EP0223691B1 - Forced-draft gas burner - Google Patents

Forced-draft gas burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223691B1
EP0223691B1 EP86402467A EP86402467A EP0223691B1 EP 0223691 B1 EP0223691 B1 EP 0223691B1 EP 86402467 A EP86402467 A EP 86402467A EP 86402467 A EP86402467 A EP 86402467A EP 0223691 B1 EP0223691 B1 EP 0223691B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
burner
air
burner according
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86402467A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0223691A1 (en
Inventor
Guy Grochowski
Alain Meslif
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
Original Assignee
Gaz de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz de France SA filed Critical Gaz de France SA
Priority to AT86402467T priority Critical patent/ATE43700T1/en
Publication of EP0223691A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223691A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0223691B1 publication Critical patent/EP0223691B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/34—Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/126—Radiant burners cooperating with refractory wall surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas burner of the supply air type and with ceramic plate (s), intended in particular for use on exchangers or various fireplaces having a combustion chamber of relatively small dimensions.
  • ceramic plate burners are known, in particular used to heat large free volumes such as, for example, hangars or large rooms. These burners generally operate in the open air and are not intended for use in pressurized fireplaces.
  • Ceramic plate burners that can be used in combustion chambers of industrial gas burners, such as that described in US Pat. No. 4,224,019. This is a burner provided with a premix chamber supplied with pressurized air and combustible gas, and a ceramic plate on which the premix chamber opens and through which the products of combustion escape.
  • the combustion air is completely mixed with the combustible gas. It is therefore a "total air” burner, a category of burners to which certain disadvantages are linked.
  • the increase in pressure which appears during ignition tends to cause the reduction in the air flow and to cause the flame to oscillate on the wafer, which results in a noticeable instability causing disturbances in the operation of the burner.
  • this phenomenon causes the appearance of noises during ignition, these noises developing in the pressurized combustion chamber and often continuing in steady state.
  • the object of the invention is to solve these difficulties. To this end, it provides a burner of the type comprising a premix chamber for mixing pressurized air and a combustible gas, said chamber opening onto at least one ceramic plate at which combustion takes place and which has, on one side, an inner surface directed towards the premix chamber and, on the other, an outer surface where the products of combustion are emitted, an inlet of pressurized air, an inlet of combustible gas, and a primary combustion air circuit communicating the air inlet and the premix chamber, this burner being characterized in that said premix chamber is supplied with only part of the air supplied to the burner by the air inlet, said burner comprising a secondary air circuit ensuring communication between the air inlet and the external surface of said ceramic plate, so as to open onto the external surface of this ceramic plate by remaining part of the combustion air supplied to the burner and ensure a substantially equivalent pressure on one side and the other of said plate.
  • the secondary air circuit extends in a second chamber which has a common wall with the premix chamber. This design results in both simple and compact manufacturing.
  • the burner may comprise several ceramic plates, formed in stacks, between which will be provided intermediate spaces communicating with the premix chamber and through which the gas mixture will flow, the apex plate de-pite forming a blanking plate for the premix chamber.
  • a flame of reduced diameter will thus be obtained, leading to a reduction in reduced diameter, resulting in a reduction in the diameter of the combustion chamber and an improved compactness, in particular as regards the design of the exchangers.
  • the burner 1 comprises a premix chamber 3 supplied with blown air 5 and combustible gas 6 and opening onto at least one ceramic plate 4.
  • the chamber 2, in which the secondary air circulates, extends substantially over the entire height of the premix chamber 3.
  • the secondary air circuit is in contact with, or bathes, a wall 30 of the premix chamber 3 and is channeled into the chamber 2 between its intake 21 and its discharge 22 at the level of the wafer 4.
  • the communication orifices between the chamber 2 and the premix chamber 3 are formed towards the base of the chamber 3 in the wall of the latter. These orifices can, for example, be 4 in number, and can be distributed, substantially regularly over the periphery of the wall 30.
  • the supply of premix chamber 3 with combustible gas can be carried out, for example , through calibrated holes 61 which communicate with the gas inlet duct 6. It should be noted that, in order to obtain the desired dosage of fuel gas / primary combustion air, the diameter and the number are adapted, respectively orifices 61 and 15. Referring now to Particularly in FIG. 1, it is noted that the chamber 2 substantially annularly surrounds the premix chamber 3.
  • the wall 30 limiting the premix chamber 3 forms a substantially cylindrical tube which widens in the direction of flow of the mixture, that is to say, towards the ceramic plate 4 on which said chamber 3 opens. It should be noted that under these conditions , the wall 30 forms a wall common to the chamber re premix 3 and chamber 2, the latter being further limited by an outer enclosure 20 forming a cylindrical wall which, in the embodiment used in FIG. 1, extends beyond the ceramic plate 4 forming an envelope 20a of a combustion chamber 8 of the burner 1.
  • the ceramic plate 4 is in the form of a single plate with a substantially circular section and extends transversely to the premix chamber 3, towards the top of the latter.
  • This plate 4 in which are formed, as known per se, discharge orifices 13 for the combustible gas mixture, is held integral with the wall 30 by means of a flange 7 fixed on said wall and extending, furthermore, substantially transversely to the preheating chamber 3 forming a flange 71.
  • the fixing of the flange 7 on the wall 30 may, for example, consist of riveting, screwing or even bonding. Care will be taken, depending on the method of attachment chosen, to provide a metallic material, such as for example steel or aluminum, and possibly an adhesive resistant to high temperatures.
  • calibrated holes 22 forming secondary air outlet orifices which, coming from the chamber 2 then opens into the combustion chamber 8.
  • the collar 71 comes to bear substantially against the wall 20 of chamber 2 which constitutes the external enclosure of the burner.
  • the essential elements constituting the burner 1 are arranged in the combustion chamber 8, the outer wall 20a of which is common to that 20 of the chamber 2.
  • the base of the burner is closed by a base 11 which fits on the end of the enclosure 20 and of the wall 30 towards which the combustible gas and the air are admitted.
  • a base 11 which fits on the end of the enclosure 20 and of the wall 30 towards which the combustible gas and the air are admitted.
  • the supply conduits 5 and 6 of the burner In this base are provided the supply conduits 5 and 6 of the burner. It can be provided that the base 11 slightly covers the base of the external wall of the burner, that is to say in this case the enclosure 20, towards its end 20b.
  • Seals 9 and 10 also provide sealing.
  • the seal 9 advantageously provides a substantially sealed support for the collar 71 on the outer enclosure 20. It is possible in particular to provide a ceramic seal sheathed with glass fibers, or any other seal resistant to high temperatures.
  • the seal 10 disposed towards the base 20b of the enclosure 20, at its junction with the base 11, isolates the chamber 2, avoiding any air leakage towards the outside of the burner.
  • This seal can be, for example, rubber or "Teflon” (registered trademark).
