EP0221262B1 - Large-size ceramic slab with retaining components provided on the side away from the visual side - Google Patents

Large-size ceramic slab with retaining components provided on the side away from the visual side Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221262B1
EP0221262B1 EP86111135A EP86111135A EP0221262B1 EP 0221262 B1 EP0221262 B1 EP 0221262B1 EP 86111135 A EP86111135 A EP 86111135A EP 86111135 A EP86111135 A EP 86111135A EP 0221262 B1 EP0221262 B1 EP 0221262B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tile
ceramic
tile according
holding elements
glaze
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86111135A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0221262A1 (en
Inventor
Gottfried Dr. Cremer
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Bard
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AGROB-BUCHTAL GMBH
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Buchtal GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86111135T priority Critical patent/ATE38375T1/en
Publication of EP0221262A1 publication Critical patent/EP0221262A1/en
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Publication of EP0221262B1 publication Critical patent/EP0221262B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/005—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with anchoring or fastening elements for the shaped articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/526—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits with adaptations not otherwise provided for, for connecting, transport; for making impervious or hermetic, e.g. sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a large-format ceramic plate with holding elements provided on its side facing away from the visible side.
  • Exterior cladding of facades is therefore only a format of a maximum of 0.1 square meters, z. B. 30 x 30 cm approved.
  • edge support allows only relatively small format sizes, e.g. B. 60 x 60 cm, as the load can only be transferred via the structurally unfavorable fastening points on the edge, i.e. there are very high voltage peaks in the case of a point-by-point load entry that occurs with the clamp bracket.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a plate, the mounting elements of which ensure that the requirements for a statically stable fastening of the plate are met, regardless of how the plate has to be oriented in space due to the structural conditions.
  • the mounting problem can be solved very easily with such a plate.
  • Such cracks are particularly dangerous in the case of external cladding exposed to the weather because rain that penetrates into the cracks can impair the connection or can even be blown up in the event of frost.
  • the holding elements can be fired ceramic elements which, as such, serve to fasten the plate directly or else to accommodate a metallic fastener. In the latter case, you are completely free to choose the material for the fasteners.
  • a glaze which has a melting point below the quartz transformation point (573 ° C.)
  • the fired ceramic plate covered with the corresponding fired holding elements having been heated again to a temperature below the quartz transformation point
  • the principle of the invention can be used can also be used on plates with surface glaze, since this does not suffer when the plate provided with the holding elements is fired again because its melting point is not reached.
  • a flat, breakthrough element that can be connected to a power source and is made of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance whose melting point is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.
  • a flat element should be understood to mean both a foil-like element, but also a network or a meander, provided that there are sufficient openings that can be penetrated by the glaze.
  • the holding elements can be provided with recesses or bores for receiving metallic fastening means, which considerably facilitates the attachment of the plate according to the invention designed in this way to, for example, a framework or the like.
  • these metallic fasteners are used in the after-firing to connect the ceramic mounting elements and the ceramic plate with the help of the ceramic glaze through the furnace, where they can not be affected because this after-firing temperature is comparatively low. A central load transfer is reliably achieved due to the positive connection between the ceramic mounting element and the metallic fastening means.
  • the afterburning can also take place without such metallic fastening means if the recess or bore is designed in such a way that a subsequent insertion of metallic fastening means into the holding elements is possible.
  • Such fasteners can then be, for example, expansion dowels, insertion pins, spacers or the like.
  • the invention can also be implemented in such a way that the mounting element itself forms the fastening means and as such can be connected to a power source. It then consists of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance, the melting point of which is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.
  • the plate is slightly lowered at the attachment points of the mounting elements in the area corresponding to the layout of these elements, for example by grinding. This achieves an additional locking of the ceramic mounting elements in the direction of the plate level in the production of the ceramic plate according to the invention.
  • the holding elements can have a depression on the surface coming into contact with this plate side.
  • An annular web-like residual surface then remains, which preferably does not sit on the plate, but is at a minimal distance from it.
  • This gap is sealed by an aging-resistant adhesive made of a material that is resistant to atmospheric influences and seals after the connection fire.
  • the invention thus creates a plate which can be fastened directly to walls, ceilings, mounting frames or the like and in which the attachment points can be freely selected from a static point of view.
  • the plate and mounting elements and possibly also the fastening means consist of the same material; a homogeneous part is created. This causes the same coefficient of thermal expansion and the same strength properties in the area of the fastening of the mounting elements. Even if the fastener is made of metal, this does not change the formation of a homogeneous body from the plate and the holding element. In the other embodiment, there is the advantage that the ceramic holding element can be dispensed with.
  • both the holding element or the fastening means and the ceramic plate and also the glaze applied on the visible side of the ceramic plate remain completely unchanged .
  • the mounting elements or fasteners are not located on the edge, but in the parts on the side of the plate facing away from the visible side, which provide the best structural options for fastening.
