EP0223691A1 - Forced-draft gas burner - Google Patents

Forced-draft gas burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223691A1
EP0223691A1 EP86402467A EP86402467A EP0223691A1 EP 0223691 A1 EP0223691 A1 EP 0223691A1 EP 86402467 A EP86402467 A EP 86402467A EP 86402467 A EP86402467 A EP 86402467A EP 0223691 A1 EP0223691 A1 EP 0223691A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
burner
premix
burner according
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86402467A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0223691B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Grochowski
Alain Meslif
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
Original Assignee
Gaz de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz de France SA filed Critical Gaz de France SA
Priority to AT86402467T priority Critical patent/ATE43700T1/en
Publication of EP0223691A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223691A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0223691B1 publication Critical patent/EP0223691B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/34—Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/126—Radiant burners cooperating with refractory wall surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas burner of the type comprising a supply of blown air and a supply of combustible gas supplying a premix chamber opening onto at least one ceramic plate at the level of which combustion takes place.
  • ceramic plate burners are known, in particular used to heat large free volumes such as, for example, hangars or large rooms. These burners generally operate in the open air and are not intended for use in pressurized fireplaces. Also known are ceramic plate burners that can be used in combustion chambers of industrial gas burners. In this case, the air admitted into the burner is completely used for combustion and mixed, for this purpose, with a combustible gas, which leads to certain disadvantages.
  • the increase in pressure which appears during ignition tends to cause the reduction in the air flow and to cause the flame to oscillate on the wafer, which results in a noticeable instability causing disturbances in the operation of the burner.
  • this phenomenon causes the appearance of noises during ignition, these noises developing in the pressurized combustion chamber and often continuing in steady state.
  • burners of the blown air and premix type with air bypass comprising a flame attachment grid.
  • This technique provides relatively quiet and stable combustion.
  • this type of burner is relatively bulky and is not suitable for use in combustion chambers of small dimensions, in cooperation with exchangers with high pressure drops.
  • the ceramic plate resists, by its structure, at a high temperature, and allows combustion with a very drawn-in flame, such an operation cannot be envisaged on a grate burner without, on the one hand, deterioration thereof, and, on the other hand, flashbacks in the burner.
  • the air intake in addition to the aforementioned supply of primary combustion air to the premix chamber, feeds at least one secondary air circuit taken in parallel on said intake circuit. air and opening substantially at the surface of said plate through which escape the products of combustion.
  • the overpressure generated during the ignition of the burner at the surface of said plate through which the products of combustion escape is transmitted via the secondary air circuit to the premix chamber.
  • This flame stability offers the possibility of maintaining, permanently, whatever the supply conditions, the very "re-entrant" flame in the wafer, and, thus, designing more compact exchangers receiving a large proportion of the power by radiation, thus minimizing the exchange surface by convection.
  • the gas mixture is richer in combustible gas, resulting in better flame attachment allowing a higher charge rate (power per cm2 of wafer) and therefore increased flexibility.
  • said secondary air circuit is in contact at least in part with a wall of said premix chamber by being channeled into a chamber between its entry therein and its exit at said wafer .
  • the burner comprises several ceramic plates, formed in stacks, between which are formed intermediate spaces communicating with said premix chamber and through which the gas mixture flows, the plate stack top forming a blanking plate for the premix chamber.
  • a flame of reduced diameter is thus obtained, resulting in a reduction in the diameter of the combustion chamber and an improved compactness, in particular as regards the design of the exchangers.
  • the burner 1 comprises a premix chamber 3 supplied with blown air 5 and combustible gas 6 and opening onto at least one ceramic plate 4.
  • the chamber 2, in which the secondary air circulates, extends substantially over the entire height of the premix chamber 3.
  • the secondary air circuit is in contact with, or bathes, a wall 30 of the premix chamber 3 and is channeled into the chamber 2 between its intake 21 and its discharge 22 at the level of the wafer 4.
  • the communication orifices between the chamber 2 and the premix chamber 3 are formed towards the base of the chamber 3 in the wall of the latter. These orifices can, for example, be 4 in number, and can be distributed, substantially regularly over the periphery of the wall 30.
  • the supply of premix chamber 3 with combustible gas can be carried out, for example , through calibrated holes 61 which communicate with the gas inlet duct 6. It should be noted that, in order to obtain the desired dosage of fuel gas / primary combustion air, the diameter and the number are adapted, respectively orifices 61 and 15. Referring now to a more partial manner In Figure 1, we note that the chamber 2 substantially annularly surrounds the premix chamber 3.
  • the wall 30 limiting the premix chamber 3 forms a substantially cylindrical tube which widens in the direction of flow of the mixture, that is to say towards the ceramic plate 4 on which said chamber 3 opens. It should be noted that under these conditions, the wall 30 forms a wall common to the premix chamber 3 and to the chamber 2, the latter being further limited by an outer enclosure 20 forming a cylindrical wall which, in the embodiment adopted in FIG. 1, extends beyond the ceramic plate 4 by forming an envelope 20a of a combustion chamber 8 of the burner 1.
  • the ceramic plate 4 is in the form of a single plate with a substantially circular section and extends transversely to the premix chamber 3, towards the top of the latter.
  • This plate 4 in which are formed, as known per se, discharge orifices 13 for the combustible gas mixture, is held integral with the wall 30 by means of a flange 7 fixed on said wall and extending, furthermore, substantially transversely to the preheating chamber 3 forming a flange 71.
  • the fixing of the flange 7 on the wall 30 may, for example, consist of riveting, screwing or even bonding. Care will be taken, depending on the method of attachment chosen, to provide a metallic material, such as for example steel or aluminum, and possibly an adhesive resistant to high temperatures.
  • calibrated holes 22 forming secondary air outlet orifices which, coming from the chamber 2 then opens into the combustion chamber 8.
  • the collar 71 comes to bear substantially against the wall 20 of chamber 2 which constitutes the external enclosure of the burner.
  • the essential elements constituting the burner 1 are arranged in the combustion chamber 8, the outer wall 20a of which is common to that 20 of the chamber 2.
  • the base of the burner is closed by a base 11 which fits on the end of the enclosure 20 and of the wall 30 towards which the combustible gas and the air are admitted.
  • a base 11 which fits on the end of the enclosure 20 and of the wall 30 towards which the combustible gas and the air are admitted.
  • the supply conduits 5 and 6 of the burner In this base are provided the supply conduits 5 and 6 of the burner. It can be provided that the base 11 slightly covers the base of the external wall of the burner, that is to say in this case the enclosure 20, towards its end 20b.
  • Seals 9 and 10 also provide sealing.
  • the seal 9 advantageously provides a substantially sealed support for the collar 71 on the outer enclosure 20. It is possible in particular to provide a ceramic seal sheathed with glass fibers, or any other seal resistant to high temperatures.
  • the seal 10 disposed towards the base 20b of the enclosure 20, at its junction with the base 11, isolates the chamber 2, avoiding any air leakage towards the outside of the burner.