  • the premix chamber 3 can slide from a distance X, along the wall 20, so that the plate 4 comes to be placed substantially at the level of the base 20b of the enclosure 20, the support of the joint 9 being adapted to allow this sliding.
  • an elongated “air” box (not shown) is advantageously provided and arranged so as to act as chamber 2 and to channel the secondary air around the premix chamber 3, towards the flange 71.
  • FIG. 2 a variant of the burner presented in FIG. 1 is seen, the essential constituent elements of which are organized and arranged substantially in the same way as those previously described.
  • the walls of the room bre of premix 3 and of chamber 2 are then in the form of bent sleeves, respectively 200 and 300, with substantially rectangular or square sections.
  • the burner 1 may include several ceramic plates 4, formed in a stack, between which are formed intermediate spaces 12 communicating with the premix chamber 3 and through which s flows the gas mixture from this chamber.
  • the stack top plate 14 forms a blanking plate for the premix chamber 3.
  • the secondary air circulating in the chamber 2 opens towards the base of the stack, on the side of the exterior surface 41 of said platelets.
  • each ceramic plate 4 forming the stack consists of a washer 40 of which at least one of the faces is grooved or crenellated.
  • the free space left by the various calibrated slots constitutes the aforementioned intermediate spaces and allows the gas mixture to flow.
  • the cohesion of the various plates can be ensured, in particular, by a partial nesting of one in the other, by forming, for example, an association of the tenon-mortise type.
  • the stack thus formed is advantageously disposed substantially parallel to the gas flow which flows from its inlet 5, 6 towards the plates 4, 14.
  • the washer stack 4 extends the premix chamber 3, the outlet orifices 22 for the secondary air being formed at the top of the chamber 2 and opening towards the base. from the stack.
  • the orifices 22 may be provided on a flange 71, as described above and which, in particular, maintains the base plate of the stack.
  • the chamber 2 surrounds the premix chamber 3, the latter extending up to the stack top plate 14.
  • the premix chamber 3 surrounds the chamber 2 and the. stack of plates 4, the top washer 14 having a larger diameter than the other washers of the stack and coming, as described above, to close the top of the premix chamber.
  • the collar can in particular form a flange for fixing the base of the battery.
  • the burner of the invention presented in a number of non-limiting variants, operates as follows.
  • a fan 25 (fig. 2)
  • the primary air flow is mixed with the combustible gas coming from the duct 6 and flows in the premix chamber 3 towards the ceramic plate ( Figures 1 and 2) or towards the stack of plates ( Figures 3 and 4 ) where it is inflamed.
  • a plate deflector 16 can be arranged substantially transversely towards the base of the chamber 2.
  • the ignition of the burner and the checking of the proper functioning of its flame can be carried out, in particular, by electrodes 18, 19, respectively, of ignition and ionization which can be fixed on the flange 71 described above and are supplied under suitable high voltage (not shown).
  • the ignition electrode 180 extends, in the combustion chamber 8, near the surface 41 of the plate (s) through which the products of combustion escape.
  • combustion flames then develop in the orifices 13, or the intermediate spaces 12, in the direction of the combustion chamber 8.
  • the calibrated orifices 15 and 61 make it possible to obtain a mixture rich in combustible gas in the premix zone 3, which causes a flame which can be maintained in the wafer (s) and which develops in particular in the holes 13 ( Figures 1, 2) or the intermediate spaces 12 ( Figures 3, 4).
  • the secondary air injected at the surface 41 for evacuating the combustion products ends the combustion of the gas mixture.
  • this particular design makes it possible to offset the blowing area of the flame by making, for a nominal adjustment, the latter enter more significantly into the ceramic plate, without deteriorating the combustion conditions.
  • this configuration allows the admission of all combustible gases of the second family, as well as those of the third family. It will be noted that, for gases of the second family, the replacement of a gas of group H (high calorific value) by a gas of group L (low calorific value) or vice versa, at their respective supply pressure, does not require no intervention on the burner.
  • the burner of the invention in particular that present té figure 1, or possibly that of Figure 2, is suitable for ensuring, for example, the temperature of the enclosure of an oven or of a tube bundle exchanger or finned tubes.
  • the combustion products from the plate 4 advantageously open directly into said enclosure, or onto the heating body, the wall 20 of the chamber 2 ending at the level of the plate 4, forming an air box. of the burner.
  • This embodiment of the burner also allows it to be used to heat a fluid 26, for example water contained in a balloon 23 (fig.5). It is then advantageous to have a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1, in which the gases, brought to high temperature, emerge from the combustion chamber 8 in a channel forming a coil 24. The heating of the base of the balloon and, thanks to the coil which by circulating in contact with the fluid forms heat exchanger, one can recover the heat of condensation, while maintaining a quite interesting compactness.
  • a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1 delivers a nominal power of the order of 12 kW by offering a range of power adjustment ranging substantially from 6 to approximately kW, thus offering high operating flexibility.
  • the wafer which may be unique, can under these conditions have a surface area of approximately 50 to 60 cm 2 and therefore a diameter of the order of 80 to 90 mm, which results in an equal power per unit area, on average, at around 0.2 kW / c m2 .
  • the battery forms a "projection" on the burner and that, under these conditions, the products of combustion escape directly towards the outside of the latter, in a combustion chamber.
  • This type of configuration is in particular intended to be adapted on cylindrical exchangers of low height in which can circulate, inside conduits 230, a cooling liquid, for example water; the fumes from combustion escaping at 220.
  • the premix chamber 3 surrounding the major part of the stack of ceramic plates escape first of all to a combustion chamber 8 which s extends, at least in part, inside the burner enclosure.
  • the secondary air from the chamber 2 is injected at the base of the stack into the combustion chamber, towards the center of the burner.
  • This configuration variant is more particularly intended for combustion chambers, for example cylindrical and of reduced diameter. Under these conditions, ignition and checking for the presence of flames takes place inside the burner.
  • the orientation of the intermediate spaces 12 formed between the plates 4 forming cells can be such that said intermediate spaces are formed substantially perpendicularly (fig. 3) to the gas flow (air, combustible gas) circulating in the chambers 2 and 3 as indicated by the arrows, or else be inclined towards the outside of the burner (FIG. 4) by forming an acute angle a with respect to the general direction of the gas flow.
  • the gases burned in the combustion chamber 8 are evacuated by orifices 260 formed in a grid 250, while being cooled, by exchange thermal, in contact with the tubes 240 in which circulates a cooling fluid, in particular water.
  • the ceramic plates offer a large emitting surface, the burner thus dissipating a large part of its power by radiation.
  • this particular design of the burner results in improved flame attachment, allowing a high power per cm 2 of wafer and allowing increased flexibility.
  • the circulation of secondary air improves the flexibility of the burner with respect to pressures and limited powers. It is thus possible to use all the combustible gases of the second or third family, with an extended power range which can be situated substantially between 0.10 and 0.30 kW / cm 2 of wafer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Abstract

