EP0221262B1 - Dalles céramiques de grande taille avec attaches au revers de la face - Google Patents

Dalles céramiques de grande taille avec attaches au revers de la face Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221262B1
EP0221262B1 EP86111135A EP86111135A EP0221262B1 EP 0221262 B1 EP0221262 B1 EP 0221262B1 EP 86111135 A EP86111135 A EP 86111135A EP 86111135 A EP86111135 A EP 86111135A EP 0221262 B1 EP0221262 B1 EP 0221262B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tile
ceramic
tile according
holding elements
glaze
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86111135A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0221262A1 (fr
Inventor
Gottfried Dr. Cremer
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Bard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGROB-BUCHTAL GMBH
Original Assignee
Buchtal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buchtal GmbH filed Critical Buchtal GmbH
Priority to AT86111135T priority Critical patent/ATE38375T1/de
Publication of EP0221262A1 publication Critical patent/EP0221262A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0221262B1 publication Critical patent/EP0221262B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/005—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with anchoring or fastening elements for the shaped articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/526—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits with adaptations not otherwise provided for, for connecting, transport; for making impervious or hermetic, e.g. sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a large-format ceramic plate with holding elements provided on its side facing away from the visible side.
  • Exterior cladding of facades is therefore only a format of a maximum of 0.1 square meters, z. B. 30 x 30 cm approved.
  • edge support allows only relatively small format sizes, e.g. B. 60 x 60 cm, as the load can only be transferred via the structurally unfavorable fastening points on the edge, i.e. there are very high voltage peaks in the case of a point-by-point load entry that occurs with the clamp bracket.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a plate, the mounting elements of which ensure that the requirements for a statically stable fastening of the plate are met, regardless of how the plate has to be oriented in space due to the structural conditions.
  • the mounting problem can be solved very easily with such a plate.
  • Such cracks are particularly dangerous in the case of external cladding exposed to the weather because rain that penetrates into the cracks can impair the connection or can even be blown up in the event of frost.
  • the holding elements can be fired ceramic elements which, as such, serve to fasten the plate directly or else to accommodate a metallic fastener. In the latter case, you are completely free to choose the material for the fasteners.
  • a glaze which has a melting point below the quartz transformation point (573 ° C.)
  • the fired ceramic plate covered with the corresponding fired holding elements having been heated again to a temperature below the quartz transformation point
  • the principle of the invention can be used can also be used on plates with surface glaze, since this does not suffer when the plate provided with the holding elements is fired again because its melting point is not reached.
  • a flat, breakthrough element that can be connected to a power source and is made of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance whose melting point is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.
  • a flat element should be understood to mean both a foil-like element, but also a network or a meander, provided that there are sufficient openings that can be penetrated by the glaze.
  • the holding elements can be provided with recesses or bores for receiving metallic fastening means, which considerably facilitates the attachment of the plate according to the invention designed in this way to, for example, a framework or the like.
  • these metallic fasteners are used in the after-firing to connect the ceramic mounting elements and the ceramic plate with the help of the ceramic glaze through the furnace, where they can not be affected because this after-firing temperature is comparatively low. A central load transfer is reliably achieved due to the positive connection between the ceramic mounting element and the metallic fastening means.
  • the afterburning can also take place without such metallic fastening means if the recess or bore is designed in such a way that a subsequent insertion of metallic fastening means into the holding elements is possible.
  • Such fasteners can then be, for example, expansion dowels, insertion pins, spacers or the like.
  • the invention can also be implemented in such a way that the mounting element itself forms the fastening means and as such can be connected to a power source. It then consists of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance, the melting point of which is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.
  • the plate is slightly lowered at the attachment points of the mounting elements in the area corresponding to the layout of these elements, for example by grinding. This achieves an additional locking of the ceramic mounting elements in the direction of the plate level in the production of the ceramic plate according to the invention.
  • the holding elements can have a depression on the surface coming into contact with this plate side.
  • An annular web-like residual surface then remains, which preferably does not sit on the plate, but is at a minimal distance from it.
  • This gap is sealed by an aging-resistant adhesive made of a material that is resistant to atmospheric influences and seals after the connection fire.
  • the invention thus creates a plate which can be fastened directly to walls, ceilings, mounting frames or the like and in which the attachment points can be freely selected from a static point of view.
  • the plate and mounting elements and possibly also the fastening means consist of the same material; a homogeneous part is created. This causes the same coefficient of thermal expansion and the same strength properties in the area of the fastening of the mounting elements. Even if the fastener is made of metal, this does not change the formation of a homogeneous body from the plate and the holding element. In the other embodiment, there is the advantage that the ceramic holding element can be dispensed with.
  • both the holding element or the fastening means and the ceramic plate and also the glaze applied on the visible side of the ceramic plate remain completely unchanged .
  • the mounting elements or fasteners are not located on the edge, but in the parts on the side of the plate facing away from the visible side, which provide the best structural options for fastening.