  • This seal can be, for example, rubber or "Teflon” (registered trademark).
  • the premix chamber 3 can slide from a distance X, along the wall 20, so that the plate 4 comes to be placed substantially at the level of the base 20b of the enclosure 20, the support of the joint 9 being adapted to allow this sliding.
  • an elongated “air” box (not shown) is advantageously provided and arranged so as to act as chamber 2 and to channel the secondary air around the premix chamber 3, towards the flange 71.
  • FIG. 2 a variant of the burner presented in FIG. 1 can be seen, the essential constituent elements of which are organized and arranged in substantially the same way as those previously described.
  • the walls of the premix chamber 3 and of the chamber 2 are then in the form of bent sleeves, respectively 200 and 300, with substantially rectangular or square sections.
  • the burner 1 may include several ceramic plates 4, formed in a stack, between which are formed intermediate spaces 12 communicating with the premix chamber 3 and through which s flows the gas mixture from this chamber.
  • the stack top plate 14 forms a blanking plate for the premix chamber 3.
  • the secondary air circulating in the chamber 2 opens towards the base of the stack, on the side of the exterior surface 41 of said platelets.
  • each ceramic plate 4 forming the stack consists of a washer 40 of which at least one of the faces is grooved or crenellated.
  • the free space left by the various calibrated slots constitutes the aforementioned intermediate spaces and allows the gas mixture to flow.
  • the cohesion of the various plates can be ensured, in particular, by a partial nesting of one in the other, by forming, for example, an association of the tenon-mortise type.
  • the stack thus formed is advantageously disposed substantially parallel to the gas flow which flows from its inlet 5, 6 towards the plates 4, 14.
  • the washer stack 4 extends the premix chamber 3, the outlet orifices 22 for the secondary air being formed at the top of the chamber 2 and opening towards the base. from the stack.
  • the orifices 22 may be provided on a flange 71, as described above and which, in particular, maintains the base plate of the stack.
  • the chamber 2 surrounds the premix chamber 3, the latter extending up to the stack top plate 14.
  • the premix chamber 3 surrounds the chamber 2 and the stack of wafers 4, the crown washer 14 having a larger diameter than the other washers of the stack and coming, as described above, to close the top of the premix chamber.
  • the collar can in particular form a flange for fixing the base of the battery.
  • the burner of the invention presented in a number of non-limiting variants, operates as follows.
  • a fan 25 (fig. 2)
  • the primary air flow is mixed with the combustible gas coming from the duct 6 and flows in the premix chamber 3 towards the ceramic plate ( Figures 1 and 2) or towards the stack of plates ( Figures 3 and 4 ) where it is inflamed.
  • a plate deflector 16 can be arranged substantially transversely towards the base of the chamber 2.
  • the ignition of the burner and the checking of the proper functioning of its flame can be carried out, in particular, by electrodes 18, 19, respectively, of ignition and ionization which can be fixed on the flange 71 described above and are supplied under suitable high voltage (not shown).
  • the ignition electrode 180 extends, in the combustion chamber 8, near the surface 41 of the plate (s) through which the products of combustion escape.
  • combustion flames then develop in the orifices 13, or the intermediate spaces 12, in the direction of the combustion chamber 8.
  • the calibrated orifices 15 and 61 make it possible to obtain a mixture rich in combustible gas in the premix zone 3, which causes a flame which can be maintained in the wafer (s) and which develops in particular in the holes 13 ( Figures 1, 2) or the intermediate spaces 12 ( Figures 3, 4).
  • the secondary air injected at the surface 41 for evacuating the combustion products ends the combustion of the gas mixture.
  • this particular design makes it possible to offset the blowing area of the flame by making, for a nominal adjustment, the latter enter more significantly into the ceramic plate, without deteriorating the combustion conditions.
  • this configuration allows the admission of all combustible gases from the second family, as well as those of the third family. It will be noted that, for gases of the second family, the replacement of a gas of group H (high calorific value) by a gas of group L (low calorific value) or vice versa, at their respective supply pressure, does not require no intervention on the burner.
  • the burner of the invention in particular that shown in FIG. 1, or possibly that of FIG. 2, is suitable for ensuring, for example, the temperature rise of the enclosure of an oven or else of a beam exchanger of tubes or finned tubes.
  • the combustion products from the plate 4 advantageously open directly into said enclosure, or onto the heating body, the wall 20 of the chamber 2 ending at the level of the plate 4, forming an air box. of the burner.
  • This embodiment of the burner also allows it to be used to heat a fluid 26, for example water contained in a balloon 23 (fig.5). It is then advantageous to have a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1, in which the gases, brought to high temperature, emerge from the combustion chamber 8 in a channel forming a coil 24. The heating of the base of the balloon and, thanks to the coil which by circulating in contact with the fluid forms heat exchanger, one can recover the heat of condensation, while maintaining a quite interesting compactness.
  • a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1 delivers a nominal power of the order of 12 kW by offering a range of power adjustment ranging substantially from 6 to around kW, thus offering high operating flexibility.
  • the wafer which may be unique, can under these conditions have an area of approximately 50 to 60 cm2 and therefore a diameter of the order of 80 to 90 mm, which results in a power per unit area equal, on average, to about 0.2 kW / cm2.
  • the stack forms a "projection" on the burner and that, under these conditions, the combustion products escape directly towards the outside of the latter, in a combustion chamber.
  • This type of configuration is in particular intended to be adapted on cylindrical exchangers of low height in which can circulate, inside conduits 230, a cooling liquid, for example water; the fumes from combustion escaping at 220.
  • the premix chamber 3 surrounding the major part of the stack of ceramic wafers the combustion products first escape towards a combustion chamber 8 which s extends, at least in part, inside the burner enclosure.
  • the secondary air from the chamber 2 is injected at the base of the stack into the combustion chamber, towards the center of the burner.
  • This configuration variant is more particularly intended for combustion chambers, for example cylindrical and of reduced diameter. Under these conditions, ignition and checking for the presence of flames takes place inside the burner.
  • the orientation of the intermediate spaces 12 formed between the plates 4 forming cells can be such that said intermediate spaces are formed substantially perpendicularly (fig. 3) to the gas flow (air, combustible gas) circulating in the chambers 2 and 3 as shown by the arrows, or else be inclined towards the outside of the burner (FIG. 4) by forming an acute angle ⁇ with respect to the general direction of the gas flow.
  • the gases burned in the combustion chamber 8 are evacuated by orifices 260 formed in a grid 250, while being cooled, by exchange thermal, in contact with the tubes 240 in which circulates a cooling fluid, in particular water.
  • the ceramic plates offer a large emitting surface, the burner thus dissipating a large part of its power by radiation.
  • this particular design of the burner results in improved flame attachment, allowing a high wattage per cm2 and allowing increased flexibility.
  • the circulation of secondary air improves the flexibility of the burner with respect to pressures and limited powers. It is thus possible to use all the combustible gases of the second or third family, with an extended power range which can be situated substantially between 0.10 and 0.30 kW / cm2 of wafer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Abstract