A gas burner having a forced air intake and a combustible gas intake. A source of primary air also feeds secondary air to the combustion products at approximately the level of the surface of a plate through which combustion products escape.

Description

L'invention concerne un brûleur à gaz du type à air soufflé et à plaquette(s) céramique(s), destiné notamment à être utilisé sur des échangeurs ou divers foyers ayant une chambre de combustion de relativement petites dimensions.The invention relates to a gas burner of the supply air type and with ceramic plate (s), intended in particular for use on exchangers or various fireplaces having a combustion chamber of relatively small dimensions.

De nombreuses recherches ont été effectuées dans ce domaine.Much research has been done in this area.

On connaît, tout d'abord, des brûleurs à plaquettes céramique notamment utilisées pour chauffer des volumes libres importants tels, par exemple, des hangars ou des salles de grandes dimensions. Ces brûleurs fonctionnent généralement à l'air libre et ne sont pas destinés à être employés en foyers pressurisés.Firstly, ceramic plate burners are known, in particular used to heat large free volumes such as, for example, hangars or large rooms. These burners generally operate in the open air and are not intended for use in pressurized fireplaces.

On connaît aussi des brûleurs à plaquettes céramique pouvant être utilisés dans des chambres de combustion de brûleurs à gaz industriels, tel celui décrit au brevet US-A 4 224 019. Il s'agit en l'espèce d'un brûleur pourvu d'une chambre de prémélange alimentée en air sous pression et en gaz combustible, et d'une plaquette céramique sur laquelle s'ouvre la chambre de prémélange et à travers laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion.Also known are ceramic plate burners that can be used in combustion chambers of industrial gas burners, such as that described in US Pat. No. 4,224,019. This is a burner provided with a premix chamber supplied with pressurized air and combustible gas, and a ceramic plate on which the premix chamber opens and through which the products of combustion escape.

Sur un tel brûleur, l'air comburant est totalement mélangée au gaz combustible. Il s'agit donc d'un brûleur à "air total", catégorie de brûleurs auxquels sont liés certains désavantages. En particulier, l'augmentation de pression qui apparaît lors de l'allumage a tendance à provoquer la diminution du débit d'air et à faire osciller la flamme sur la plaquette, ce qui se traduit par une instabilité notoire provoquant des perturbations de fonctionnement du brûleur. En outre, ce phénomène entraîne l'apparition de bruits lors de l'allumage, ces bruits se développant dans la chambre de combustion pressurisée et se poursuivant, souvent, en régime permanent.On such a burner, the combustion air is completely mixed with the combustible gas. It is therefore a "total air" burner, a category of burners to which certain disadvantages are linked. In particular, the increase in pressure which appears during ignition tends to cause the reduction in the air flow and to cause the flame to oscillate on the wafer, which results in a noticeable instability causing disturbances in the operation of the burner. In addition, this phenomenon causes the appearance of noises during ignition, these noises developing in the pressurized combustion chamber and often continuing in steady state.

Parmi les autres brûleurs également connus, on peut encore noter ceux du type à air soufflé et à prémélange avec dérivation d'air, pourvus d'une grille d'accrochage de flammes. Cette technique permet d'obtenir une combustion relativement silencieuse et stable. Cependant, ce type de brûleur est relativement volumineux et n'est pas adapté pour être utilisé dans des chambres de combustion de petites dimensions, en coopération avec des échangeurs à fortes pertes de charge. En effet, si la plaquette céramique résiste, de par sa structure, à une forte température et permet une combustion avec une flamme très rentrée, un tel fonctionnement n'est pas envisageable sur un brûleur à grille sans entraîner, d'une part, la détérioration de celle-ci, et, d'autre part, des retours de flammes dans le brûleur.Among the other burners also known, we can also note those of the blown air and premix type with air bypass, provided with a flame attachment grid. This technique provides relatively quiet and stable combustion. However, this type of burner is relatively bulky and is not suitable for use in combustion chambers of small dimensions, in cooperation with exchangers with high pressure drops. Indeed, if the ceramic plate resists, by its structure, to a high temperature and allows combustion with a very drawn flame, such an operation cannot be envisaged on a grate burner without, on the one hand, the deterioration thereof, and, on the other hand, flashbacks in the burner.

L'invention a pour objet de résoudre ces difficultés. A cet effet, elle propose un brûleur du type comprenant une chambre de prémélange pour mélanger de l'air sous pression et un gaz combustible, ladite chambre s'ouvrant sur au moins une plaquette de céramique au niveau de laquelle s'effectue la combustion et qui présente, d'un côté, une surface intérieure dirigée vers la chambre de prémélange et, de l'autre, une surface extérieure où sont émis les produits de la combustion, une arrivée d'air sous pression, une arrivée de gaz combustible, et un circuit d'air primaire de combustion faisant communiquer l'arrivée d'air et la chambre de prémélange, ce brûleur se caractérisant en ce que ladite chambre de prémélange est alimentée par une partie seulement de l'air fourni au brûleur par l'arrivée d'air, ledit brûleur comprenant un circuit d'air secondaire assurant la communication entre l'arrivée d'air et la surface extérieure de ladite plaquette céramique, de manière à faire déboucher sur la surface extérieure de cette plaquette céramique la partie restante de l'air de combustion fourni au brûleur et assurer une pression sensiblement équivalente d'un côté et de l'autre de ladite plaquette.The object of the invention is to solve these difficulties. To this end, it provides a burner of the type comprising a premix chamber for mixing pressurized air and a combustible gas, said chamber opening onto at least one ceramic plate at which combustion takes place and which has, on one side, an inner surface directed towards the premix chamber and, on the other, an outer surface where the products of combustion are emitted, an inlet of pressurized air, an inlet of combustible gas, and a primary combustion air circuit communicating the air inlet and the premix chamber, this burner being characterized in that said premix chamber is supplied with only part of the air supplied to the burner by the air inlet, said burner comprising a secondary air circuit ensuring communication between the air inlet and the external surface of said ceramic plate, so as to open onto the external surface of this ceramic plate by remaining part of the combustion air supplied to the burner and ensure a substantially equivalent pressure on one side and the other of said plate.

De cette façon, la supression engendrée lors de l'allumage du brûleur au niveau de la surface de la plaquette par laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion est transmise par l'intermédiaire du circuit d'air secondaire vers la chambre de prémélange. Ce phénomène d'équilibrage des pressions de part et d'autre de la plaquette atténue les oscillations de la flamme et supprime tous les bruits d'allumage, notamment dus au soufflage et à l'étouffement du ventilateur qui alimente le brûleur en air. Cette stabilité de flamme offre la possibilité de maintenir en permanence, quelles que soient les conditions d'alimentation, la flamme très "rentrante" dans la plaquette, et ainsi concevoir des échangeurs plus compacts recevant une proportion importante de la puissance par rayonnement, minimisant ainsi la surface d'échange par convection. En outre, une partie du débit d'admission en air soufflé du brûleur étant dérivée dans le circuit d'air secondaire, le mélange gazeux est plus riche en gaz combustible, entraînant un meilleur accrochage de flamme autorisant un taux de charge (puissance par cm2 de plaquette) plus élevé et donc une souplesse accrue.In this way, the suppression generated during the ignition of the burner at the surface of the wafer through which the products of combustion escape is transmitted via the secondary air circuit to the premix chamber. This phenomenon of balancing the pressures on either side of the wafer attenuates the oscillations of the flame and eliminates all the ignition noises, in particular due to the blowing and suffocation of the fan which supplies the burner with air. This flame stability offers the possibility of permanently maintaining, whatever the supply conditions, the very "re-entering" flame in the wafer, and thus designing more compact exchangers receiving a significant proportion of the power by radiation, thus minimizing the exchange surface by convection. In addition, part of the supply air flow rate of the burner being diverted into the secondary air circuit, the gas mixture is richer in combustible gas, resulting in better flame attachment allowing a charge rate (power per cm 2 of wafer) higher and therefore increased flexibility.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le circuit d'air secondaire s'étend dans une seconde chambre qui présente une paroi commune avec la chambre de prémélange. Cette conception entraîne une fabrication à fois simple et compacte.According to another characteristic of the invention, the secondary air circuit extends in a second chamber which has a common wall with the premix chamber. This design results in both simple and compact manufacturing.