  • the edge areas remain completely unaffected by the holder, so that the disadvantages associated with an edge attachment are basically avoided. From a static point of view, this enables the transition from a two-point bearing, as is the case with the edge fastening, to a multi-point bearing.
  • the size and shape of the base of the ceramic support element or Fasteners can be selected so that the stress peaks that occur in the mounting points do not exceed the stresses in the middle of the field, ie in the middle of the field bounded by the fastening points.
  • the coating also cover the area of the holding elements and to cover them, because in the event of an acid attack caused by atmospheric conditions, the durability of the ceramic connection can be called into question.
  • This shatterproof coating preferably consists of a mineral, preferably glass fiber fabric or nonwoven, which is impregnated with an epoxy resin.
  • the mounting elements are expedient not to design the mounting elements as a sharp-edged cuboid or cylinder, but rather in a dome shape in a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the side of the plate facing away from the visible side, at least covering the area of the mounting elements, with a air and water impermeable coating, e.g. B. is provided with a silicone coating or is used to hold the metal fastener part of the support element after the connection of the support element, fastener and plate serving fire with a sealing, water-repellent, infusible hardening material.
  • Another solution to this problem is to ensure that acid rain or moisture can immediately drain from the area of the ceramic bond. This is preferably done with the aid of channel-like recesses which extend from the edge of the holding element in the part which is intended to hold the metallic fastening means in at least one direction, preferably in four mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the drawing shows four exemplary embodiments in four figures.
  • Fig. 1 denotes the ceramic plate, which on its side facing away from the visible side at 2 has a circular depression, for example in plan, in which the binder in the form of a ceramic glaze 3 is applied.
  • the ceramic mounting element 4 which in the exemplary embodiment shown has, for example, a through-hole 5, into which a metallic fastening means, here in the form of a screw 6, has been inserted before the ceramic mounting element 4 is placed, with the aid of which the ceramic plate is attached a substructure not shown can be attached.
  • the ceramic plate 1 can also be attached to a ceiling.
  • the connection of the plate with its support, e.g. B. a substructure remains clearly hidden from the viewer, d. H. the appearance of the cladding is completely undisturbed.
  • a flat structure is on average, for. B. in the form of a meander made of a metallic material with high electrical resistance, which is embedded in the glaze 3 and acted on by the connections 8 and 9 with electrical current and can thus be heated above the melting temperature of the glaze.
  • 13 and 14 mean channels, grooves or other recesses which connect the space around the head 15 of the metallic fastening means 6 to the area outside the ceramic mounting element 4, so that moisture which has penetrated can flow off again undisturbed.
  • Four channels or the like which are perpendicular to one another are preferably provided.
  • the ceramic plate is a circular depression, for example in plan, and 3 is the ceramic glaze.
  • the ceramic mounting element is omitted here.
  • the fastening means which is designated here by 10
  • the fastening means 10 has a widening 11 which fits into the depression 2.
  • the fastening means 10 consists of a material having a high specific electrical resistance and can be connected to a power source in a manner not shown and can thus be heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the glaze.
  • Fig. 4 shows a slightly modified embodiment, similar to that of Fig. 1.
  • this variant is also possible in the embodiments of Figs. 2 and 3 with appropriate adjustment.
  • the reference numeral 1 in turn indicates the ceramic plate, the surface 22 of which faces away from the visible side 21 is flat in this case, that is to say has no depression.
  • a ceramic mounting element 24 is placed, which in its essential form z. B. corresponds to the support member 4 of FIG. 1.
  • the holding element 24 has a depression 25 which is surrounded by a web-shaped edge 26.
  • a fastening means in the form of a screw 6 is inserted in the central bore 5, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the space gained through the recess 25 is filled with ceramic glaze as a binder.
  • the connection of the support element 24 and plate 1 by this binder takes place in the manner described above by a second fire.
  • the remaining surface surrounding the recess 25, ie the web-shaped edge 26 is at a small distance from the surface 22 of the plate 1, so that a gap 27 remains.
  • the web-shaped edge 26 is connected to the surface 22 of the plate by means of an aging-resistant adhesive made of a material which is resistant to atmospheric influences and which is introduced after the second fire, which serves to connect plate 1 and support element 24, and so on the glaze produced in the recess 25 provides a particularly good protection against atmospheric influences.
  • the glaze 3 preferably has a melting point below the quartz transformation point, the fired ceramic plate with the corresponding holding elements having been heated again to a temperature below the quartz transformation point.
  • the proposed ceramic connection may not have the necessary durability against atmospheric acid attack, therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is expedient on the side of the plate facing away from the visible side at least in the area of the holding elements 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or 11 according to FIG. 3, which covers it with an anti-breakage coating 12.
  • This break-resistant coating consists of a mineral, preferably glass fiber fabric or fleece, which is impregnated with an epoxy resin. This not only increases the panel's resistance to breakage, but in particular also protects the entire composite body against atmospheric influences.
  • break-proof coating is replaced by a coating made of an air- and water-impermeable and / or water-repellent material, the structure of the construction does not change, so that an additional figure is not shown here.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a support member 4, the application of such a shatterproof coating in particular; makes easy.
  • the dome-shaped or dome-shaped design of the holding element 4 can be seen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine großformatige keramische Platte mit auf ihrer der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite vorgesehenen Halterungselementen.The invention relates to a large-format ceramic plate with holding elements provided on its side facing away from the visible side.