A gas burner having a forced air intake and a combustible gas intake. A source of primary air also feeds secondary air to the combustion products at approximately the level of the surface of a plate through which combustion products escape.

Description

L'invention concerne un brûleur à gaz du type comprenant une admission d'air soufflé et une admission de gaz combustible alimentant une chambre de prémélange débouchant sur au moins une plaquette de céramique au niveau de laquelle s'effectue la combustion.The invention relates to a gas burner of the type comprising a supply of blown air and a supply of combustible gas supplying a premix chamber opening onto at least one ceramic plate at the level of which combustion takes place.

De nombreuses recherches ont été effectuées sur ce type de brûleur.Much research has been done on this type of burner.

On connaît, tout d'abord, des brûleurs à pla­quettes céramique notamment utilisées pour chauffer des volumes libres importants tels, par exemple, des hangars ou des salles de grandes dimensions. Ces brûleurs fonc­tionnent généralement à l'air libre et ne sont pas des­tinés à être employés en foyers pressurisés. On connaît aussi, des brûleurs à plaquettes céramique pouvant être utilisés dans des chambres de combustion de brûleurs à gaz industriels. Dans ce cas, l'air admis dans le brûleur est totalement utilisé pour la combustion et mélangé, à cet effet, avec un gaz combustible, ce qui entraîne des désavantages certains. En particulier, l'augmentation de pression qui apparaît lors de l'allumage a tendance à pro­voquer la diminution du débit d'air et à faire osciller la flamme sur la plaquette, ce qui se traduit par une insta­bilité notoire provoquant des perturbations de fonctionne­ment du brûleur. En outre, ce phénomène entraîne l'appari­tion de bruits lors de l'allumage, ces bruits se dévelop­pant dans la chambre de combustion pressurisée et se poursuivant, souvent, en régime permanent.Firstly, ceramic plate burners are known, in particular used to heat large free volumes such as, for example, hangars or large rooms. These burners generally operate in the open air and are not intended for use in pressurized fireplaces. Also known are ceramic plate burners that can be used in combustion chambers of industrial gas burners. In this case, the air admitted into the burner is completely used for combustion and mixed, for this purpose, with a combustible gas, which leads to certain disadvantages. In particular, the increase in pressure which appears during ignition tends to cause the reduction in the air flow and to cause the flame to oscillate on the wafer, which results in a noticeable instability causing disturbances in the operation of the burner. In addition, this phenomenon causes the appearance of noises during ignition, these noises developing in the pressurized combustion chamber and often continuing in steady state.

On connaît aussi, une autre catégorie de brûleurs du type à air soufflé et à prémélange avec dérivation d'air comportant une grille d'accrochage de flammes. Cette techni­que permet d'obtenir une combustion relativement silencieuse et stable. Cependant, ce type de brûleurs est relativement volumineux et n'est pas adapté pour être utilisé dans des chambres de combustion de petites dimensions, en coopération avec des échangeurs à fortes pertes de charge. En effet, si la plaquette céramique résiste, de par sa structure, à une forte température, et permet une combustion avec une flamme trés rentrée, un tel fonctionnement n'est pas envisageable sur un brûleur à grilles sans entraîner, d'une part, la détérioration de celles-ci, et, d'autre part, des retours de flammes dans le brûleur.Also known is another category of burners of the blown air and premix type with air bypass comprising a flame attachment grid. This technique provides relatively quiet and stable combustion. However, this type of burner is relatively bulky and is not suitable for use in combustion chambers of small dimensions, in cooperation with exchangers with high pressure drops. In fact, if the ceramic plate resists, by its structure, at a high temperature, and allows combustion with a very drawn-in flame, such an operation cannot be envisaged on a grate burner without, on the one hand, deterioration thereof, and, on the other hand, flashbacks in the burner.

Aussi, selon l'invention, l'admission d'air, outre l'alimentation précitée en air primaire de combustion de la chambre de prémélange, alimente au moins un circuit d'air secondaire pris en parallèle sur ledit circuit d'admission d'air et débouchant sensiblement au niveau de la surface de ladite plaquette par laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion. De cette façon, la surpres­sion engendrée lors de l'allumage du brûleur au niveau de la surface de ladite plaquette par laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion, est transmise par l'intermédiaire du circuit d'air secondaire vers la chambre de prémélange. Ce phénomène d'équilibrage des pressions de part et d'autre de la plaquette atténue les oscillations de la flamme et supprime tous les bruits d'allumage, notamment dus au soufflage et à l'étouffement du ventilateur qui alimente le brûleur en air. Cette stabilité de flamme offre la pos­sibilité de maintenir, en permanence, quelles que soient les conditions d'alimentation, la flamme très "rentrante" dans la plaquette, et, ainsi concevoir des échangeurs plus compacts recevant une proportion importante de la puis­sance par rayonnement, minimisant ainsi la surface d'échange par convection. En outre, une partie du débit d'admission en air soufflé du brûleur étant dérivée dans le circuit d'air secondaire, le mélange gazeux est plus riche en gaz combustible, entraînant un meilleur accrochage de flamme autorisant un taux de charge (puissance par cm² de plaquet­te) plus élevé et donc une souplesse accrue.Also, according to the invention, the air intake, in addition to the aforementioned supply of primary combustion air to the premix chamber, feeds at least one secondary air circuit taken in parallel on said intake circuit. air and opening substantially at the surface of said plate through which escape the products of combustion. In this way, the overpressure generated during the ignition of the burner at the surface of said plate through which the products of combustion escape, is transmitted via the secondary air circuit to the premix chamber. . This phenomenon of balancing the pressures on either side of the wafer attenuates the oscillations of the flame and eliminates all the ignition noises, in particular due to the blowing and suffocation of the fan which supplies the burner with air. This flame stability offers the possibility of maintaining, permanently, whatever the supply conditions, the very "re-entrant" flame in the wafer, and, thus, designing more compact exchangers receiving a large proportion of the power by radiation, thus minimizing the exchange surface by convection. In addition, part of the supply air flow rate of the burner being diverted into the circuit of secondary air, the gas mixture is richer in combustible gas, resulting in better flame attachment allowing a higher charge rate (power per cm² of wafer) and therefore increased flexibility.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit circuit d'air secondaire est en contact au moins en partie avec une paroi de ladite chambre de prémélange en étant canalisé dans une chambre entre son entrée dans cette dernière et sa sortie au niveau de ladite plaquette. Cette conception entraîne une fabrication à la fois simple et compacte.According to another characteristic of the invention, said secondary air circuit is in contact at least in part with a wall of said premix chamber by being channeled into a chamber between its entry therein and its exit at said wafer . This design results in both simple and compact manufacturing.

En outre, selon une réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, le brûleur comprend plusieurs plaquettes de céramique, formées en piles, entre lesquelles sont ménagés des espaces intermédiaires communiquant avec ladite cham­bre de prémélange et à travers lesquelles s'écoule le mélange gazeux, la plaquette de sommet de pile formant plaque d'obtu­ration de la chambre de prémélange. On obtient ainsi une flamme de diamètre réduit, entraînant une réduction du diamètre de la chambre de combustion et une compacité amé­liorée, notamment en ce qui concerne la conception des échangeurs.In addition, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the burner comprises several ceramic plates, formed in stacks, between which are formed intermediate spaces communicating with said premix chamber and through which the gas mixture flows, the plate stack top forming a blanking plate for the premix chamber. A flame of reduced diameter is thus obtained, resulting in a reduction in the diameter of the combustion chamber and an improved compactness, in particular as regards the design of the exchangers.

L'invention et sa mise en oeuvre apparaîtront plus clairement à l'aide de la description qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 montre une vue schématique, en coupe, d'un brûleur conforme à l'invention,
  • - la figure 2 présente une vue schématique d'une variante de réalisation possible du brûleur de l'inven­tion,
  • - la figure 3 montre une représentation schéma­tique du brûleur de l'invention comportant plusieurs pla­quettes de céramique formées en piles,
  • - la figure 4 présente une représentation schéma­tique d'une variante de réalisation du brûleur montré à la figure 3,
  • - la figure 5 montre le brûleur de la figure 1 dans une utilisation possible, à l'intérieur d'un ballon formant accumulateur d'eau chaude sanitaire.
  • - la figure 6 montre une utilisation possible du brûleur présenté figure 2.
The invention and its implementation will appear more clearly with the aid of the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view, in section, of a burner according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 presents a schematic view of a possible alternative embodiment of the burner of the invention,
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the burner of the invention comprising several ceramic plates formed in stacks,
  • FIG. 4 presents a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the burner shown in FIG. 3,
  • - Figure 5 shows the burner of Figure 1 in a possible use, inside a tank forming a domestic hot water accumulator.
  • - Figure 6 shows a possible use of the burner presented in Figure 2.