Eventuellement, selon une forme possible de réalisation de l'invention, le brûleur pourra comprendre plusieurs plaquettes de céramique, formées en piles, entre lesquelles seront ménagés des espaces intermédiaires communiquant avec la chambre de prémélange et à travers lesquels s'écouleront le mélange gazeux, la plaquette de sommet de-pite formant plaque d'obturation de la chambre de prémélange. On obtiendra ainsi une flamme de diamètre réduit, entraînant une réduction de diamètre réduit, entraînant une réduction du diamètre de la chambre de combustion et une compacité améliorée, notamment en ce qui concerne la conception des échangeurs.Optionally, according to a possible embodiment of the invention, the burner may comprise several ceramic plates, formed in stacks, between which will be provided intermediate spaces communicating with the premix chamber and through which the gas mixture will flow, the apex plate de-pite forming a blanking plate for the premix chamber. A flame of reduced diameter will thus be obtained, leading to a reduction in reduced diameter, resulting in a reduction in the diameter of the combustion chamber and an improved compactness, in particular as regards the design of the exchangers.

L'invention et sa mise en oeuvre apparaîtront plus clairement à l'aide de la description qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 montre une vue schématique, en coupe, d'un brûleur conforme à l'invention,
  • - La figure 2 présente une vue schématique d'une variante de réalisation possible du brûleur de l'invention,
  • - la figure 3 montre une représentation schématique du brûleur de l'invention comportant plusieurs plaquettes de céramique formées en piles,
  • - la figure 4 présente une représentation schématique d'une variante de réalisation du brûleur montré à la figure 3,
  • - la figure 5 montre le brûleur de la figure 1 dans une utilisation possible, à l'intérieur d'un ballon formant accumulateur d'eau chaude sanitaire.
  • - la figure 6 montre une utilisation possible du brûleur présenté figure 2.
The invention and its implementation will appear more clearly with the aid of the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view, in section, of a burner according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 presents a schematic view of a possible alternative embodiment of the burner of the invention,
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the burner of the invention comprising several ceramic plates formed in stacks,
  • FIG. 4 presents a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the burner shown in FIG. 3,
  • - Figure 5 shows the burner of Figure 1 in a possible use, inside a tank forming a domestic hot water accumulator.
  • - Figure 6 shows a possible use of the burner presented in Figure 2.

Si l'on se réfère, tout d'abord, à l'une quelconque des figures, on voit un brûleur repéré dans son ensemble 1 alimenté, respectivement, en air soufflé et en gaz combustible, par deux conduits séparés 5 et 6.If one refers, first of all, to any one of the figures, one sees a burner identified as a whole 1 supplied, respectively, with blown air and combustible gas, by two separate conduits 5 and 6.

De façon plus spécifique, le brûleur 1 comprend une chambre de prémélange 3 alimenté en air soufflé 5 et en gaz combustible 6 et débouchant sur au moins une plaquette de céramique 4. L'admission d'air soufflé 5, outre l'alimentation en air primaire de la chambre de prémélange 3, par des orifices de communication 15, alimente au moins un circuit d'air secondaire canalisé dans une chambre 2 et qui débouche sensiblement au niveau de la surface 41 de la plaquette de céramique 4, par laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion. La chambre 2, dans laquelle circule l'air secondaire, s'étend sensiblement sur toute la hauteur de la chambre de prémélange 3. En d'autres termes, le circuit d'air secondaire est en contact, ou baigne, une paroi 30 de la chambre de prémélange 3 et est canalisé dans la chambre 2 entre son admission 21 son évacuation 22 au niveau de la plaquette 4.More specifically, the burner 1 comprises a premix chamber 3 supplied with blown air 5 and combustible gas 6 and opening onto at least one ceramic plate 4. The intake of blown air 5, in addition to the air supply primary of the premix chamber 3, through communication orifices 15, feeds at least one secondary air circuit ducted in a chamber 2 and which opens out substantially at the level of the surface 41 of the ceramic plate 4, through which the products of combustion escape. The chamber 2, in which the secondary air circulates, extends substantially over the entire height of the premix chamber 3. In other words, the secondary air circuit is in contact with, or bathes, a wall 30 of the premix chamber 3 and is channeled into the chamber 2 between its intake 21 and its discharge 22 at the level of the wafer 4.

Avantageusement, les orifices de communication entre la chambre 2 et la chambre de prémélange 3 sont ménagés vers la base de la chambre 3 dans la paroi de celle-ci. Ces orifices peuvent, par exemple, être au nombre de 4, et être répartis, sensiblement régulièrement sur la périphérie de la paroi 30. En outre, l'alimentation de la chambre de prémélange 3 en gaz combustible, peut s'effectuer, par exemple, à travers des trous calibrés 61 qui communiquent avec le conduit d'admission de gaz 6. Il est à noter que, de façon à obtenir le dosage désiré gaz combustible/air primaire de combustion, on adapte, respectivement, le diamètre et le nombre des orifices 61 et 15. En se reportant, maintenant, de façon plus parti culière à la figure 1, on note que la chambre 2 entoure sensiblement annulairement la chambre de prémélange 3. De façon plus spécifique, la paroi 30 limitant la chambre de prémélange 3 forme un tube sensiblement cylindrique qui va en s'évasant dans le sens d'écoulement du mélange, c'est-à-dire, vers la plaque de céramique 4 sur laquelle débouche ladite chambre 3. Il est à noter que dans ces conditions, la paroi 30 forme paroi commune à la chambre de prémélange 3 et à la chambre 2, cette dernière étant limitée, en outre, par une enceinte extérieure 20 formant paroi cylindrique qui, dans le mode de réalisation retenu à la figure 1, s'étend au delà de la plaquette de céramique 4 en formant enveloppe 20a d'une chambre de combustion 8 du brûleur 1.Advantageously, the communication orifices between the chamber 2 and the premix chamber 3 are formed towards the base of the chamber 3 in the wall of the latter. These orifices can, for example, be 4 in number, and can be distributed, substantially regularly over the periphery of the wall 30. In addition, the supply of premix chamber 3 with combustible gas can be carried out, for example , through calibrated holes 61 which communicate with the gas inlet duct 6. It should be noted that, in order to obtain the desired dosage of fuel gas / primary combustion air, the diameter and the number are adapted, respectively orifices 61 and 15. Referring now to Particularly in FIG. 1, it is noted that the chamber 2 substantially annularly surrounds the premix chamber 3. More specifically, the wall 30 limiting the premix chamber 3 forms a substantially cylindrical tube which widens in the direction of flow of the mixture, that is to say, towards the ceramic plate 4 on which said chamber 3 opens. It should be noted that under these conditions , the wall 30 forms a wall common to the chamber re premix 3 and chamber 2, the latter being further limited by an outer enclosure 20 forming a cylindrical wall which, in the embodiment used in FIG. 1, extends beyond the ceramic plate 4 forming an envelope 20a of a combustion chamber 8 of the burner 1.