Es ist bekannt, auf der Rückseite von keramischen Platten Halterungselemente mittels organischer Kleber oder Zementkleber mit organischen Bindemitteln zu befestigen. Solche Kleber altern jedoch vergleichweise rasch und insbesondere ist der Alterungszustand wegen der Anordnung der Halterungselemente auf der der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite optisch nicht überprüfbar.It is known to fasten mounting elements on the back of ceramic plates by means of organic glue or cement glue with organic binders. However, such adhesives age comparatively quickly and in particular the state of aging cannot be checked optically because of the arrangement of the holding elements on the side facing away from the visible side.

Bei der Anwendung solcher Platten als z. B. Außenverkleidung von Fassaden ist deshalb nur ein Format von maximal 0,1 qm, z. B. 30 x 30 cm zugelassen.When using such plates as z. B. Exterior cladding of facades is therefore only a format of a maximum of 0.1 square meters, z. B. 30 x 30 cm approved.

Zum Stande der Technik gehört es auch, keramische Platten zur Verkleidung von Fassaden od. dgl. am Rande mit Hilfe von den Rand übergreifenden klammerartigen Elementen zu befestigen. Die Randstützung ermöglicht nur relativ geringe Formatgrößen, z. B. 60 x 60 cm, da der Lastabtrag nur über die statisch ungünstig liegenden Befestigungsstellen am Rand erfolgen kann, d.h. es ergeben sich bei Klammerhalterung auftretendem punktweisen Lasteintrag sehr hohe Spannungsspitzen.It is also part of the prior art to fasten ceramic plates for cladding facades or the like at the edge with the aid of clip-like elements which extend over the edge. The edge support allows only relatively small format sizes, e.g. B. 60 x 60 cm, as the load can only be transferred via the structurally unfavorable fastening points on the edge, i.e. there are very high voltage peaks in the case of a point-by-point load entry that occurs with the clamp bracket.

Die reine Mörtelbefestigung solcher Platten ist praktisch zwar anwendbar, es können aber damit keine hinterlüfteten und/oder wärmegedämmten Fassadenverkleidungen erstellt werden. Auch ist eine Auswechselbarkeit allenfalls beschädigter Platten nur mit großem Aufwand möglich.The pure mortar fastening of such panels is practically applicable, but it cannot be used to create ventilated and / or thermally insulated facade cladding. Interchangeability of any damaged plates is also only possible with great effort.

Mit den bekannten Befestigungsmethoden können somit keine großformatigen Platten eingesetzt werden, bei deren Verwendung man an sich zu einer schöneren und zweckmäßigeren Fassaden- oder Verkleidungsgestaltung kommen kann, selbst wenn die von der Anmelderin hergestellten relativ dünnen großformatigen keramischen Platten zum Einsatz kommen, die bei einer Dicke von 8 mm Größenabmessungen bis zu 125 x 180 cm aufweisen und doch wegen der geringen Dicke vergleichsweise leicht sind.With the known fastening methods it is therefore not possible to use large-format plates, the use of which can result in a more beautiful and expedient facade or cladding design, even if the relatively thin, large-format ceramic plates produced by the applicant are used which have a thickness from 8 mm in size to 125 x 180 cm and yet are relatively light due to the small thickness.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung einer Platte, deren Halterungselemente sicherstellen, daß die Anforderungen an eine statisch stabile Befestigung der Platte erfüllt werden, und zwar unabhängig davon, wie die Platte aufgrund der baulichen Gegebenheiten im Raum orientiert werden muß.The object of the invention is to provide a plate, the mounting elements of which ensure that the requirements for a statically stable fastening of the plate are met, regardless of how the plate has to be oriented in space due to the structural conditions.

Die Lösung dieses Problems besteht gemäß der Erfindung in der Befestigung der Halterungselemente an nach statischen Erfordernissen bestimmten Ansatzstellen mittels einer keramischen Glasur, deren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient wenigstens annähernd gleich demjenigen der keramischen Platte ist.The solution to this problem is according to the invention in the attachment of the support elements at attachment points determined according to static requirements by means of a ceramic glaze, the coefficient of thermal expansion of which is at least approximately equal to that of the ceramic plate.