Si l'on se réfère, tout d'abord, à l'une quelcon­que des figures, on voit un brûleur repéré dans son ensem­ble 1 alimenté, respectivement, en air soufflé et en gaz combustible, par deux conduits séparés 5 et 6.If one refers, first of all, to any one of the figures, one sees a burner identified as a whole 1 supplied, respectively, with blown air and combustible gas, by two separate conduits 5 and 6.

De façon plus spécifique, le brûleur 1 comprend une chambre de prémélange 3 alimenté en air soufflé 5 et en gaz combustible 6 et débouchant sur au moins une pla­quette de céramique 4. L'admission d'air soufflé 5, outre l'alimentation en air primaire de la chambre de prémélange 3, par des orifices de communication 15, alimente au moins un circuit d'air secondaire canalisé dans une chambre 2 et qui débouche sensiblement au niveau de la surface 41 de la plaquette de céramique 4, par laquelle s'échap­pent les produits de la combustion. La chambre 2, dans laquelle circule l'air secondaire, s'étend sensiblement sur toute la hauteur de la chambre de prémélange 3. En d'autres termes, le circuit d'air secondaire est en con­tact, ou baigne, une paroi 30 de la chambre de prémélange 3 et est canalisé dans la chambre 2 entre son admission 21 son évacuation 22 au niveau de la plaquette 4.More specifically, the burner 1 comprises a premix chamber 3 supplied with blown air 5 and combustible gas 6 and opening onto at least one ceramic plate 4. The intake of blown air 5, in addition to the air supply primary of the premix chamber 3, through communication orifices 15, feeds at least one secondary air circuit ducted in a chamber 2 and which opens out substantially at the level of the surface 41 of the ceramic plate 4, through which the products of combustion escape. The chamber 2, in which the secondary air circulates, extends substantially over the entire height of the premix chamber 3. In other words, the secondary air circuit is in contact with, or bathes, a wall 30 of the premix chamber 3 and is channeled into the chamber 2 between its intake 21 and its discharge 22 at the level of the wafer 4.

Avantageusement, les orifices de communication entre la chambre 2 et la chambre de prémélange 3 sont ménagés vers la base de la chambre 3 dans la paroi de celle-ci. Ces orifices peuvent, par exemple, être au nombre de 4, et être répartis, sensiblement régu­lièrement sur la périphérie de la paroi 30. En outre, l'ali­mentation de la chambre de prémélange 3 en gaz combustible, peut s'effectuer, par exemple, à travers des trous calibrés 61 qui communiquent avec le conduit d'admission de gaz 6. Il est à noter que, de façon à obtenir le dosage désiré gaz combustible/air primaire de combustion, on adapte, respectivement, le diamètre et le nombre des orifices 61 et 15. En se reportant, maintenant, de façon plus parti­ culière à la figure 1, on note que la chambre 2 entoure sensiblement annulairement la chambre de prémélange 3. De façon plus spécifique, la paroi 30 limitant la chambre de prémélange 3 forme un tube sensiblement cylindrique qui va en s'évasant dans le sens d'écoulement du mélange, c'est-à-dire, vers la plaque de céra­mique 4 sur laquelle débouche ladite chambre 3. Il est à noter que dans ces conditions, la paroi 30 forme paroi commune à la chambre de prémélange 3 et à la chambre 2, cette dernière étant limitée, en outre, par une enceinte extérieure 20 formant paroi cylindrique qui, dans le mode de réalisation retenu à la figure 1, s'étend au delà de la plaquette de céramique 4 en formant enveloppe 20a d'une chambre de combustion 8 du brûleur 1.Advantageously, the communication orifices between the chamber 2 and the premix chamber 3 are formed towards the base of the chamber 3 in the wall of the latter. These orifices can, for example, be 4 in number, and can be distributed, substantially regularly over the periphery of the wall 30. In addition, the supply of premix chamber 3 with combustible gas can be carried out, for example , through calibrated holes 61 which communicate with the gas inlet duct 6. It should be noted that, in order to obtain the desired dosage of fuel gas / primary combustion air, the diameter and the number are adapted, respectively orifices 61 and 15. Referring now to a more partial manner In Figure 1, we note that the chamber 2 substantially annularly surrounds the premix chamber 3. More specifically, the wall 30 limiting the premix chamber 3 forms a substantially cylindrical tube which widens in the direction of flow of the mixture, that is to say towards the ceramic plate 4 on which said chamber 3 opens. It should be noted that under these conditions, the wall 30 forms a wall common to the premix chamber 3 and to the chamber 2, the latter being further limited by an outer enclosure 20 forming a cylindrical wall which, in the embodiment adopted in FIG. 1, extends beyond the ceramic plate 4 by forming an envelope 20a of a combustion chamber 8 of the burner 1.

La plaquette de céramique 4 se présente, dans le mode de réalisation montré figure 1, sous la forme d'une plaquette unique à section sensiblement circulaire et s'étend transversalement à la chambre de prémélange 3, vers le sommet de celle-ci. Cette plaquette 4 dans laquelle sont ménagés, comme connus en soi, des orifices d'évacuation 13 du mélange gazeux combustible, est maintenue solidaire de la paroi 30 au moyen d'une bride 7 fixée sur ladite paroi et s'étendant, en outre, sensiblement transversalement à la chambre de préchauffage 3 en formant collerette 71. La fixation de la bride 7 sur la paroi 30 peut, par exemple, consister en un rivetage, un vissage ou encore un collage. On prendra soin, suivant le mode de fixation retenu, de prévoir un matériau métallique, tel que par exemple de l'acier ou de l'aluminium, et éventuellement une colle résistant aux températures élevées.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the ceramic plate 4 is in the form of a single plate with a substantially circular section and extends transversely to the premix chamber 3, towards the top of the latter. This plate 4 in which are formed, as known per se, discharge orifices 13 for the combustible gas mixture, is held integral with the wall 30 by means of a flange 7 fixed on said wall and extending, furthermore, substantially transversely to the preheating chamber 3 forming a flange 71. The fixing of the flange 7 on the wall 30 may, for example, consist of riveting, screwing or even bonding. Care will be taken, depending on the method of attachment chosen, to provide a metallic material, such as for example steel or aluminum, and possibly an adhesive resistant to high temperatures.

Dans la collerette 71 sont ménagés des trous cali­brés 22 formant orifices de sortie de l'air secondaire qui, issu de la chambre 2 débouche alors dans la chambre de combustion 8. En outre, la collerette 71 vient sensible­ment en appui contre la paroi 20 de la chambre 2 qui constitue l'enceinte extérieure du brûleur.In the collar 71 are formed calibrated holes 22 forming secondary air outlet orifices which, coming from the chamber 2 then opens into the combustion chamber 8. In addition, the collar 71 comes to bear substantially against the wall 20 of chamber 2 which constitutes the external enclosure of the burner.

On remarque que dans le mode de réalisation retenu à la figure 1, les éléments essentiels constitutifs du brûleur 1 sont disposés dans la chambre de combustion 8 dont la paroi extérieure 20a est commune à celle 20 de la chambre 2.Note that in the embodiment chosen in FIG. 1, the essential elements constituting the burner 1 are arranged in the combustion chamber 8, the outer wall 20a of which is common to that 20 of the chamber 2.

