clearing zone to support, pre-clean the surfaces to be cleaned from the adhering food residues.
  • GGSM in which the pre-clearing zone is only operated with fresh water, but a pre-clearing zone with cleaning agent solution is more effective than pre-clearing with fresh water alone.
  • One or more tablets can be dosed, for example, in a free part of the cutlery basket, but also elsewhere in the machine.
  • tablet-shaped cleaning agents are adequately described in the patent literature.
  • DE-OS 16 17 088 tablets for automatic dishwashing which are obtained by pressing a powdery mixture of sodium silicate with a ratio of Na2O: SiO2 such as 1: 3.25 to 2: 1 and a water content of 0 to 20% , polymeric alkali metal phosphates, active chlorine compounds, low-foaming non-ionic surfactants compatible with the active chlorine compounds, fillers such as alkali metal carbonates, chlorides or sulfates, white paraffin oil and tablet binders, which are said to be stable in storage and transportation.
  • Such tablets are also known from DE-OS 28 57 001 which contain essentially the same constituents, however should have a particularly high level of alkalinity, which can be achieved, inter alia, by adding alkali metal hydroxide.
  • a high level of alkalinity is unsuitable for the use of the agents in the household because improper handling of the agents can lead to skin irritation and can also damage the decor.
  • the present invention was therefore based on the object of providing multilayer, in particular two-layer detergent tablets, the first layer of which cools due to the inlet Tap water largely dissolves in the pre-rinse cycle of the HGSM and there develops the highest possible alkalinity in combination with a good network effect.
  • a second layer should correspond to the current detergent formulations for automatic dishwashing in the usual way and should therefore be equipped with an active chlorine carrier. At most, it should be slightly dissolved by the cold tap water in the pre-rinse cycle, but should dissolve completely in the HGSM wash cycle.
  • the invention thus relates to multilayer, in particular two-layer detergent tablets for machine dishwashing, containing alkali metasilicates and pentaalkalitriphosphates, active chlorine compounds, tabletting aids and, if appropriate, low-foaming nonionic surfactants, which are characterized in that they contain alkali metal silicate bisonahydrate and preferably 7 in a first, cold water-soluble layer up to 18% by weight of pentalkaliphosphate containing water of crystallization in a ratio of 0: 1 to 1: 0, preferably 0.35: 1 to 1: 1, based on the anhydrous substances, and optionally low-foaming nonionic surfactants and in a second, at increasing temperatures fast-dissolving layer, alkali metasilicate and pentaalkali metal phosphate, each preferably anhydrous, in a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 1 to 1.7: 1, based on anhydrous substances, and compounds containing active chlorine n included.
  • the alkali metal silicate used in the second layer is preferably the anhydrous product.
  • a mixture of anhydrous metasilicate and its nonahydrate in a weight ratio of at most 1.2: 1 can also be used.
  • the dissolving or disintegrating properties were determined of compressed detergent mixtures, in order to subsequently obtain a multilayer tablet with the desired dissolution profile by combining a composition which is readily soluble in cold water with a composition which is only soluble at increasing temperatures.
  • the desired dissolution profile of a two-layer tablet is to be understood as an almost complete dissolution of the 1st layer with a slight detachment of the 2nd layer in the pre-rinse cycle and a rapid and complete detachment of the remaining tablet in the cleaning cycle of all commercially available HGSMs with rising water temperatures.
  • the tablets Lying on a sieve with a mesh size of 2 mm, the tablets were moved up and down in water at 20 ° C. in such a way that they were at the highest point with the base just at the level of the water surface.
  • the amount of water was 800 g, the number of strokes was 25 per minute.
  • the time required for the disintegration or dissolution of the individual tablets was measured or, in the case of dissolution times of more than 5 minutes after 5 or 10 minutes, the residues remaining on the sieve were weighed out.
  • the wetting of the surfaces to be cleaned by the alkaline detergent components in the pre-rinse cycle can be improved by adding surfactants.
  • Surfactants are usually incompatible with active chlorine-releasing compounds. However, their simultaneous use in a two-layer tablet without impairing the chlorine carrier is possible if the two compounds are separated from each other in a different layer. If used, the proportion of surfactant in the layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle is 0.5 to 10, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the pre-rinse cycle layer.
  • Suitable surfactant components are the known low-foaming nonionic surfactants, such as the ethoxylation products of long-chain alcohols and alkylphenols, where the free hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene glycol ether residue can be substituted by ether or acetal groups or by polypropylene glycol ether residues to reduce the tendency to foam.