  • the edge areas remain completely unaffected by the holder, so that the disadvantages associated with an edge attachment are basically avoided. From a static point of view, this enables the transition from a two-point bearing, as is the case with the edge fastening, to a multi-point bearing.
  • the size and shape of the base of the ceramic support element or Fasteners can be selected so that the stress peaks that occur in the mounting points do not exceed the stresses in the middle of the field, ie in the middle of the field bounded by the fastening points.
  • the coating also cover the area of the holding elements and to cover them, because in the event of an acid attack caused by atmospheric conditions, the durability of the ceramic connection can be called into question.
  • This shatterproof coating preferably consists of a mineral, preferably glass fiber fabric or nonwoven, which is impregnated with an epoxy resin.
  • the mounting elements are expedient not to design the mounting elements as a sharp-edged cuboid or cylinder, but rather in a dome shape in a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the side of the plate facing away from the visible side, at least covering the area of the mounting elements, with a air and water impermeable coating, e.g. B. is provided with a silicone coating or is used to hold the metal fastener part of the support element after the connection of the support element, fastener and plate serving fire with a sealing, water-repellent, infusible hardening material.
  • Another solution to this problem is to ensure that acid rain or moisture can immediately drain from the area of the ceramic bond. This is preferably done with the aid of channel-like recesses which extend from the edge of the holding element in the part which is intended to hold the metallic fastening means in at least one direction, preferably in four mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the drawing shows four exemplary embodiments in four figures.
  • Fig. 1 denotes the ceramic plate, which on its side facing away from the visible side at 2 has a circular depression, for example in plan, in which the binder in the form of a ceramic glaze 3 is applied.
  • the ceramic mounting element 4 which in the exemplary embodiment shown has, for example, a through-hole 5, into which a metallic fastening means, here in the form of a screw 6, has been inserted before the ceramic mounting element 4 is placed, with the aid of which the ceramic plate is attached a substructure not shown can be attached.
  • the ceramic plate 1 can also be attached to a ceiling.
  • the connection of the plate with its support, e.g. B. a substructure remains clearly hidden from the viewer, d. H. the appearance of the cladding is completely undisturbed.
  • a flat structure is on average, for. B. in the form of a meander made of a metallic material with high electrical resistance, which is embedded in the glaze 3 and acted on by the connections 8 and 9 with electrical current and can thus be heated above the melting temperature of the glaze.
  • 13 and 14 mean channels, grooves or other recesses which connect the space around the head 15 of the metallic fastening means 6 to the area outside the ceramic mounting element 4, so that moisture which has penetrated can flow off again undisturbed.
  • Four channels or the like which are perpendicular to one another are preferably provided.
  • the ceramic plate is a circular depression, for example in plan, and 3 is the ceramic glaze.
  • the ceramic mounting element is omitted here.
  • the fastening means which is designated here by 10
  • the fastening means 10 has a widening 11 which fits into the depression 2.
  • the fastening means 10 consists of a material having a high specific electrical resistance and can be connected to a power source in a manner not shown and can thus be heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the glaze.
  • Fig. 4 shows a slightly modified embodiment, similar to that of Fig. 1.
  • this variant is also possible in the embodiments of Figs. 2 and 3 with appropriate adjustment.
  • the reference numeral 1 in turn indicates the ceramic plate, the surface 22 of which faces away from the visible side 21 is flat in this case, that is to say has no depression.
  • a ceramic mounting element 24 is placed, which in its essential form z. B. corresponds to the support member 4 of FIG. 1.
  • the holding element 24 has a depression 25 which is surrounded by a web-shaped edge 26.
  • a fastening means in the form of a screw 6 is inserted in the central bore 5, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the space gained through the recess 25 is filled with ceramic glaze as a binder.
  • the connection of the support element 24 and plate 1 by this binder takes place in the manner described above by a second fire.
  • the remaining surface surrounding the recess 25, ie the web-shaped edge 26 is at a small distance from the surface 22 of the plate 1, so that a gap 27 remains.
  • the web-shaped edge 26 is connected to the surface 22 of the plate by means of an aging-resistant adhesive made of a material which is resistant to atmospheric influences and which is introduced after the second fire, which serves to connect plate 1 and support element 24, and so on the glaze produced in the recess 25 provides a particularly good protection against atmospheric influences.
  • the glaze 3 preferably has a melting point below the quartz transformation point, the fired ceramic plate with the corresponding holding elements having been heated again to a temperature below the quartz transformation point.
  • the proposed ceramic connection may not have the necessary durability against atmospheric acid attack, therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is expedient on the side of the plate facing away from the visible side at least in the area of the holding elements 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or 11 according to FIG. 3, which covers it with an anti-breakage coating 12.
  • This break-resistant coating consists of a mineral, preferably glass fiber fabric or fleece, which is impregnated with an epoxy resin. This not only increases the panel's resistance to breakage, but in particular also protects the entire composite body against atmospheric influences.
  • break-proof coating is replaced by a coating made of an air- and water-impermeable and / or water-repellent material, the structure of the construction does not change, so that an additional figure is not shown here.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a support member 4, the application of such a shatterproof coating in particular; makes easy.
  • the dome-shaped or dome-shaped design of the holding element 4 can be seen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (18)