La plaquette de céramique 4 se présente, dans le mode de réalisation montré figure 1, sous la forme d'une plaquette unique à section sensiblement circulaire et s'étend transversalement à la chambre de prémélange 3, vers le sommet de celle-ci. Cette plaquette 4 dans laquelle sont ménagés, comme connus en soi, des orifices d'évacuation 13 du mélange gazeux combustible, est maintenue solidaire de la paroi 30 au moyen d'une bride 7 fixée sur ladite paroi et s'étendant, en outre, sensiblement transversalement à la chambre de préchauffage 3 en formant collerette 71. La fixation de la bride 7 sur la paroi 30 peut, par exemple, consister en un rivetage, un vissage ou encore un collage. On prendra soin, suivant le mode de fixation retenu, de prévoir un matériau métallique, tel que par exemple de l'acier ou de l'aluminium, et éventuellement une colle résistant aux températures élevées.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the ceramic plate 4 is in the form of a single plate with a substantially circular section and extends transversely to the premix chamber 3, towards the top of the latter. This plate 4 in which are formed, as known per se, discharge orifices 13 for the combustible gas mixture, is held integral with the wall 30 by means of a flange 7 fixed on said wall and extending, furthermore, substantially transversely to the preheating chamber 3 forming a flange 71. The fixing of the flange 7 on the wall 30 may, for example, consist of riveting, screwing or even bonding. Care will be taken, depending on the method of attachment chosen, to provide a metallic material, such as for example steel or aluminum, and possibly an adhesive resistant to high temperatures.

Dans la collerette 71 sont ménagés des trous calibrés 22 formant orifices de sortie de l'air secondaire qui, issu de la chambre 2 débouche alors dans la chambre de combustion 8. En outre, la collerette 71 vient sensiblement en appui contre la paroi 20 de la chambre 2 qui constitue l'enceinte extérieure du brûleur.In the collar 71 are formed calibrated holes 22 forming secondary air outlet orifices which, coming from the chamber 2 then opens into the combustion chamber 8. In addition, the collar 71 comes to bear substantially against the wall 20 of chamber 2 which constitutes the external enclosure of the burner.

On remarque que dans le mode de réalisation retenu à la figure 1, les éléments essentiels constitutifs du brûleur 1 sont disposés dans la chambre de combustion 8 dont la paroi extérieure 20a est commune à celle 20 de la chambre 2.It is noted that in the embodiment used in FIG. 1, the essential elements constituting the burner 1 are arranged in the combustion chamber 8, the outer wall 20a of which is common to that 20 of the chamber 2.

La base du brûleur est obturée par une embase 11 qui s'adapte sur l'extrémité de l'enceinte 20 et de la paroi 30 vers laquelle sont admis le gaz combustible et l'air. Dans cette embase sont ménagés les conduits d'alimentation 5 et 6 du brûleur. On peut prévoir que l'embase 11 recouvre légèrement la base de la paroi extérieure du brûleur, c'est-à-dire dans ce cas l'enceinte 20, vers son extrémité 20b.The base of the burner is closed by a base 11 which fits on the end of the enclosure 20 and of the wall 30 towards which the combustible gas and the air are admitted. In this base are provided the supply conduits 5 and 6 of the burner. It can be provided that the base 11 slightly covers the base of the external wall of the burner, that is to say in this case the enclosure 20, towards its end 20b.

Des joints 9 et 10 assurent, en outre, l'étanchéité.Seals 9 and 10 also provide sealing.

Le joint 9 ménage avantageusement un appui sensiblement étanche de la collerette 71 sur l'enceinte extérieure 20. On peut notamment prévoir un joint en céramique gainé de fibres de verre, ou tout autre joint résistant aux températures élevées.The seal 9 advantageously provides a substantially sealed support for the collar 71 on the outer enclosure 20. It is possible in particular to provide a ceramic seal sheathed with glass fibers, or any other seal resistant to high temperatures.

Le joint 10, disposé vers la base 20 b de l'enceinte 20, à sa jonction avec l'embase 11, isole la chambre 2, en évitant toute fuite d'air vers l'extérieur du brûleur. Ce joint peut être, par exemple, en caoutchouc ou en "Téflon" (marque déposée).The seal 10, disposed towards the base 20b of the enclosure 20, at its junction with the base 11, isolates the chamber 2, avoiding any air leakage towards the outside of the burner. This seal can be, for example, rubber or "Teflon" (registered trademark).

On notera que la chambre de prémélange 3 peut coulisser d'une distance X, le long de la paroi 20, de façon que la plaquette 4 vienne se placer sensiblement au niveau de la base 20b de l'enceinte 20, l'appui du joint 9 étant adapté pour permettre ce coulissement. Dans ce cas, on prévoit avantageusement une boîte "à air" allongée (non représentée) et disposée de façon à faire office de chambre 2 et à canaliser l'air secondaire autour de la chambre de prémélange 3, vers la collerette 71.It will be noted that the premix chamber 3 can slide from a distance X, along the wall 20, so that the plate 4 comes to be placed substantially at the level of the base 20b of the enclosure 20, the support of the joint 9 being adapted to allow this sliding. In this case, an elongated “air” box (not shown) is advantageously provided and arranged so as to act as chamber 2 and to channel the secondary air around the premix chamber 3, towards the flange 71.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 2, on voit une variante du brûleur présenté figure 1 dont les éléments constitutifs essentiels sont organisés et aménagés sensiblement de façon identique à ceux précédemment décrits.Referring now to FIG. 2, a variant of the burner presented in FIG. 1 is seen, the essential constituent elements of which are organized and arranged substantially in the same way as those previously described.

On notera cependant que les parois de la chambre de prémélange 3 et de la chambre 2 se présentent alors sous la forme de manchons coudés, respectivement 200 et 300, à sections sensiblement rectangulaires ou carrées.Note, however, that the walls of the room bre of premix 3 and of chamber 2 are then in the form of bent sleeves, respectively 200 and 300, with substantially rectangular or square sections.

Si l'on se réfère aux figures 3 et 4, on remarque que le brûleur 1 peut comprendre plusieurs plaquettes de céramique 4, formées en pile , entre lesquelles sont ménagés des espaces intermédiaires 12 communiquant avec la chambre de prémélange 3 et à travers lesquelles s'écoule le mélange gazeux issu de cette chambre. On notera que la plaquette de sommet de pile 14 forme plaque d'obturation de la chambre de prémélange 3. En outre, l'air secondaire circulant dans la chambre 2 débouche vers la base de la pile, du côté de la surface extérieure 41 desdites plaquettes.If we refer to Figures 3 and 4, we note that the burner 1 may include several ceramic plates 4, formed in a stack, between which are formed intermediate spaces 12 communicating with the premix chamber 3 and through which s flows the gas mixture from this chamber. Note that the stack top plate 14 forms a blanking plate for the premix chamber 3. In addition, the secondary air circulating in the chamber 2 opens towards the base of the stack, on the side of the exterior surface 41 of said platelets.

Avantageusement, chaque plaquette 4 de céramique formant la pile est constituée d'une rondelle 40 dont au moins l'une des faces est cannelée ou crénelée. De cette façon, l'espace libre laissé par les différents créneaux calibrés constitue les espaces intermédiaires précités et permet l'écoulement du mélange gazeux.Advantageously, each ceramic plate 4 forming the stack consists of a washer 40 of which at least one of the faces is grooved or crenellated. In this way, the free space left by the various calibrated slots constitutes the aforementioned intermediate spaces and allows the gas mixture to flow.

La cohésion des différentes plaquettes peut être assurée, notamment, par un emboîtement partiel des unes dans les autres, en formant, par exemple, une association du type tenon-mortaise.The cohesion of the various plates can be ensured, in particular, by a partial nesting of one in the other, by forming, for example, an association of the tenon-mortise type.