  • the block polymers of ethylene oxide with polypropylene oxide are also suitable.
  • the preferred tabletting aid is 0.5 to 2.5, preferably 1 to 2% by weight of calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate (to reduce segregation) and 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3% by weight of sodium acetate, anhydrous (to prevent sticking) Tool parts) used. .
  • the proportions of these tabletting aids which are safe from an application point of view with regard to cleaning performance, can be varied beyond the ranges mentioned in order to obtain a recipe to be able to optimally press door variants.
  • the sodium acetate content also affects the solubility of the tablet. Higher amounts of sodium acetate lead to improved solubility in cold water in the pre-rinse cycle.
  • a further improvement in solubility can also be achieved by adding other water-soluble salts such as. B. sodium chloride can be achieved, but is usually not necessary with the appropriate choice of starting materials.
  • Other usual tableting aids such as. B. lubricants to improve the compressibility (z. B. stearates, talc, glycerides, etc.), disintegrants (z. B. cellulose derivatives, attapulgite (Mg-Al-silicate) etc.) and other auxiliaries can be used in principle, they are undesirable from an application technology point of view and also burden the formulation (costs and additional inert fillers).
  • These otherwise customary aids can be dispensed with in the production of tablets according to the present invention.
  • the compressed, colored raw materials can be less soluble than compressed, uncolored raw materials.
  • Staining of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate had the least influence on solubility. You can dissolve or suspend the dye in the surfactant and spray it together with the nonahydrate, e.g. B. in a Lödige mixer. An aqueous dye solution can also be introduced with simultaneous drying using a fluidized bed process. The colored nonahydrate is then optionally mixed with other components and, after compression, leads to a uniformly colored tablet layer. For aesthetic reasons For reasons, the tablets can also be pressed in colored layers.
  • Tablets consisting of a mixture of anhydrous sodium metasilicate with a grain size of less than 0.8 mm and anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate are suitable for the cleaning cycle in the HGSM, whereby the dissolution profile of the tablets can be influenced by adding sodium metasilicate nonahydrate.
  • the compressibility of raw material mixtures containing almost anhydrous sodium metasilicate depends on the particle size distribution. With a fine grain fraction (less than 0.8 mm), good tabletting properties of the raw material mixture are obtained, while dust (less than 0.2 mm) and unscreened material (20 to 100% larger than 0.8 mm) lead to mixtures that are difficult to tablet .
  • completely anhydrous metasilicates e.g. manufactured after a sintering or melting process
  • the tablets are mechanically stable even after storage.
  • hydrothermally produced metasilicate with a residual moisture content of approx. 2% the grain size distribution did not play a decisive role. However, after the tablets had been stored under indoor climate conditions, the surface had weathered. Large tablets then also tend to crack. A residual moisture content of more than 2% in the metasilicate is therefore undesirable.
  • Metasilicates in anhydrous form and as nonahydrate and also the anhydrous triphosphate are preferred in the form of their Na trium salts used.
  • Their total amount in the mixture to be pressed for the cleaning cycle was 88 to 98, preferably 95 to 97% by weight.
  • Active chlorine carriers are also common components of cleaning agents for HGSM. Trichloroisocyanuric acid was preferred as the active chlorine carrier, but also other known solid compounds such as e.g. B. sodium dichloroisocyanurate, its dihydrate and potassium dichloroisocyanurate can be used in the marketable form without impairing the tablettability. Their amounts are generally 0.5 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, based on the total tableting mixture.
  • tabletting aids are added to the cleaning aisle tablet layer as described for the pre-rinse layer, the amounts of which can also be varied.
  • Customary chlorine-stable dyes and fragrances can also be added to the tableting mixtures for the cleaning cycle.
  • Tablets are pressed in two layers on rotary presses that are equipped with two dosing and two pressing stations (e.g. Fette / Perfecta 3002, Fette / P3, Kilian / RU-ZS).
  • the first dosing station contains the mixture of the detergent layer, which is smaller in mass, generally for the pre-rinse cycle. It is used to fill in the rotating Matrices located matrices. This material is pre-compressed at the first press station. Subsequently, at the second dosing station, the pre-pressed 1st layer is overlaid with the second detergent mixture, which is then intended for the cleaning cycle.