Mit einer solchen Platte läßt sich das Befestigungsproblem sehr einfach lösen. Der gleiche Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient von die Verbindung herstellender Glasur und Plattenmaterial verhindert das Entstehen von Rissen bei Temperaturschwankungen. Solche Risse sind insbesondere bei der Witterung ausgesetzten Außenverkleidungen gefährlich, weil durch Regen, der in die Risse eindringt, die Verbindung beeinträchtigt bzw. bei Frosteinwirkung sogar gesprengt werden kann.The mounting problem can be solved very easily with such a plate. The same coefficient of thermal expansion of the glaze and plate material used to prevent the formation of cracks in the event of temperature fluctuations. Such cracks are particularly dangerous in the case of external cladding exposed to the weather because rain that penetrates into the cracks can impair the connection or can even be blown up in the event of frost.

Bei den Halterungselementen kann es sich um gebrannte keramische Elemente handeln, die als solche der Befestigung der Platte unmittelbar oder aber der Aufnahme jeweils eines metallischen Befestigungsmittels dienen. Im lezteren Fall ist man dann völlig frei in der Wahl des Materials für die Befestigungsmittel.The holding elements can be fired ceramic elements which, as such, serve to fasten the plate directly or else to accommodate a metallic fastener. In the latter case, you are completely free to choose the material for the fasteners.

Aus der DE-A-22 666 ist es zwar bereits bekannt, aus gutem porösen Ton hergestellte Platten nach dem Trocknen einseitig mit Glasur zu überziehen und dann paarweise so mit der eben glasierten Fläche aufeinanderzulegen, daß eine Doppelplatte entsteht. Die Doppelplatten werden gebrannt, wobei die Einzelplatten durch die Glasur miteinander verbunden werden. Bei den Einzelplatten handelt es sich jedoch nicht um gebrannte Platten, sondern um grüne Platten, die nach dem Trocknen einseitig mit Glasur überzogen und dann übereinander gelegt werden, wobei also Platten und Glasur einem Brennvorgang unterworfen werden.From DE-A-22 666 it is already known to coat plates made of good porous clay on one side with glaze after drying and then to lay them on top of each other in pairs so that the double glazed surface forms a double plate. The double plates are fired, whereby the single plates are connected by the glaze. However, the individual panels are not fired panels, but green panels, which after drying are coated on one side with glaze and then placed on top of one another, thus subjecting the panels and glaze to a firing process.

Aus der DE-PS-461 224 ist es ferner bekannt, keramische Gegenstände, insbesondere Isolatorteile u. dgl. dadurch dauerhaft zu verbinden, daß die beim Brennen miteinander zu verschmelzenden Verbindungsflächen der beiden Teile mit Unterbrechungen versehen sind. Diese Art der Verschmelzung dient aber nur dazu, trotz der durch die Verschmelzung herbeigeführten Verbindung letzterer Elastizität gegen mechanische Beanspruchung zu verleihen. Erkennbar erfolgt das Einbringen des Verschmelzungsmaterials an den grünen Körpern vor dem Brennen.From DE-PS-461 224 it is also known to ceramic objects, especially insulator parts u. The like. To connect permanently that the connecting surfaces of the two parts to be fused to one another during the firing are provided with interruptions. However, this type of fusion only serves to give the latter elasticity against mechanical stress despite the connection brought about by the fusion. The fusion material is evidently introduced into the green bodies before firing.

Wird in weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung eine Glasur verwendet, die einen Schmelzpunkt unterhalb des Quarzumwandlungspunktes (573°C) aufweist, wobei die mit den entsprechenden gebrannten Halterungselementen besetzte gebrannte keramische Platte noch einmal auf eine Temperatur unterhalb des Quarzumwandlungspunktes erhitzt worden ist, dann kann das Erfindungsprinzip auch auf Platten mit Oberflächenglasur angewendet werden, da diese beim nochmaligen Brennen der mit den Halterungselementen versehenen Platte nicht leidet, weil ihr Schmelzpunkt nicht erreicht wird.If, in a further embodiment of the invention, a glaze is used which has a melting point below the quartz transformation point (573 ° C.), the fired ceramic plate covered with the corresponding fired holding elements having been heated again to a temperature below the quartz transformation point, then the principle of the invention can be used can also be used on plates with surface glaze, since this does not suffer when the plate provided with the holding elements is fired again because its melting point is not reached.