La base du brûleur est obturée par une embase 11 qui s'adapte sur l'extrémité de l'enceinte 20 et de la paroi 30 vers laquelle sont admis le gaz combustible et l'air. Dans cette embase sont ménagés les conduits d'ali­mentation 5 et 6 du brûleur. On peut prévoir que l'embase 11 recouvre légèrement la base de la paroi extérieure du brûleur, c'est-à-dire dans ce cas l'enceinte 20, vers son extrémité 20b.The base of the burner is closed by a base 11 which fits on the end of the enclosure 20 and of the wall 30 towards which the combustible gas and the air are admitted. In this base are provided the supply conduits 5 and 6 of the burner. It can be provided that the base 11 slightly covers the base of the external wall of the burner, that is to say in this case the enclosure 20, towards its end 20b.

Des joints 9 et 10 assurent, en outre, l'étan­chéité.Seals 9 and 10 also provide sealing.

Le joint 9 ménage avantageusement un appui sensi­blement étanche de la collerette 71 sur l'enceinte exté­rieure 20. On peut notamment prévoir un joint en céramique gainé de fibres de verre, ou tout autre joint résistant aux températures élevées.The seal 9 advantageously provides a substantially sealed support for the collar 71 on the outer enclosure 20. It is possible in particular to provide a ceramic seal sheathed with glass fibers, or any other seal resistant to high temperatures.

Le joint 10, disposé vers la base 20 b de l'en­ceinte 20, à sa jonction avec l'embase 11, isole la chambre 2, en évitant toute fuite d'air vers l'exté­rieur du brûleur. Ce joint peut être, par exemple, en caoutchouc ou en "Téflon" (marque déposée).The seal 10, disposed towards the base 20b of the enclosure 20, at its junction with the base 11, isolates the chamber 2, avoiding any air leakage towards the outside of the burner. This seal can be, for example, rubber or "Teflon" (registered trademark).

On notera que la chambre de prémélange 3 peut coulisser d'une distance X, le long de la paroi 20, de façon que la plaquette 4 vienne se placer sensiblement au niveau de la base 20b de l'enceinte 20, l'appui du joint 9 étant adapté pour permettre ce coulissement. Dans ce cas, on prévoit avantageusement une boîte "à air" allongée (non représentée) et disposée de façon à faire office de cham­bre 2 et à canaliser l'air secondaire autour de la cham­bre de prémélange 3, vers la collerette 71.It will be noted that the premix chamber 3 can slide from a distance X, along the wall 20, so that the plate 4 comes to be placed substantially at the level of the base 20b of the enclosure 20, the support of the joint 9 being adapted to allow this sliding. In this case, an elongated “air” box (not shown) is advantageously provided and arranged so as to act as chamber 2 and to channel the secondary air around the premix chamber 3, towards the flange 71.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 2, on voit une variante du brûleur présenté figure 1 dont les éléments constitutifs essentiels sont organisés et aménagés sensiblement de façon identique à ceux précédemment décrits.Referring now to FIG. 2, a variant of the burner presented in FIG. 1 can be seen, the essential constituent elements of which are organized and arranged in substantially the same way as those previously described.

On notera cependant que les parois de la cham­bre de prémélange 3 et de la chambre 2 se présentent alors sous la forme de manchons coudés, respectivement 200 et 300, à sections sensiblement rectangulaires ou carrées.However, it will be noted that the walls of the premix chamber 3 and of the chamber 2 are then in the form of bent sleeves, respectively 200 and 300, with substantially rectangular or square sections.

Si l'on se réfère aux figures 3 et 4, on remarque que le brûleur 1 peut comprendre plusieurs plaquettes de céramique 4, formées en pile , entre lesquelles sont ména­gés des espaces intermédiaires 12 communiquant avec la cham­bre de prémélange 3 et à travers lesquelles s'écoule le mé­lange gazeux issu de cette chambre. On notera que la pla­quette de sommet de pile 14 forme plaque d'obturation de la chambre de prémélange 3. En outre, l'air secondaire circulant dans la chambre 2 débouche vers la base de la pile, du côté de la surface extérieure 41 desdites pla­quettes.If we refer to Figures 3 and 4, we note that the burner 1 may include several ceramic plates 4, formed in a stack, between which are formed intermediate spaces 12 communicating with the premix chamber 3 and through which s flows the gas mixture from this chamber. Note that the stack top plate 14 forms a blanking plate for the premix chamber 3. In addition, the secondary air circulating in the chamber 2 opens towards the base of the stack, on the side of the exterior surface 41 of said platelets.

Avantageusement, chaque plaquette 4 de céramique formant la pile est constituée d'une rondelle 40 dont au moins l'une des faces est cannelée ou crénelée. De cette façon, l'espace libre laissé par les différents créneaux calibrés constitue les espaces intermédiaires précités et permet l'écoulement du mélange gazeux.Advantageously, each ceramic plate 4 forming the stack consists of a washer 40 of which at least one of the faces is grooved or crenellated. In this way, the free space left by the various calibrated slots constitutes the aforementioned intermediate spaces and allows the gas mixture to flow.

La cohésion des différentes plaquettes peut être assurée, notamment, par un emboîtement partiel des unes dans les autres, en formant, par exemple, une association du type tenon-mortaise.The cohesion of the various plates can be ensured, in particular, by a partial nesting of one in the other, by forming, for example, an association of the tenon-mortise type.

La pile ainsi formée est avantageusement disposée sensiblement parallèlement à l'écoulement gazeux qui cir­cule de son admission 5, 6 vers les plaquettes 4, 14.The stack thus formed is advantageously disposed substantially parallel to the gas flow which flows from its inlet 5, 6 towards the plates 4, 14.

En se référant de façon plus particulière à la figure 3, on voit que la pile de rondelle 4 prolonge la chambre de prémélange 3, les orifices de sortie 22 de l'air secondaire étant ménagés au sommet de la chambre 2 et débouchant vers la base de la pile. Les orifices 22 peuvent être prévus sur une collerette 71, telle que décrite précédemment et qui assure, notamment le main­tien de la plaquette de base de la pile.Referring more particularly to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the washer stack 4 extends the premix chamber 3, the outlet orifices 22 for the secondary air being formed at the top of the chamber 2 and opening towards the base. from the stack. The orifices 22 may be provided on a flange 71, as described above and which, in particular, maintains the base plate of the stack.

Dans le mode de réalisation présenté sur cette figure, la chambre 2 entoure la chambre de prémélange 3, cette dernière s'étendant jusqu'à la pla­quette de sommet de pile 14.In the embodiment presented on this In the figure, the chamber 2 surrounds the premix chamber 3, the latter extending up to the stack top plate 14.

Faisant maintenant référence à la figure 4, la chambre de prémélange 3 entoure la chambre 2 et la pile de plaquettes 4, la rondelle de sommet 14 présentant un diamètre plus important que les autres rondelles de la pile et venant, comme décrit précédemment, obtu­rer le sommet de la chambre de prémélange.Referring now to FIG. 4, the premix chamber 3 surrounds the chamber 2 and the stack of wafers 4, the crown washer 14 having a larger diameter than the other washers of the stack and coming, as described above, to close the top of the premix chamber.

On notera que l'on peut prévoir une collerette 71 qui s'étend sensiblement transversalement vers le sommet de la chambre 2 et dans laquelle sont ménagés des orifices 22 de sortie de l'air secondaire. La collerette peut notamment former bride de fixation de la base de la pile.Note that one can provide a flange 71 which extends substantially transversely towards the top of the chamber 2 and in which are formed orifices 22 for the outlet of the secondary air. The collar can in particular form a flange for fixing the base of the battery.

Le brûleur de l'invention, présenté dans un cer­tain nombre de variantes non limitatives, fonctionne de la façon suivante.The burner of the invention, presented in a number of non-limiting variants, operates as follows.