1. Dalle céramique de grande taille avec attaches au revers de la face, caractérisée en ce que les attaches (4, 24) sont fixées aux emplacements de fixation imposés par les nécessités de la statique au moyen d'un émail céramique (3) dont le coéfficient de dilatation thermique est au moins approximativement égal à celui de la dalle céramique (1).
2. Dalle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les attaches (4, 24) sont des éléments céramiques cuits servant à recevoir un dispositif de fixation métallique (6).
3. Dalle selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'émail (3) a un point de fusion inférieur au point de transformation du quartz (573° C), la dalle céramique cuite (1) qui comprend les attaches correspondantes (4, 24) étant chauffée une fois encore à une température inférieure au point de transformation du quartz.
4. Dalle selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que l'émail céramique (3) comprend, enrobé dans sa masse, un élément plat (7) qui comporte des ouvertures de passage, qui peut etre raccordé à une source de courant (par l'intermédiaire de raccords 8, 9) et qui est constituée par un matériau ayant une résistivité électrique élevée, dont le point de fusion est très supérieur du point de fusion de l'émail céramique (3) et dont le coéfficient de dilatation thermique est approximativement égal à celui de l'émail céramique (3).
5. Dalle selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le matériau choisi pour constituer l'élément plat (7) a un facteur de température de la résistance électrique entre 20 et 600°C supérieur à 2.
6. Dalle selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les attaches (4, 24) comportent un évidement ou son alésage (5) destinés a recevoir un dispositif de fixation métallique (6).
7. Dalle selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les dispositifs de fixation (6) sont insérés par adaptation des formes dans les attaches céramiques (4).
8. Dalle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de fixation (10, 11) lui-même peut être relié à une source de courant et il est constitué par un matériau métallique qui présente une résistivité électrique élevée, dont le point de fusion est très supérieur au point de fusion de l'émail céramique et dont le coéfficient de dilatation thermique est approximativement égal à celui de l'émail céramique (figure 3).
9. Dalle selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le matériau choisi a un facteur de température de la résistance éléctrique entre 20 et 600°C supérieur à 2.
10. Dalle selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'aux emplacements de mise en place des éléments de fixation (4, 10, 11), elle est légèrement surbaissée en 2 sur la surface correspondant au contour en plan de ces éléments.
11. Dalle selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les attaches (24) comportent sur la surface qui vient au contact avec le côté (22) situé a l'opposé du côté visible (21) de la dalle (1), une partie surbaissée (25).
12. Dalle selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la surface résiduelle (bord 26) qui entoure la partie surbaissée (25) est reliée d'une manière durable, par un adhésif résistant au vieillissement appliqué après la cuisson servant à l'assemblage de la dalle (1) et de l'attache (24) et constitué par un matériau d'étanchéité résistant aux agents atmosphériques, au côté (22) de la dalle (1) qui est à l'opposé au côté visible (21).
13. Dalle selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que le côte de la dalle (1) qui est à l'opposé du côté visible comporte, au moins dans les zones partielles englobant la plus grande longueur de la dalle, un revêtement (12) de protection entre les ruptures (figure 1).
14. Dalle selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement de protection contre les ruptures s'étend dans la zone des attaches (4, 10, 11,24) et contribue à les couvrir.
15. Dalle selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement de protection contre les ruptures est constitué par un tissu au un écheveau de matière minérale, de préférence de fibres ou de laine de verre, imprégné de résine epoxy.
16. Dalle selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que les attaches (4,24) sont en forme de coupoles (figures 1 et 4).
17. Dalle selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que le côté de la dalle situé à l'opposé du côté visible comporte au moins dans la zone des attaches et les recouvrant, un revêtement hydrofuge, imperméable à l'air.
18. Dalle selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisée en ce que les attaches (4) comportent au moins dans une direction et de préférence, dans quatre directions perpendiculaires les unes aux autres, des conduits (13, 14) qui partent du bord de l'attache dans la partie destinée à recevoir le dispositif de fixation métallique (6) (figure 2).
EP86111135A 1985-08-14 1986-08-12 Dalles céramiques de grande taille avec attaches au revers de la face Expired EP0221262B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86111135T ATE38375T1 (de) 1985-08-14 1986-08-12 Grossformatige keramische platte mit auf ihrer der sichtseite abgewendeten seite vorgesehenen halterungselementen.