  • the two-layer tablet is pressed at the second pressing station and then pushed out of the die with the lower punch.
  • the detergent layer for the pre-rinse cycle which was smaller in mass, was filled into the die of the press and pre-compressed.
  • the upper punch was pulled out of the die by turning the handwheel backwards.
  • the detergent layer intended for the cleaning cycle was filled into the die and, together with the pre-rinse cycle cleaning layer already present, pressed into the tablet with the flexural strength required for the desired dissolution profile. Examples of the compacts obtained in this way and their properties are listed in Table 2.
  • the layer intended for the pre-rinse cycle was referred to in the table as layer 1 and the layer provided for the cleaning cycle as layer 2.
  • the compression can be done with die lubrication, with usual lubricants such as. B. paraffin oil, almond oil or water or aqueous solutions can be used.
  • lubrication was carried out directly through holes in the die, by spraying the lower punch or by means of felt rings soaked in lubricant on the lower punch. Lubrication may also be dispensed with in the case of raw material mixtures with particularly favorable pressing properties.
  • the pressing conditions were optimized with regard to the setting of the desired dissolution profile with sufficient tablet hardness.
  • the flexural strength served as a measure of the tablet hardness (method: cf. Ritschel, "Die Tablette", C. Contor, 1966, page 313). Tablets with a flexural strength greater than 117/6798 N (12 kp), preferably greater than 147.09975 N (15 kp), were sufficiently stable under simulated transport conditions.
  • Corresponding tablet hardnesses were at pressing pressures from 4905 .104 up to 49050. 104 Pa (500 up to 5000 kp / cm2), preferably 9810. 104 to 14715. 104 Pa (1000 to 1500 kp / cm2) reached. Higher pressures reduce the release speed. Differences in solubility in the case of different compositions can be compensated for to a limited extent by the choice of the pressing pressure (compare Table 2 / Examples 3 and 4).
  • the specific weight of the tablets differs in the layers due to the recipe; it is between 1 and 2 g / cm3, preferably between 1.2 and 1.4 g / cm3 for the pre-wash detergent layer and preferably between 1.4 and 1.7 g / cm3 for the main wash detergent layer.
  • the specific weight of the total compact is preferably between 1.35 and 1.55 g / cm3.
  • the shape of the tablet can also influence the dissolution rate via the outer surface exposed to the H2O attack. For reasons of stability, compacts with a diameter to height ratio of 0.6 to 1.5: 1, preferably 1: 1, were produced.
  • the weight of the single tablet can be varied within technically reasonable limits. Depending on the size of the tablets, 1, 2 or more are used. Tablets of 20 to 30 g in weight are preferred, two of which must be used. Larger tablets are generally more sensitive to breakage and, moreover, can be compressed at a lower speed, which leads to a loss in performance in their manufacture. In the case of smaller tablets, the handling advantage compared to powdered cleaning agents (simple dosing) would be reduced.
  • the two cleaning agent mixtures were first prepared in a conventional mixer (Lödige, Forberg), with layer 1 (for the pre-rinse cycle) spraying the nonahydrate with the nonionic containing the alizarin brilliant, pure blue, GLW before mixing.
  • the mixture was pressed on an eccentric press from Fette, type "Exacta 31" with pressing tools which are equipped with Vulkolan were coated.
  • the lower punch of the press was first moved into the lowest point of the die and the mixture of layer 1 was poured into the die. Now the top punch was inserted into the bore of the die by actuating the handwheel so that the filled material was pre-compressed from 8.2 mm fill height to 6 mm. By turning the handwheel backwards, the upper punch was pulled out of the die without the pre-compressed mass being expelled through the lower punch.
  • the mixture of layer 2 was then overlaid in the die. Depending on the density of the mixture of 0.89 g / cm3, the filling height of the second layer was 21.8 mm.
  • the tablet After changing the immersion depth (by changing the eccentric setting), the tablet was pressed mechanically to a height of 17.3 mm.
  • the compression ratio of the total tablet was 1: 1.73.
  • the pressing pressure required for pressing was 13734. 104 Pa (1400 kp / cm2).
  • the tablets obtained had a flexural strength greater than 147.09975 N (15 kp).
  • Layer 1 was almost completely replaced after the pre-wash program. After the cleaning cycle, the tablet was completely dissolved. No cracks in the tablet or weathering of the surface were found after storage.