L'air soufflé issu du conduit d'alimentation 5, relié par exemple à un ventilateur 25 (fig.2), débouche dans la chambre 2, vers la base de laquelle il se répartit entre un débit d'air appelé primaire, admis dans la chambre de prémélange 3 par les orifices 15, et un débit d'air dit secondaire qui est canalisé dans la chambre 2 vers les ori­fices 22 par lesquels il est injecté au niveau de la pla­quette 4 vers sa surface extérieure 41, sans être mélangé au gaz combustible.The blown air from the supply duct 5, connected for example to a fan 25 (fig. 2), opens into the chamber 2, towards the base of which it is distributed between an air flow called primary, admitted in the premix chamber 3 via the orifices 15, and a so-called secondary air flow which is channeled in the chamber 2 towards the orifices 22 through which it is injected at the level of the wafer 4 towards its external surface 41, without being mixed with the combustible gas.

Par ailleurs, le débit d'air primaire est mélangé au gaz combustible issu du conduit 6 et s'écoule dans la chambre de prémélange 3 vers la plaquette de céramique (figures 1 et 2) ou vers la pile de plaquettes (figures 3 et 4) où il est enflammé.Furthermore, the primary air flow is mixed with the combustible gas coming from the duct 6 and flows in the premix chamber 3 towards the ceramic plate (Figures 1 and 2) or towards the stack of plates (Figures 3 and 4 ) where it is inflamed.

De façon à éclairer la description, on a repré­senté sur les différentes figures l'écoulement, dû à la surpression d'alimentation, de l'air primaire et du gaz combustible en trait plein et, de l'air secondaire en traits pointillés.In order to clarify the description, the various figures show the flow, due to the overpressure of supply, of the primary air and the combustible gas in solid lines and, of the secondary air in dotted lines.

On notera qu'afin d'assurer une bonne réparti­tion du débit d'air dès son entrée dans le brûleur, un déflecteur formant plaque 16 peut être disposé sensible­ment transversalement vers la base de la chambre 2.It will be noted that in order to ensure a good distribution of the air flow as soon as it enters the burner, a plate deflector 16 can be arranged substantially transversely towards the base of the chamber 2.

En outre, pour homogénéiser le mélange gaz/air primaire de combustion on peut prévoir une grille 17 qui s'étend sensiblement transversalement à l'écoulement du mélange gazeux dans la chambre de prémélange 3.In addition, to homogenize the gas / primary combustion air mixture, it is possible to provide a grid 17 which extends substantially transversely to the flow of the gas mixture in the premix chamber 3.

L'allumage du brûleur et le contrôle de bon fonctionnement de sa flamme peuvent s'effectuer, notamment, par des électrodes 18, 19, respectivement, d'allumage et d'ionisation qui peuvent être fixées sur la collerette 71 décrite précédemment et sont alimentées sous haute tension adaptée (non représenté).The ignition of the burner and the checking of the proper functioning of its flame can be carried out, in particular, by electrodes 18, 19, respectively, of ignition and ionization which can be fixed on the flange 71 described above and are supplied under suitable high voltage (not shown).

Avantageusement, l'électrode d'allumage 180 s'étend, dans la chambre de combustion 8, à proximité de la surface 41 de la (des) plaquettes(s) par laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion.Advantageously, the ignition electrode 180 extends, in the combustion chamber 8, near the surface 41 of the plate (s) through which the products of combustion escape.

Les flammes de combustion se développent alors dans les orifices 13, ou les espaces intermédiaires 12, en direction de la chambre de combustion 8.The combustion flames then develop in the orifices 13, or the intermediate spaces 12, in the direction of the combustion chamber 8.

Les orifices calibrés 15 et 61 permettent d'obte­nir un mélange riche en gaz combustible dans la zone de prémélange 3, ce qui entraîne une flamme que l'on peut main­tenir dans la (les) plaquette(s) et qui se développe notam­ment dans les orifices 13 (figures 1, 2) ou les espaces intermédiaires 12 (figures 3, 4).The calibrated orifices 15 and 61 make it possible to obtain a mixture rich in combustible gas in the premix zone 3, which causes a flame which can be maintained in the wafer (s) and which develops in particular in the holes 13 (Figures 1, 2) or the intermediate spaces 12 (Figures 3, 4).

L'air secondaire injecté au niveau de la surface 41 d'évacuation des produits de combustion termine la com­bustion du mélange gazeux. De cette façon, on peut augmen­ter la souplesse du brûleur vis-à-vis des pressions limites et des gaz, quelle que soit la famille à laquelle ils appar­tiennent. En effet, cette conception particulière permet de décaler la zone de soufflage de la flamme en faisant, pour un réglage nominal, rentrer cette dernière de façon plus importante dans la plaquette céramique, sans détériorer les conditions de combustion. En outre, cette configu­ration autorise l'admission de tous les gaz combustibles de la deuxième famille, ainsi que ceux de la troisième famille. On notera que, pour les gaz de la deuxième famille, le remplacement d'un gaz du groupe H (fort pouvoir calorifique) par un gaz du groupe L (faible pouvoir calorifique) ou inversement, à leur pression respective d'alimentation, ne nécessite aucune intervention sur le brûleur.The secondary air injected at the surface 41 for evacuating the combustion products ends the combustion of the gas mixture. In this way, the flexibility of the burner can be increased with respect to limit pressures and gases, regardless of the family to which they belong. Indeed, this particular design makes it possible to offset the blowing area of the flame by making, for a nominal adjustment, the latter enter more significantly into the ceramic plate, without deteriorating the combustion conditions. In addition, this configuration allows the admission of all combustible gases from the second family, as well as those of the third family. It will be noted that, for gases of the second family, the replacement of a gas of group H (high calorific value) by a gas of group L (low calorific value) or vice versa, at their respective supply pressure, does not require no intervention on the burner.

Le brûleur de l'invention, notamment celui pré­senté figure 1, ou éventuellement celui de la figure 2, est adapté pour assurer, par exemple, la mise en tempéra­ture de l'enceinte d'un four ou encore d'un échangeur à faisceaux de tubes ou à tubes à ailettes. Dans ce cas, les produits de combustion issus de la plaquette 4 débouchent, avantageusement, directement dans ladite enceinte, ou sur le corps de chauffe, la paroi 20 de la chambre 2 se termi­nant au niveau de la plaquette 4, en formant boîte à air du brûleur.The burner of the invention, in particular that shown in FIG. 1, or possibly that of FIG. 2, is suitable for ensuring, for example, the temperature rise of the enclosure of an oven or else of a beam exchanger of tubes or finned tubes. In this case, the combustion products from the plate 4 advantageously open directly into said enclosure, or onto the heating body, the wall 20 of the chamber 2 ending at the level of the plate 4, forming an air box. of the burner.

Ce mode de réalisation du brûleur permet, en outre, son utilisation pour chauffer un fluide 26, par exemple de l'eau contenue dans un ballon 23 (fig.5). Il est alors avan­tageux de disposer d'un brûleur conforme à celui présenté figure 1, dans lequel on fait déboucher les gaz, portés à haute température, issus de la chambre de combustion 8 dans un canal formant serpentin 24. On limite ainsi la chauffe de la base du ballon et, grâce au serpentin qui en circu­lant en contact du fluide forme échangeur thermique, on peut récupérer la chaleur de condensation, tout en mainte­nant une compacité tout à fait intéressante.This embodiment of the burner also allows it to be used to heat a fluid 26, for example water contained in a balloon 23 (fig.5). It is then advantageous to have a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1, in which the gases, brought to high temperature, emerge from the combustion chamber 8 in a channel forming a coil 24. The heating of the base of the balloon and, thanks to the coil which by circulating in contact with the fluid forms heat exchanger, one can recover the heat of condensation, while maintaining a quite interesting compactness.