Um ein Aufheizen der gesamten Platte auf die Schmelztemperatur der Glaser umgehen zu können, wird in weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, in der keramischen Glasur ein flächiges, Durchbrüche aufweisendes, an eine Stromquelle anschließbares Element aus einem metallischen, einen hohen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisenden Werkstoff einzubetten, dessen Schmelzpunkt weit oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der keramischen Glasur liegt und dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient annähernd gleich dem der keramischen Glasur ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, nur die Glasur und das Befestigungselement und die Platte örtlich im Bereich der aufgebrachten Glasur zu erhitzen und damit doch zur gewünschten Schmelzverbindung zwischen Platte und Befestigungselement zu gelangen. Unter einem flächigen Element soll dabei sowohl ein folienartiges Element, aber auch ein Netzwerk oder ein Mäander verstanden werden, unter der Voraussetzung, daß genügend Durchbrüche vorhanden sind, die von der Glasur durchsetzt werden können.In order to be able to avoid heating the entire plate to the melting temperature of the glazier, it is proposed in a further embodiment of the invention to embed in the ceramic glaze a flat, breakthrough element that can be connected to a power source and is made of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance whose melting point is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze. In this way, it is possible to heat only the glaze and the fastening element and the plate locally in the area of the applied glaze and thus to achieve the desired fusion connection between the plate and the fastening element. A flat element should be understood to mean both a foil-like element, but also a network or a meander, provided that there are sufficient openings that can be penetrated by the glaze.

Werkstoffe mit den geforderten Eigenschaften und auch einem Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20°C und 600° C von größer als 2, sind im Handel, z. B. unter der Warenbezeichnung VACON, erhältlich und werden als Einschmelzlegierungen für elektronische Röhren angeboten. Die Halterungselemente können mit Ausnehmungen oder Bohrungen zur Aufnahme metallischer Befestigungsmittel versehen sein, was die Anbringung der derart ausgestalteten erfindungsgemäßen Platte an beispielsweise einem Rahmenwerk od. dgl. wesentlich erleichtert. Selbstverständlich werden diese metallischen Befestigungsmittel beim Nachbrand zur Verbindung der keramischen Halterungselemente und der keramischen Platte mit Hilfe der keramischen Glasur mit durch den Ofen geführt, wo sie nicht beeinträchtigt werden können, weil diese Nachbrandtemperatur vergleichsweise niedrig liegt. Durch den entstandenen Formschluß zwischen keramischem Halterungselement und metallischem Befestigungsmittel wird zuverlässig ein zentrischer Lastabtrag erreicht.Materials with the required properties and also a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 ° C and 600 ° C of greater than 2 are commercially available, for. B. under the trade name VACON, available and are offered as smelting alloys for electronic tubes. The holding elements can be provided with recesses or bores for receiving metallic fastening means, which considerably facilitates the attachment of the plate according to the invention designed in this way to, for example, a framework or the like. Of course, these metallic fasteners are used in the after-firing to connect the ceramic mounting elements and the ceramic plate with the help of the ceramic glaze through the furnace, where they can not be affected because this after-firing temperature is comparatively low. A central load transfer is reliably achieved due to the positive connection between the ceramic mounting element and the metallic fastening means.

Selbstverständlich kann das Nachbrennen auch ohne solche metallischen Befestigungsmittel erfolgen, wenn die Ausnehmung oder Bohrung so ausgebildet ist, daß ein nachträgliches Einführen metallischer Befestigungsmittel in die Halterungselemente möglich ist. Es kann sich dann bei solchen Befestigungsmitteln beispielsweise um Spreizdübel, Einsteckstifte, Abstandshalter od. dgl. handeln.Of course, the afterburning can also take place without such metallic fastening means if the recess or bore is designed in such a way that a subsequent insertion of metallic fastening means into the holding elements is possible. Such fasteners can then be, for example, expansion dowels, insertion pins, spacers or the like.

Die Erfindung kann auch so verwirklicht werden, daß das Halterungselement selbst das Befestigungsmittel bildet und als solches an eine Stromquelle anschließbar ist. Es besteht dann aus einem einen hohen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisenden metallischen Werkstoff, dessen Schmelzpunkt weit oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der keramischen Glasur liegt und dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient annähernd gleich dem der keramischen Glasur ist.The invention can also be implemented in such a way that the mounting element itself forms the fastening means and as such can be connected to a power source. It then consists of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance, the melting point of which is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.

Für den verwendeten Werkstoff gilt das oben im Zusammenhang mit dem flächigen Element Gesagte.The statements made above in connection with the flat element apply to the material used.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung ist die Platte an den Ansatzstellen der Halterungselemente in der dem Grundriß dieser Elemente entsprechenden Fläche leicht abgesenkt, beispielsweise durch Schleifen. Damit erreicht man eine zusätzliche Arretierung der keramischen Halterungselemente in Richtung der Plattenebene bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen keramischen Platte.In a further embodiment of the invention, the plate is slightly lowered at the attachment points of the mounting elements in the area corresponding to the layout of these elements, for example by grinding. This achieves an additional locking of the ceramic mounting elements in the direction of the plate level in the production of the ceramic plate according to the invention.