  • the multi-layer detergent tablets can be opened into one before the start of the pre-rinse cycle Zone which exposes the tablets to the dissolving power of the tap water flow, e.g. B. in the cutlery basket of a household dishwasher, and the automatically controlled cleaning process can be started.
  • the invention therefore also relates to the use of the multilayer detergent tablets for cleaning dishes in automatic household dishwashers, which is characterized in that the tablets are opened in the machine even before the start of the pre-wash cycle in a zone which exposes the tablets to the dissolving power of the tap water inflow of the pre-wash cycle , for example by placing it in the cutlery basket, and then initiating the automatically controlled cleaning process.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Comprimés d'agent nettoyant à plusieurs couches, en particulier à deux couches, pour le lavage de la vaisselle en machine, qui renferment des métasilicates de métaux alcalins, des triphosphates penta-alcalins, des composés de chlore actif, des agents auxiliaires de formage en comprimé et, le cas échéant, des tensioactifs non ioniques peu moussants, caractérisés en ce qu'ils renferment dans une première couche, soluble dans l'eau froide, du nonahydrate de métasilicate de métal alcalin et de triphosphate penta -alcalin contenant 7 à 22,4, de préférence 15 à 18% en poids de l' eau de cristallisation, dans de pro­portions allant de 0: 1 a 1: 0, de préférence allant de 0,35: 1 à 1: 1 (ces valeurs concernant des substances à l'état anhydre) et, le cas échéant, des tensioactifs non ioniques peu moussants, et en ce qu'ils comportent, dans une deuxième couche se dissolvant rapidement avec l'élévation de la température, du métasilicate de métal alcalin et du triphosphate penta-alcalin, de préférence tous deux anhydres, dans un rapport pondéral compris dans l'intervalle de 2: 1 à 1: 2, de préférence allant de 1: 1 à 1, 7: 1 (ces valeurs concernant des substances à l'état anhydre), ainsi que des composés libérant du chlore actif.
2. Agent nettoyant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première couche contient 0,5 à 10, de préférence 1 à 5% en poids de tensioactifs non ioniques peu moussants
3. Agent nettoyant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première couche est colorée.
4. Agent nettoyant selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le nonahydrate de métasilicate de métal alcalin est coloré.
5. Agent nettoyant selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le nonahydrate de métasilicate de métal alcalin est coloré par un tensioactif non ionique peu moussant contenant des colorants.
6. Agent nettoyant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le métasilicate de métal alcalin anhydre de la seconde couche est mélangé avec son nonahydrate dans un rapport pondéral s'élevant au maximum à 1,2: 1.
7. Mise en oeuvre des comprimés d'agent nettoyant à plusieurs couches selon les revendications 1 à 6 pour le lavage de la vaisselle dans des lave-vaisselles domestiques automatiques, caractérisée en ce que l'on dispose les comprimés à découvert dans la machine dès avant le début du prélavage dans une zone qui expose les comprimés à la force de dissolution du courant d'eau de distribution froide et en ce que l'on déclenche ensuite le processus de lavage automatique.
EP86115738A 1985-11-21 1986-11-12 Pains détergents à plusieurs couches pour le lavage de la vaisselle en machine Expired - Lifetime EP0224128B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86115738T ATE60354T1 (de) 1985-11-21 1986-11-12 Mehrschichtige reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3541146 1985-11-21
DE19853541146 DE3541146A1 (de) 1985-11-21 1985-11-21 Mehrschichtige reinigungsmitteltabletten fuer das maschinelle geschirrspuelen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0224128A2 EP0224128A2 (fr) 1987-06-03
EP0224128A3 EP0224128A3 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0224128B1 true EP0224128B1 (fr) 1991-01-23

Family

ID=6286454

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86115738A Expired - Lifetime EP0224128B1 (fr) 1985-11-21 1986-11-12 Pains détergents à plusieurs couches pour le lavage de la vaisselle en machine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4828749A (fr)
EP (1) EP0224128B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62129395A (fr)
AT (1) ATE60354T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1277889C (fr)
DE (2) DE3541146A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62129395A (ja) 1987-06-11
DE3677154D1 (de) 1991-02-28
ATE60354T1 (de) 1991-02-15
EP0224128A3 (en) 1988-03-09
CA1277889C (fr) 1990-12-18
DE3541146A1 (de) 1987-05-27
EP0224128A2 (fr) 1987-06-03
US4828749A (en) 1989-05-09

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