On peut citer, à titre d'exemple, qu'un brûleur conforme à celui présenté figure 1, délivre une puissance nominale de l'ordre de 12 kW en offrant une gamme de ré­glage en puissance allant sensiblement de 6 à environ kW, offrant ainsi une souplesse de fonctionnement élevée. La plaquette qui peut être unique, peut dans ces conditions présenter une surface d'environ 50 à 60 cm² et donc un diamètre de l'ordre de 80 à 90 mm, ce qui entraîne une puissance par unité de surface égale, en moyenne, à envi­ron 0,2 kW/cm².We can cite, by way of example, that a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1, delivers a nominal power of the order of 12 kW by offering a range of power adjustment ranging substantially from 6 to around kW, thus offering high operating flexibility. The wafer, which may be unique, can under these conditions have an area of approximately 50 to 60 cm² and therefore a diameter of the order of 80 to 90 mm, which results in a power per unit area equal, on average, to about 0.2 kW / cm².

Si l'on se reporte au fonctionnement du brû­ leur figure 3, on note que la pile forme "saillie" au brûleur et que, dans ces conditions, les produits de combus­tion s'échappent directement vers l'extérieur de celui-ci, dans une chambre de combustion. Ce type de configuration est notamment destiné à être adapté sur des échangeurs cylindriques de faible hauteur dans lesquels peut circuler, à l'intérieur de conduites 230, un liquide de refroidisse­ment, par exemple de l'eau ; les fumées issues de la combus­tion s'échappant en 220.If we refer to the operation of the burner In FIG. 3, it can be noted that the stack forms a "projection" on the burner and that, under these conditions, the combustion products escape directly towards the outside of the latter, in a combustion chamber. This type of configuration is in particular intended to be adapted on cylindrical exchangers of low height in which can circulate, inside conduits 230, a cooling liquid, for example water; the fumes from combustion escaping at 220.

En se référant par contre à la figure 4, on remarque que, la chambre de prémélange 3 entourant la majeure partie de la pile de plaquettes céramiques, les produits de combus­tion s'échappent tout d'abord vers une chambre de combus­tion 8 qui s'étend, au moins en partie, à l'intérieur de l'enceinte du brûleur. Dans cette variante, l'air secondaire issu de la chambre 2 est injecté à la base de la pile dans la chambre de combustion, vers le centre du brûleur. Cette variante de configuration est plus particu­lièrement destinée à des chambres de combustion par exem­ple cylindriques et de diamètre réduit. Dans ces conditions, l'allumage et le contrôle de la présence de flammes s'effec­tuent à l'intérieur du brûleur.Referring on the other hand to FIG. 4, it is noted that, the premix chamber 3 surrounding the major part of the stack of ceramic wafers, the combustion products first escape towards a combustion chamber 8 which s extends, at least in part, inside the burner enclosure. In this variant, the secondary air from the chamber 2 is injected at the base of the stack into the combustion chamber, towards the center of the burner. This configuration variant is more particularly intended for combustion chambers, for example cylindrical and of reduced diameter. Under these conditions, ignition and checking for the presence of flames takes place inside the burner.

On peut noter que l'orientation des espaces inter­médiaires 12 ménagés entre les plaquettes 4 formant piles, peut être telle que lesdits espaces intermédiaires sont formés sensiblement perpendiculairement (fig.3) à l'écoulement gazeux (air, gaz combustible) circulant dans les chambres 2 et 3 telles que matérialisées par les flèches, ou bien être inclinée vers l'extérieur du brûleur (figure 4) en formant un angle α aigu par rapport à la direction générale de l'écoulement gazeux.It can be noted that the orientation of the intermediate spaces 12 formed between the plates 4 forming cells, can be such that said intermediate spaces are formed substantially perpendicularly (fig. 3) to the gas flow (air, combustible gas) circulating in the chambers 2 and 3 as shown by the arrows, or else be inclined towards the outside of the burner (FIG. 4) by forming an acute angle α with respect to the general direction of the gas flow.

Si on se réfère à la figure 6, on voit une applica­tion du brûleur présenté figure 2. Dans ce cas, les gaz brû­lés dans la chambre de combustion 8 sont évacués par des ori­fices 260 ménagés dans une grille 250, en étant refroidis, par échange thermique, au contact des tubes 240 dans les­quels circule un fluide de refroidissement, notamment de l'eau.If we refer to FIG. 6, we see an application of the burner presented in FIG. 2. In this case, the gases burned in the combustion chamber 8 are evacuated by orifices 260 formed in a grid 250, while being cooled, by exchange thermal, in contact with the tubes 240 in which circulates a cooling fluid, in particular water.

Toutes les caractéristiques du brûleur de l'in­vention concourent à procurer à celui-ci des avantages appréciables.All the characteristics of the burner of the invention contribute to providing it with appreciable advantages.

On peut notamment relever que grâce à la pré­sence d'air secondaire la surpression engendrée par l'allu­mage du brûleur dans la chambre de combustion 8, et donc à proximité de la surface d'évacuation 41, se communique par les orifices 22 à la chambre 2 puis, par l'intermé­diaire des orifices de communication 15, à la chambre de prémélange 3. Ce phénomène permet d'équilibrer les pressions régnant de part et d'autre de la (des) pla­plaquette(s) et atténue les oscillations de flammes lors de l'allumage en supprimant tous les bruits de soufflage ou d'étouffement provenant notamment du ventilateur. En outre, grâce à une ventilation permanente des électrodes 18, 19, par la circulation d'air secondaire, on réduit les problèmes liés au dépôt de condensat sur la surface exté­rieure desdites électrodes, favorisant ainsi les condi­tions d'allumage.It can in particular be noted that thanks to the presence of secondary air the overpressure generated by the ignition of the burner in the combustion chamber 8, and therefore close to the discharge surface 41, is communicated by the orifices 22 to the chamber 2 then, via the communication orifices 15, to the premix chamber 3. This phenomenon makes it possible to balance the pressures prevailing on either side of the plate (s) and attenuates the oscillations of flames during ignition by suppressing all the noises of blowing or suffocation coming in particular from the fan. In addition, thanks to permanent ventilation of the electrodes 18, 19, by the circulation of secondary air, the problems associated with the deposition of condensate on the external surface of said electrodes are reduced, thereby promoting the ignition conditions.

On notera que, notamment dans les variantes pré­sentées aux figures 3 et 4, les plaquettes de céramiques offrent une grande surface émettrice, le brûleur dissipant ainsi une part importante de sa puissance par rayonnement. On peut alors concevoir des échangeurs plus compacts rece­vant une proportion importante de la puissance par rayon­nement minimisant ainsi la surface d'échange par convection.It will be noted that, in particular in the variants presented in FIGS. 3 and 4, the ceramic plates offer a large emitting surface, the burner thus dissipating a large part of its power by radiation. One can then design more compact exchangers receiving a significant proportion of the power by radiation, thus minimizing the exchange surface by convection.

Par ailleurs, cette conception particulière du brûleur entraîne un accrochage de flammes amélioré, permet­tant une puissance par cm² de plaquette élevée et autori­sant une souplesse accrue. En effet, la circulation d'air secondaire améliore la souplesse du brûleur vis-à-vis des pressions et des puissances limitées. On peut ainsi utili­ser tous les gaz combustibles de la deuxième ou de la troi­sième famille, avec une plage de puissance étendue que l'on peut situer sensiblement entre 0,10 et 0,30 kW/cm² de plaquette.Furthermore, this particular design of the burner results in improved flame attachment, allowing a high wattage per cm² and allowing increased flexibility. In fact, the circulation of secondary air improves the flexibility of the burner with respect to pressures and limited powers. It is thus possible to use all the combustible gases of the second or third family, with an extended power range which can be situated substantially between 0.10 and 0.30 kW / cm² of wafer.