Statt die Absenkung in der der Sichtseite der Platte abgewendeten Seite derselben vorzusehen, können alternativ dazu die Halterungselemente auf der mit dieser Plattenseite in Kontakt kommenden Fläche eine Vertiefung aufweisen. Es bleibt dann eine ringförmige stegartige Restfläche, die vorzugsweise nicht auf der Platte aufsitzt, sondern von ihr einen minimalen Abstand aufweist. Dieser Spalt wird durch einen nach dem der Verbindung dienenden Brand aufgebrachten alterungsbeständigen Kleber aus einem gegen atmosphärische Einflüsse resistenten und dichtenden Material abgedichtet.Instead of providing the depression in the side of the plate facing away from the visible side of the plate, as an alternative to this, the holding elements can have a depression on the surface coming into contact with this plate side. An annular web-like residual surface then remains, which preferably does not sit on the plate, but is at a minimal distance from it. This gap is sealed by an aging-resistant adhesive made of a material that is resistant to atmospheric influences and seals after the connection fire.

Durch die Erfindung wird somit eine unmittelbar an Wänden, Decken, Halterungsgestellen oder dergleichen befestigbare Platte geschaffen, bei der die Ansatzstellen nach statischen Gesichtspunkten frei gewählt werden können. Bei einer Ausführungsform bestehen Platte und Halterungselemente sowie ggf. auch das Befestigungsmittel aus dem gleichen Werkstoff; es entsteht also ein homogener Teil. Das bewirkt gleichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten und gleiche Festigkeitseigenschaften im Bereich der Befestigung der Halterungselemente. Auch wenn das Befestigungsmittel aus Metall besteht, ändert das nichts an der Bildung eines homogenen Körpers aus Platte und Halterungselement. Bei der anderen Ausführungsform bietet sich der Vorteil, daß auf das keramische Halterungselement verzichtet werden kann.The invention thus creates a plate which can be fastened directly to walls, ceilings, mounting frames or the like and in which the attachment points can be freely selected from a static point of view. In one embodiment, the plate and mounting elements and possibly also the fastening means consist of the same material; a homogeneous part is created. This causes the same coefficient of thermal expansion and the same strength properties in the area of the fastening of the mounting elements. Even if the fastener is made of metal, this does not change the formation of a homogeneous body from the plate and the holding element. In the other embodiment, there is the advantage that the ceramic holding element can be dispensed with.

Da die Verbindung von Halterungselement bzw. Befestigungsmittel und Platte über die Glasur in einem Temperaturbereich erfolgt, der unterhalb des Quarzumwandlungspunktes liegt, bleiben sowohl das Halterungselement bzw. das Befestigungsmittel als auch die keramische Platte und auch die auf der Sichtseite der keramischen Platte aufgebrachte Glasur völlig unverändert. Die Halterungselemente bzw. Befestigungsmittel sitzen nicht am Rand, sondern in den Teilen auf der der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite der Platte, die die statisch besten Befestigungsmöglichkeiten ergeben. Die Randbereiche bleiben völlig von der Halterung unbeeinflußt, so daß die mit einer Randbefestigung verbundenen Nachteile grundsätzlich vermieden sind. Damit ist statisch gesehen der Obergang von einer Zweipunktlagerung, wie sie bei der Randbefestigung gegeben ist, zu einer Mehrpunktlagerung ermöglicht. Die Größe und Form der Grundfläche des keramischen Halterungselementes bzw. des Befestigungsmittels können so gewählt werden, daß die auftretenden Spannungsspitzen in den Lagerungspunkten die Spannungen im Feldmittenbereich, d.h. in der Mitte des von den Befestigungspunkten umgrenzten Feldes nicht überschreiten.Since the connection of the holding element or fastening means and the plate via the glaze takes place in a temperature range which is below the quartz transformation point, both the holding element or the fastening means and the ceramic plate and also the glaze applied on the visible side of the ceramic plate remain completely unchanged . The mounting elements or fasteners are not located on the edge, but in the parts on the side of the plate facing away from the visible side, which provide the best structural options for fastening. The edge areas remain completely unaffected by the holder, so that the disadvantages associated with an edge attachment are basically avoided. From a static point of view, this enables the transition from a two-point bearing, as is the case with the edge fastening, to a multi-point bearing. The size and shape of the base of the ceramic support element or Fasteners can be selected so that the stress peaks that occur in the mounting points do not exceed the stresses in the middle of the field, ie in the middle of the field bounded by the fastening points.