La pile ainsi formée est avantageusement disposée sensiblement parallèlement à l'écoulement gazeux qui circule de son admission 5, 6 vers les plaquettes 4, 14.The stack thus formed is advantageously disposed substantially parallel to the gas flow which flows from its inlet 5, 6 towards the plates 4, 14.

En se référant de façon plus particulière à la figure 3, on voit que la pile de rondelle 4 prolonge la chambre de prémélange 3, les orifices de sortie 22 de l'air secondaire étant ménagés au sommet de la chambre 2 et débouchant vers la base de la pile. Les orifices 22 peuvent être prévus sur une collerette 71, telle que décrite précédemment et qui assure, notamment le maintien de la plaquette de base de la pile.Referring more particularly to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the washer stack 4 extends the premix chamber 3, the outlet orifices 22 for the secondary air being formed at the top of the chamber 2 and opening towards the base. from the stack. The orifices 22 may be provided on a flange 71, as described above and which, in particular, maintains the base plate of the stack.

Dans le mode de réalisation présenté sur cette figure, la chambre 2 entoure la chambre de prémélange 3, cette dernière s'étendant jusqu'à la plaquette de sommet de pile 14.In the embodiment shown in this figure, the chamber 2 surrounds the premix chamber 3, the latter extending up to the stack top plate 14.

Faisant maintenant référence à la figure 4, la chambre de prémélange 3 entoure la chambre 2 et la . pile de plaquettes 4, la rondelle de sommet 14 présentant un diamètre plus important que les autres rondelles de la pile et venant, comme décrit précédemment, obturer le sommet de la chambre de prémélange.Referring now to Figure 4, the premix chamber 3 surrounds the chamber 2 and the. stack of plates 4, the top washer 14 having a larger diameter than the other washers of the stack and coming, as described above, to close the top of the premix chamber.

On notera que l'on peut prévoir une collerette 71 qui s'étend sensiblement transversalement vers le sommet de la chambre 2 et dans laquelle sont ménagés des orifices 22 de sortie de l'air secondaire. La collerette peut notamment former bride de fixation de la base de la pile.Note that one can provide a flange 71 which extends substantially transversely towards the top of the chamber 2 and in which are formed orifices 22 for the outlet of the secondary air. The collar can in particular form a flange for fixing the base of the battery.

Le brûleur de l'invention, présenté dans un certain nombre de variantes non limitatives, fonctionne de la façon suivante.The burner of the invention, presented in a number of non-limiting variants, operates as follows.

L'air soufflé issu du conduit d'alimentation 5, relié par exemple à un ventilateur 25 (fig.2), débouche dans la chambre 2, vers la base de laquelle il se répartit entre un débit d'air appelé primaire, admis dans la chambre de prémélange 3 par les orifices 15, et un débit d'air dit secondaire qui est canalisé dans la chambre 2 vers les orifices 22 par lesquels il est injecté au niveau de la plaquette 4 vers sa surface extérieure 41, sans être mélangé au gaz combustible.The blown air from the supply duct 5, connected for example to a fan 25 (fig. 2), opens into the chamber 2, towards the base of which it is distributed between an air flow called primary, admitted in the premix chamber 3 via the orifices 15, and a so-called secondary air flow which is channeled in the chamber 2 towards the orifices 22 through which it is injected at the level of the wafer 4 towards its external surface 41, without being mixed with the combustible gas.

Par ailleurs, le débit d'air primaire est mélangé au gaz combustible issu du conduit 6 et s'écoule dans la chambre de prémélange 3 vers la plaquette de céramique (figures 1 et 2) ou vers la pile de plaquettes (figures 3 et 4) où il est enflammé.Furthermore, the primary air flow is mixed with the combustible gas coming from the duct 6 and flows in the premix chamber 3 towards the ceramic plate (Figures 1 and 2) or towards the stack of plates (Figures 3 and 4 ) where it is inflamed.

De façon à éclairer la description, on a représenté sur les différentes figures l'écoulement, dû à la surpression d'alimentation, de l'air primaire et du gaz combustible en trait plein et, de l'air secondaire en traits pointillés.In order to clarify the description, the various figures show the flow, due to the overpressure of supply, of the primary air and the combustible gas in solid lines and, of the secondary air in dotted lines.

On notera qu'afin d'assurer une bonne répartition du débit d'air dès son entrée dans le brûleur, un déflecteur formant plaque 16 peut être disposé sensiblement transversalement vers la base de la chambre 2.It will be noted that in order to ensure a good distribution of the air flow as soon as it enters the burner, a plate deflector 16 can be arranged substantially transversely towards the base of the chamber 2.

En outre, pour homogénéiser le mélange gaz/air primaire de combustion on peut prévoir une grille 17 qui s'étend sensiblement transversalement à l'écoulement du mélange gazeux dans la chambre de prémélange 3.In addition, to homogenize the gas / primary combustion air mixture, it is possible to provide a grid 17 which extends substantially transversely to the flow of the gas mixture in the premix chamber 3.

L'allumage du brûleur et le contrôle de bon fonctionnement de sa flamme peuvent s'effectuer, notamment, par des électrodes 18, 19, respectivement, d'allumage et d'ionisation qui peuvent être fixées sur la collerette 71 décrite précédemment et sont alimentées sous haute tension adaptée (non représenté).The ignition of the burner and the checking of the proper functioning of its flame can be carried out, in particular, by electrodes 18, 19, respectively, of ignition and ionization which can be fixed on the flange 71 described above and are supplied under suitable high voltage (not shown).

Avantageusement, l'électrode d'allumage 180 s'étend, dans la chambre de combustion 8, à proximité de la surface 41 de la (des) plaquettes(s) par laquelle s'échappent les produits de la combustion.Advantageously, the ignition electrode 180 extends, in the combustion chamber 8, near the surface 41 of the plate (s) through which the products of combustion escape.

Les flammes de combustion se développent alors dans les orifices 13, ou les espaces intermédiaires 12, en direction de la chambre de combustion 8.The combustion flames then develop in the orifices 13, or the intermediate spaces 12, in the direction of the combustion chamber 8.

Les orifices calibrés 15 et 61 permettent d'obtenir un mélange riche en gaz combustible dans la zone de prémélange 3, ce qui entraîne une flamme que l'on peut maintenir dans la (les) plaquette(s) et qui se développe notamment dans les orifices 13 (figures 1, 2) ou les espaces intermédiaires 12 (figures 3, 4).The calibrated orifices 15 and 61 make it possible to obtain a mixture rich in combustible gas in the premix zone 3, which causes a flame which can be maintained in the wafer (s) and which develops in particular in the holes 13 (Figures 1, 2) or the intermediate spaces 12 (Figures 3, 4).