Claims (13)

1. - Brûleur à gaz du type comprenant une admis­sion d'air soufflé et une admission de gaz combustible alimentant une chambre de prémélange débouchant sur au moins une plaquette de céramique au niveau de laquelle s'effectue la combustion, ledit brûleur étant caracté­risé en ce que ladite admission d'air, outre l'alimenta­tion précitée en air primaire de combustion de la chambre de prémélange (3), alimente au moins un circuit d'air secondaire pris en parallèle sur ledit circuit d'admission d'air (5) et débouchant sensiblement au niveau de la sur­face (41) de ladite plaquette (4) par laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion.1. - Gas burner of the type comprising a supply of blown air and a fuel gas inlet supplying a premix chamber opening onto at least one ceramic plate at the level of which combustion takes place, said burner being characterized in that that said air intake, in addition to the aforementioned supply of primary combustion air to the premix chamber (3), feeds at least one secondary air circuit taken in parallel on said air intake circuit (5) and opening substantially at the surface (41) of said plate (4) through which escape the products of combustion. 2. - Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caracté­risé en ce que ledit circuit d'air secondaire est en con­tact au moins en partie avec une paroi (30) de ladite chambre de prémélange (3) en étant canalisé dans une chambre (2) entre son entrée (21) dans cette dernière et sa sortie (22) au niveau de ladite plaquette (4).2. - Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that said secondary air circuit is in contact at least in part with a wall (30) of said premix chamber (3) while being channeled in a chamber (2) between its inlet (21) in the latter and its outlet (22) at said wafer (4). 3. - Brûeur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (2) entoure sensiblement annulairement la chambre de prémélange (3), une communication (15) étant ménagée entre les deux dites chambres pour assurer l'admission d'air primaire de combustion dans ladite chambre de pré­mélange (3).3. - Burner according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the chamber (2) substantially annularly surrounds the premix chamber (3), a communication (15) being provided between the two said chambers to ensure admission primary combustion air in said premix chamber (3). 4. - Brûleur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de pré­mélange (3) entoure sensiblement annulairement la cham­bre (2), une communication étant ménagée entre les deux dites chambres pour assurer l'admission d'air primaire de combustion dans ladite chambre de prémélange (3).4. - Burner according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the premix chamber (3) substantially annularly surrounds the chamber (2), a communication being provided between the two said chambers to ensure the admission of air combustion primary in said premix chamber (3). 5. - Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une bride (7) fixée sur la paroi commune (30) à la chambre de prémélange (3) et à la chambre (2) et solidarisant l'une au moins desdites plaquettes (4) à cette paroi (30), ladite bride (7) s'étendant, en outre, sensiblement transversalement à la chambre (2) et formant collerette (71) dans laquelle sont ménagés des trous (22) calibrés de sortie de l'air secondaire et sur laquelle est fixé au moins un dispositif d'allumage (18,19) du brûleur.5. - Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a flange (7) fixed on the common wall (30) to the chamber of premix (3) and to the chamber (2) and joining at least one of said plates (4) to this wall (30), said flange (7) extending, moreover, substantially transversely to the chamber (2 ) and forming a flange (71) in which are calibrated holes (22) for the outlet of the secondary air and on which is fixed at least one ignition device (18,19) of the burner. 6. - Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite colle­rette (71) vient sensiblement en appui contre une paroi (20) de la chambre (2) formant enceinte extérieure du brûleur.6. - Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said collar (71) comes to bear substantially against a wall (20) of the chamber (2) forming the outer enclosure of the burner. 7. - Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendi­cations précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi (20) de la chambre (2) s'étend au delà de la plaquette (4) sur laquelle débouche la chambre de prémélange (3), en formant enveloppe (20a) d'une chambre de combustion (8) du brûleur.7. - Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (20) of the chamber (2) extends beyond the plate (4) onto which the premix chamber (3) opens, forming an envelope (20a) of a combustion chamber (8) of the burner. 8. - Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendi­cations 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend plusieurs plaquettes (4,14) de céramique, formées en pile , entre lesquelles sont ménagés des espaces intermédiaires (12) communiquant avec ladite chambre de prémélange (3) et à travers lesquels s'écoule le mélange gazeux, la plaquette de sommet de pile (14) formant plaque d'obturation de la chambre de prémélange (3).8. - Burner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises several ceramic plates (4,14), formed in a stack, between which are formed intermediate spaces (12) communicating with said chamber premix (3) and through which the gas mixture flows, the stack top plate (14) forming a blanking plate for the premix chamber (3). 9. - Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caracté­risé en ce que chaque plaquette (4, 14) est constituée d'une rondelle dont au moins l'une des faces est cannelée.9. - Burner according to claim 8, characterized in that each plate (4, 14) consists of a washer of which at least one of the faces is grooved. 10. - Brûleur selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les plaquettes (4, 14) sont emboîtées, au moins en partie, les unes dans les autres.10. - Burner according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the plates (4, 14) are fitted, at least in part, one inside the other. 11. - Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite pile prolonge la chambre de prémélange (3), l'air secondaire qui circule dans la chambre (2) débouchant vers la base de ladite pile de plaquettes.11. - Burner according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that said stack extends the premix chamber (3), the secondary air which circulates in the chamber (2) opening towards the base of said stack of platelets. 12. - Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de pré­mélange (3) entoure la pile de plaquettes, l'air secondaire qui circule dans ladite chambre (2) débouchant vers la base de ladite pile.12. - Burner according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the premix chamber (3) surrounds the stack of platelets, the secondary air which circulates in said chamber (2) opening towards the base of said battery. 13. - Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des reven­dications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une grille (17) d'homogénéisation est disposée dans ladite chambre de prémélange (3) sur le chemin de circulation du mélange gazeux.13. - Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a grid (17) for homogenization is arranged in said premix chamber (3) on the path of circulation of the gas mixture.
EP86402467A 1985-11-06 1986-11-04 Forced-draft gas burner Expired EP0223691B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86402467T ATE43700T1 (en) 1985-11-06 1986-11-04 PNEUMATIC GAS BURNER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8516439A FR2589555B1 (en) 1985-11-06 1985-11-06 BLOW AIR GAS BURNER
FR8516439 1985-11-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0223691A1 true EP0223691A1 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0223691B1 EP0223691B1 (en) 1989-05-31

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US (1) US4752213A (en)
EP (1) EP0223691B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE43700T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1278251C (en)
DE (1) DE3663733D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2008678B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2589555B1 (en)

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EP1681521A3 (en) * 2005-01-12 2010-11-24 AOS Holding Company Water heater with pressurized combustion
US8375897B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2013-02-19 Aos Holding Company Gas water heater
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US10386062B2 (en) 2013-02-14 2019-08-20 Clearsign Combustion Corporation Method for operating a combustion system including a perforated flame holder
US10823401B2 (en) 2013-02-14 2020-11-03 Clearsign Technologies Corporation Burner system including a non-planar perforated flame holder
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2589555B1 (en) 1989-11-10
DE3663733D1 (en) 1989-07-06
ES2008678B3 (en) 1989-08-01
ATE43700T1 (en) 1989-06-15
CA1278251C (en) 1990-12-27
US4752213A (en) 1988-06-21
FR2589555A1 (en) 1987-05-07
EP0223691B1 (en) 1989-05-31

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