Da nicht immer ausgeschlossen werden kann, daß die Platten an Außenfassaden von außen kommenden Einwirkungen, wie Steinschlag oder ähnlichem ausgesetzt sind, kann es notwendig sein, die der Sichtseite abgewendete Seite der Platte mit einer Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung zu versehen. Diese Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung muß mindestens die gesamte Längenabmessung von Teilbereichen einer Platte erfassen, damit im Falle einer Beschädigung die Plattenteile nicht aus ihrem Verband gelöst werden und zu Boden fallen können.Since it cannot always be ruled out that the panels on external facades are exposed to external influences such as stone chips or the like, it may be necessary to provide the side of the panel facing away from the visible side with a break-resistant coating. This break-proof coating must cover at least the entire length dimension of partial areas of a plate, so that in the event of damage, the plate parts cannot be released from their bond and fall to the ground.

Es kann vorteilhaft sein, die Beschichtung auch den Bereich der Halterungselemente erfassen zu lassen und diese mit abzudecken, weil bei einem eventuellen atmosphärisch bedingten Säureangriff die Dauerhaftigkeit der keramischen Verbindung in Frage gestellt sein kann.It can be advantageous to have the coating also cover the area of the holding elements and to cover them, because in the event of an acid attack caused by atmospheric conditions, the durability of the ceramic connection can be called into question.

Vorzugsweise besteht diese Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung aus einem Mineral-, vorzugsweise Glasfasergewebe oder -vlies, das mit einem Epoxidharz getränkt ist.This shatterproof coating preferably consists of a mineral, preferably glass fiber fabric or nonwoven, which is impregnated with an epoxy resin.

Insbesondere bei Anwendung einer solchen Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung ist es zweckmäßig, in weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung die Halterungselemente nicht als scharfkantige Quader oder Zylinder, sondern kuppelförmig auszubilden.In particular when using such a shatter-proof coating, it is expedient not to design the mounting elements as a sharp-edged cuboid or cylinder, but rather in a dome shape in a further embodiment of the invention.

Liegt keine Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung vor, will man aber den Bereich der Halterungselemente dauerhaft vor einem eventuellen atmosphäriellen Säureangriff schützen, so kann es auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn in weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung die der Sichtseite abgewendete Seite der Platte, mindestens den Bereich der Halterungselemente überdeckend, mit einer luft- und wasserundurchlässigen Beschichtung, z. B. einer Silikonbeschichtung versehen ist oder der zur Aufnahme des metallischen Befestigungsmittels dienende Teil des Halterungselementes nach dem der Verbindung von Halterungselement, Befestigungsmittel und Platte dienenden Brand mit einem dichtenden, wasserabweisenden, unschmelzbar erhärtenden Werkstoff ausgefüllt wird.If there is no shatterproof coating, but if you want to permanently protect the area of the mounting elements from a possible atmospheric acid attack, it can also be advantageous if, in a further embodiment of the invention, the side of the plate facing away from the visible side, at least covering the area of the mounting elements, with a air and water impermeable coating, e.g. B. is provided with a silicone coating or is used to hold the metal fastener part of the support element after the connection of the support element, fastener and plate serving fire with a sealing, water-repellent, infusible hardening material.

Eine weitere Lösung dieses Problems besteht darin, dafür zu sorgen, daß säurehaltiger Regen oder Feuchtigkeit sofort aus dem Bereich der keramischen Verbindung abfließen können. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise mit Hilfe von kanalartigen Ausnehmungen, die vom Rand des Halterungselementes in dem Teil, der zur Aufnahme des metallischen Befestigungsmittels bestimmt ist, in mindestens eine Richtung vorzugsweise in vier zueinander senkrechte Richtungen ausgehen.Another solution to this problem is to ensure that acid rain or moisture can immediately drain from the area of the ceramic bond. This is preferably done with the aid of channel-like recesses which extend from the edge of the holding element in the part which is intended to hold the metallic fastening means in at least one direction, preferably in four mutually perpendicular directions.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in vier Figuren vier Ausführungsbeispiele.The drawing shows four exemplary embodiments in four figures.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 die keramische Platte bezeichnet, die auf ihrer der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite bei 2 eine beispielsweise im Grundriß kreisförmige Absenkung aufweist, in der das Bindemittel in Form einer keramischen Glasur 3 aufgegeben ist. Auf dieser Glasur sitzt das keramische Halterungselement 4, das beim wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel beispielsweise eine Durchbohrung 5 aufweist, in die vor dem Aufsetzen des keramischen Halterungselementes 4 ein metallisches Befestigungsmittel, hier in Form einer Schraube 6, eingesetzt worden ist, mit deren Hilfe die keramische Platte an einer nicht gezeichneten Unterkonstruktion befestigt werden kann. Man erkennt aus der Zeichnung besonders deutlich, daß die keramische Platte 1 auch an einer Decke hängend angebracht werden kann. Die Verbindung der Platte mit ihrem Träger, z. B. einer Unterkonstruktion, bleibt erkennbar dem Beschauer völlig verborgen, d. h. das Erscheinungsbild der Verkleidung ist völlig ungestört.In Fig. 1, 1 denotes the ceramic plate, which on its side facing away from the visible side at 2 has a circular depression, for example in plan, in which the binder in the form of a ceramic glaze 3 is applied. On this glaze sits the ceramic mounting element 4, which in the exemplary embodiment shown has, for example, a through-hole 5, into which a metallic fastening means, here in the form of a screw 6, has been inserted before the ceramic mounting element 4 is placed, with the aid of which the ceramic plate is attached a substructure not shown can be attached. It can be seen particularly clearly from the drawing that the ceramic plate 1 can also be attached to a ceiling. The connection of the plate with its support, e.g. B. a substructure, remains clearly hidden from the viewer, d. H. the appearance of the cladding is completely undisturbed.