L'air secondaire injecté au niveau de la surface 41 d'évacuation des produits de combustion termine la combustion du mélange gazeux. De cette façon, on peut augmenter la souplesse du brûleur vis-à-vis des pressions limites et des gaz, quelle que soit la famille à laquelle ils appartiennent. En effet, cette conception particulière permet de décaler la zone de soufflage de la flamme en faisant, pour un réglage nominal, rentrer cette dernière de façon plus importante dans la plaquette céramique, sans détériorer les conditions de combustion. En outre, cette configuration autorise l'admission de tous les gaz combustibles de la deuxième famille, ainsi que ceux de la troisième famille. On notera que, pour les gaz de la deuxième famille, le remplacement d'un gaz du groupe H (fort pouvoir calorifique) par un gaz du groupe L (faible pouvoir calorifique) ou inversement, à leur pression respective d'alimentation, ne nécessite aucune intervention sur le brûleur.The secondary air injected at the surface 41 for evacuating the combustion products ends the combustion of the gas mixture. In this way, the flexibility of the burner can be increased with respect to limit pressures and gases, regardless of the family to which they belong. Indeed, this particular design makes it possible to offset the blowing area of the flame by making, for a nominal adjustment, the latter enter more significantly into the ceramic plate, without deteriorating the combustion conditions. In addition, this configuration allows the admission of all combustible gases of the second family, as well as those of the third family. It will be noted that, for gases of the second family, the replacement of a gas of group H (high calorific value) by a gas of group L (low calorific value) or vice versa, at their respective supply pressure, does not require no intervention on the burner.

Le brûleur de l'invention, notamment celui présenté figure 1, ou éventuellement celui de la figure 2, est adapté pour assurer, par exemple, la mise en température de l'enceinte d'un four ou encore d'un échangeur à faisceaux de tubes ou à tubes à ailettes. Dans ce cas, les produits de combustion issus de la plaquette 4 débouchent, avantageusement, directement dans ladite enceinte, ou sur le corps de chauffe, la paroi 20 de la chambre 2 se terminant au niveau de la plaquette 4, en formant boîte à air du brûleur.The burner of the invention, in particular that present té figure 1, or possibly that of Figure 2, is suitable for ensuring, for example, the temperature of the enclosure of an oven or of a tube bundle exchanger or finned tubes. In this case, the combustion products from the plate 4 advantageously open directly into said enclosure, or onto the heating body, the wall 20 of the chamber 2 ending at the level of the plate 4, forming an air box. of the burner.

Ce mode de réalisation du brûleur permet, en outre, son utilisation pour chauffer un fluide 26, par exemple de l'eau contenue dans un ballon 23 (fig.5). Il est alors avantageux de disposer d'un brûleur conforme à celui présenté figure 1, dans lequel on fait déboucher les gaz, portés à haute température, issus de la chambre de combustion 8 dans un canal formant serpentin 24. On limite ainsi la chauffe de la base du ballon et, grâce au serpentin qui en circulant en contact du fluide forme échangeur thermique, on peut récupérer la chaleur de condensation, tout en maintenant une compacité tout à fait intéressante.This embodiment of the burner also allows it to be used to heat a fluid 26, for example water contained in a balloon 23 (fig.5). It is then advantageous to have a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1, in which the gases, brought to high temperature, emerge from the combustion chamber 8 in a channel forming a coil 24. The heating of the base of the balloon and, thanks to the coil which by circulating in contact with the fluid forms heat exchanger, one can recover the heat of condensation, while maintaining a quite interesting compactness.

On peut citer, à titre d'exemple, qu'un brûleur conforme à celui présenté figure 1, délivre une puissance nominale de l'ordre de 12 kW en offrant une gamme de réglage en puissance allant sensiblement de 6 à environ kW, offrant ainsi une souplesse de fonctionnement élevée. La plaquette qui peut être unique, peut dans ces conditions présenter une surface d'environ 50 à 60 cm2 et donc un diamètre de l'ordre de 80 à 90 mm, ce qui entraîne une puissance par unité de surface égale, en moyenne, à environ 0,2 kW/cm2.We can cite, by way of example, that a burner conforming to that presented in FIG. 1, delivers a nominal power of the order of 12 kW by offering a range of power adjustment ranging substantially from 6 to approximately kW, thus offering high operating flexibility. The wafer which may be unique, can under these conditions have a surface area of approximately 50 to 60 cm 2 and therefore a diameter of the order of 80 to 90 mm, which results in an equal power per unit area, on average, at around 0.2 kW / c m2 .

Si l'on se reporte au fonctionnement du brû leur figure 3, on note que la pile forme "saillie" au brûleur et que, dans ces conditions, les produits de combustion s'échappent directement vers l'extérieur de celui-ci, dans une chambre de combustion. Ce type de configuration est notamment destiné à être adapté sur des échangeurs cylindriques de faible hauteur dans lesquels peut circuler, à l'intérieur de conduites 230, un liquide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau ; les fumées issues de la combustion s'échappant en 220.If we refer to the operation of the burner in FIG. 3, it is noted that the battery forms a "projection" on the burner and that, under these conditions, the products of combustion escape directly towards the outside of the latter, in a combustion chamber. This type of configuration is in particular intended to be adapted on cylindrical exchangers of low height in which can circulate, inside conduits 230, a cooling liquid, for example water; the fumes from combustion escaping at 220.

En se référant par contre à la figure 4, on remarque que, la chambre de prémélange 3 entourant la majeure partie de la pile de plaquettes céramiques, les produits de combustion s'échappent tout d'abord vers une chambre de combustion 8 qui s'étend, au moins en partie, à l'intérieur de l'enceinte du brûleur. Dans cette variante, l'air secondaire issu de la chambre 2 est injecté à la base de la pile dans la chambre de combustion, vers le centre du brûleur. Cette variante de configuration est plus particulièrement destinée à des chambres de combustion par exemple cylindriques et de diamètre réduit. Dans ces conditions, l'allumage et le contrôle de la présence de flammes s'effectuent à l'intérieur du brûleur.Referring, on the other hand, to FIG. 4, it is noted that, the premix chamber 3 surrounding the major part of the stack of ceramic plates, the combustion products escape first of all to a combustion chamber 8 which s extends, at least in part, inside the burner enclosure. In this variant, the secondary air from the chamber 2 is injected at the base of the stack into the combustion chamber, towards the center of the burner. This configuration variant is more particularly intended for combustion chambers, for example cylindrical and of reduced diameter. Under these conditions, ignition and checking for the presence of flames takes place inside the burner.

On peut noter que l'orientation des espaces intermédiaires 12 ménagés entre les plaquettes 4 formant piles, peut être telle que lesdits espaces intermédiaires sont formés sensiblement perpendiculairement (fig.3) à l'écoulement gazeux (air, gaz combustible) circulant dans les chambres 2 et 3 telles que matérialisées par les flèches, ou bien être inclinée vers l'extérieur du brûleur (figure 4) en formant un angle a aigu par rapport à la direction générale de l'écoulement gazeux.It can be noted that the orientation of the intermediate spaces 12 formed between the plates 4 forming cells, can be such that said intermediate spaces are formed substantially perpendicularly (fig. 3) to the gas flow (air, combustible gas) circulating in the chambers 2 and 3 as indicated by the arrows, or else be inclined towards the outside of the burner (FIG. 4) by forming an acute angle a with respect to the general direction of the gas flow.

Si on se réfère à la figure 6, on voit une application du brûleur présenté figure 2. Dans ce cas, les gaz brûlés dans la chambre de combustion 8 sont évacués par des orifices 260 ménagés dans une grille 250, en étant refroidis, par échange thermique, au contact des tubes 240 dans lesquels circule un fluide de refroidissement, notamment de l'eau.If we refer to FIG. 6, we see an application of the burner presented in FIG. 2. In this case, the gases burned in the combustion chamber 8 are evacuated by orifices 260 formed in a grid 250, while being cooled, by exchange thermal, in contact with the tubes 240 in which circulates a cooling fluid, in particular water.