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3529235 1985-08-14
DE3529235 1985-08-14
DE3543088 1985-12-05
DE3543088 1985-12-05
DE3544473 1985-12-16
DE3544473 1985-12-16
DE3607407 1986-03-06
DE3607407 1986-03-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0221262A1 EP0221262A1 (fr) 1987-05-13
EP0221262B1 true EP0221262B1 (fr) 1988-11-02

Family

ID=27433409

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86111135A Expired EP0221262B1 (fr) 1985-08-14 1986-08-12 Dalles céramiques de grande taille avec attaches au revers de la face

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0221262B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1280005C (fr)
DE (1) DE3661067D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK164232C (fr)
ES (1) ES2001649A6 (fr)
FI (1) FI81081C (fr)
NO (1) NO175108C (fr)
PT (1) PT83203B (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3737081A1 (de) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-11 Koller Metallbau Ag Fassadenkonstruktion fuer hochbauten
DE8811912U1 (de) * 1988-02-08 1989-01-12 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld Natursteinelement für die Verkleidung von Bauwerkfassaden
DE3815552A1 (de) * 1988-05-06 1989-11-16 Buchtal Gmbh Natursteinplatte mit auf ihrer der sichtseite abgewendeten seite vorgesehenen halterungselementen
DE4222796A1 (de) * 1992-07-10 1994-01-13 Buchtal Gmbh Großformatige keramische Platte zur Aufnahme von metallischen Befestigungsmitteln
WO1995019941A1 (fr) * 1994-01-24 1995-07-27 Lanxide Technology Company, Lp Pieces resistantes a l'usure et a la corrosion s'utilisant dans le transport de liquides et/ou solides
CN1059019C (zh) * 1997-12-05 2000-11-29 王振忠 摆动叶片泵
EP1483464B1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2007-12-26 System S.p.A. Dispositif pour ancrer des panneaux de carreaux de céramique superposés à un mur de bâtiment

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT150373B (de) * 1934-06-18 1937-08-10 Kerb Konus G M B H Verfahren zur Verbindung metallischer Körper mit Körpern aus nichtleitendem Stoff, z. B. keramischen Körpern, mit Hilfe von Elektroden.
US2241505A (en) * 1936-08-21 1941-05-13 Moses J Cuttler Manufacture of metal to porcelain seals
DE905950C (de) * 1941-09-16 1954-03-08 Porzellanfabrik Kahla Verfahren zum festen Verbinden keramischer oder aus einem sonstigen anorganischen Isolierstoff bestehender Koerper miteinander oder mit metallischen Koerpern
GB1274932A (en) * 1969-01-16 1972-05-17 Thorn Lighting Ltd Methods and compositions for sealing together pieces of ceramic material
JPS6077178A (ja) * 1983-09-30 1985-05-01 株式会社東芝 窒化物セラミックス接合体およびその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI81081B (fi) 1990-05-31
EP0221262A1 (fr) 1987-05-13
NO175108B (no) 1994-05-24
DE3661067D1 (en) 1988-12-08
DK386486D0 (da) 1986-08-13
NO863270L (no) 1987-02-16
FI863297A0 (fi) 1986-08-14
CA1280005C (fr) 1991-02-12
NO175108C (no) 1994-08-31
FI863297A (fi) 1987-02-15
PT83203A (de) 1986-09-01
PT83203B (pt) 1992-10-30
DK164232B (da) 1992-05-25
NO863270D0 (no) 1986-08-13
DK386486A (da) 1987-02-15
FI81081C (fi) 1990-09-10
ES2001649A6 (es) 1988-06-01
DK164232C (da) 1992-10-26

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