Toutes les caractéristiques du brûleur de l'invention concourent à procurer à celui-ci des avantages appréciables.All the characteristics of the burner of the invention contribute to providing it with appreciable advantages.

On peut notamment relever que grâce à la présence d'air secondaire la surpression engendrée par l'allumage du brûleur dans la chambre de combustion 8, et donc à proximité de la surface d'évacuation 41, se communique par les orifices 22 à la chambre 2 puis, par l'intermédiaire des orifices de communication 15, à la chambre de prémélange 3. Ce phénomène permet d'équilibrer les pressions régnant de part et d'autre de la (des) plaplaquette(s) et atténue les oscillations de flammes lors de l'allumage en supprimant tous les bruits de soufflage ou d'étouffement provenant notamment du ventilateur. En outre, grâce à une ventilation permanente des électrodes 18, 19, par la circulation d'air secondaire, on réduit les problèmes liés au dépôt de condensat sur la surface extérieure desdites électrodes, favorisant ainsi les conditions d'allumage.It can in particular be noted that thanks to the presence of secondary air the overpressure generated by the ignition of the burner in the combustion chamber 8, and therefore close to the discharge surface 41, is communicated by the orifices 22 to the chamber 2 then, via the communication orifices 15, to the premix chamber 3. This phenomenon makes it possible to balance the pressures prevailing on either side of the plate (s) and attenuates the oscillations of flames during ignition by suppressing all the noises of blowing or suffocation coming in particular from the fan. In addition, thanks to permanent ventilation of the electrodes 18, 19, by the circulation of secondary air, the problems associated with the deposition of condensate on the external surface of said electrodes are reduced, thereby promoting the ignition conditions.

On notera que, notamment dans les variantes présentées aux figures 3 et 4, les plaquettes de céramiques offrent une grande surface émettrice, le brûleur dissipant ainsi une part importante de sa puissance par rayonnement. On peut alors concevoir des échangeurs plus compacts recevant une proportion importante de la puissance par rayonnement minimisant ainsi la surface d'échange par convection.It will be noted that, in particular in the variants presented in FIGS. 3 and 4, the ceramic plates offer a large emitting surface, the burner thus dissipating a large part of its power by radiation. One can then design more compact exchangers receiving a significant proportion of the power by radiation, thus minimizing the exchange surface by convection.

Par ailleurs, cette conception particulière du brûleur entraîne un accrochage de flammes amélioré, permettant une puissance par cm2 de plaquette élevée et autorisant une souplesse accrue. En effet, la circulation d'air secondaire améliore la souplesse du brûleur vis-à-vis des pressions et des puissances limitées. On peut ainsi utiliser tous les gaz combustibles de la deuxième ou de la troisième famille, avec une plage de puissance étendue que l'on peut situer sensiblement entre 0,10 et 0,30 kW/cm2 de plaquette.Furthermore, this particular design of the burner results in improved flame attachment, allowing a high power per cm 2 of wafer and allowing increased flexibility. In fact, the circulation of secondary air improves the flexibility of the burner with respect to pressures and limited powers. It is thus possible to use all the combustible gases of the second or third family, with an extended power range which can be situated substantially between 0.10 and 0.30 kW / cm 2 of wafer.

Claims (13)

1. Gas burner of the type comprising:
- a premixing chamber (3) for mixing the pressurised air and a combustible gas, the said chamber opening onto at least one small ceramic plate (4, 40) at the level of which combustion takes place and which comprises on one side an inner surface directed towards the premixing chamber and on the other an outer surface (41) at which the products of combustion are emitted,
- a pressurised air inlet (5),
- a combustible gas inlet (6),
- and a primary combustion air circuit establishing communication between the air inlet (5) and the said premixing chamber (3),
- characterised in that the said premixing chamber (3) is supplied with only a part of the air fed to the burner by the said air inlet (5), the said burner comprising a secondary air circuit providing communication between the air inlet (5) and the outer surface (41) of the said ceramic plate (4, 40) in order to discharge onto the said outer surface of the ceramic plate the remaining part of the combustion air supplied to the burner ensuring a substantially equivalent pressure on both sides of the said plate.
2. Burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the secondary air circuit extends into a second chamber (2) having a wall (30) in common with the said premixing chamber (3).
3. Burner according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the said second chamber (2) encloses the said premixing chamber (3), an orifice (159) for the circulation of air between the said chambers being provided in their common wall (30).
4. Burner according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the said premixing chamber (3) encloses the said second chamber (2), an orifice for the circulation of air between the said chambers being provided in their common wall (30).
5. Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a flange (7) fixed on the common wall (30) with the premixing chamber (3) and the said chamber (2), fixing at least one plate (4) on this same wall (30), the said flange (7) extending substantially crosswise to the said second chamber (2) forming a collar (71) in which are provided calibrated holes (22) for the outlet of secondary air and on which there is fixed at least one burner igniting device (18, 19).
6. Burner according to claim 5, characterised in that the said collar (71) bears substantially against the outer wall (20) of the second chamber (2), forming an enclosure for closing the burner.
7. Burner according to claim 6, characterised in that the outer wall (20) of the said second chamber (2) extends beyond the plate (4) onto which discharges the premixing chamber (3), forming a casing (20a) of a combustion chamber (8) of the burner.
8. Burner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of ceramic plates (4, 40) formed into a stack, between which plates there are intermediate spaces (12) communication with the said premixing chamber (3) and through which the gaseous mixture flows, the plate (14) at the top of the pile forming a plate which occludes the premixing chamber (3).
9. Burner according to claim 8, characterised in that each plate (4, 40) consists of a ring (14) having at least one channelled surface.
10. Burner according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that the plates (4, 40) are at least partially housed within one another.
11. Burner according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the said stack of plates extends the premixing chamber (3), the secondary air which circulates in the said second chamber (2) discharging towards the base of the stack of plates.
12. Burner according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the premixing chamber (3) encloses the stack of plates, the secondary air which circulates in the said second chamber (2) discharging towards the base of the said stack.
13. Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a grille (17) for homogenising the gaseous air and combustible gas mixture is disposed in the said premixing chamber (3) in the path of circulation of the said mixture.
EP86402467A 1985-11-06 1986-11-04 Forced-draft gas burner Expired EP0223691B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86402467T ATE43700T1 (en) 1985-11-06 1986-11-04 PNEUMATIC GAS BURNER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8516439 1985-11-06
FR8516439A FR2589555B1 (en) 1985-11-06 1985-11-06 BLOW AIR GAS BURNER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0223691A1 EP0223691A1 (en) 1987-05-27
EP0223691B1 true EP0223691B1 (en) 1989-05-31

Family

ID=9324562

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86402467A Expired EP0223691B1 (en) 1985-11-06 1986-11-04 Forced-draft gas burner

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US4752213A (en)
EP (1) EP0223691B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE43700T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1278251C (en)
DE (1) DE3663733D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2008678B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2589555B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3663733D1 (en) 1989-07-06
ATE43700T1 (en) 1989-06-15
FR2589555B1 (en) 1989-11-10
ES2008678B3 (en) 1989-08-01
FR2589555A1 (en) 1987-05-07
US4752213A (en) 1988-06-21
EP0223691A1 (en) 1987-05-27
CA1278251C (en) 1990-12-27

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