In Fig. 2 sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet. Bei 7 ist im Schnitt ein flächiges Gebilde, z. B. in Form eines Mäanders aus einem metallischen Werkstoff mit hohem elektrischen Widerstand angedeutet, das in die Glasur 3 eingebettet ist und über die Anschlüsse 8 und 9 mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt und so über die Schmelztemperatur der Glasur hinaus erhitzt werden kann. 13 und 14 bedeuten Kanäle, Nuten oder sonstige Ausnehmungen, die den Raum um den Kopf 15 des metallischen Befestigungsmittels 6 mit dem Bereich außerhalb des keramischen Halterungselementes 4 verbinden, so daß eingedrungene Feuchtigkeit ungestört wieder abfließen kann. Vorzugsweise sind vier zueinander senkrecht stehende Kanäle od. dgl. vorgesehen.In Fig. 2, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. At 7, a flat structure is on average, for. B. in the form of a meander made of a metallic material with high electrical resistance, which is embedded in the glaze 3 and acted on by the connections 8 and 9 with electrical current and can thus be heated above the melting temperature of the glaze. 13 and 14 mean channels, grooves or other recesses which connect the space around the head 15 of the metallic fastening means 6 to the area outside the ceramic mounting element 4, so that moisture which has penetrated can flow off again undisturbed. Four channels or the like which are perpendicular to one another are preferably provided.

Auch in Fig. 3 sind mit 1 die keramische Platte, mit 2 eine beispielsweise im Grundriß kreisförmige Absenkung und mit 3 die keramische Glasur bezeichnet. Hier entfällt das keramische Halterungselement. Stattdessen weist das Befestigungsmittel, das hier mit 10 bezeichnet ist, eine Verbreiterung 11 auf, die in die Absenkung 2 paßt. Das Befestigungsmittel 10 besteht aus einem hohen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisenden Material und ist in nicht gezeichneter Weise an eine Stromquelle anschließbar und derart auf eine über der Schmelztemperatur der Glasur liegende Temperatur aufheizbar.Also in Fig. 3, 1 is the ceramic plate, 2 is a circular depression, for example in plan, and 3 is the ceramic glaze. The ceramic mounting element is omitted here. Instead, the fastening means, which is designated here by 10, has a widening 11 which fits into the depression 2. The fastening means 10 consists of a material having a high specific electrical resistance and can be connected to a power source in a manner not shown and can thus be heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the glaze.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine etwas abgeänderte Ausführungsform, ähnlich der nach Fig. 1. Selbstverständlich ist diese Variante auch bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach Fig. 2 und 3 unter entsprechender Anpassung möglich.Fig. 4 shows a slightly modified embodiment, similar to that of Fig. 1. Of course, this variant is also possible in the embodiments of Figs. 2 and 3 with appropriate adjustment.

Das Bezugszeichen 1 weist wiederum auf die keramische Platte, deren der Sichtseite 21 abgewendete Oberfläche 22 in diesem Fall plan ist, d. h. keinerlei Absenkung aufweist. Auf diese Oberfläche 22 ist ein keramisches Halterungselement 24 aufgesetzt, das in seiner wesentlichen Form z. B. dem Halterungselement 4 nach Fig. 1 entspricht. Im Gegensatz zu diesem Halterungselement 4 weist das Halterungselement 24 jedoch eine Vertiefung 25 auf, die von einem stegförmigen Rand 26 umgeben ist. In der mittigen Bohrung 5 ist wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 ein Befestigungsmittel in Form einer Schraube 6 eingesetzt. Der durch die Vertiefung 25 gewonnene Raum ist mit keramischer Glasur als Bindemittel gefüllt. Die Verbindung von Halterungselement 24 und Platte 1 durch dieses Bindemittel erfolgt in der vorbeschriebenen Weise durch einen zweiten Brand. Die die Vertiefung 25 umgebende Restfläche, d. h. der stegförmige Rand 26 weist von der Oberfläche 22 der Platte 1 einen geringen Abstand auf, so daß ein Spalt 27 verbleibt. Ober diesen Spalt 27 ist der stegförmige Rand 26 mit der Oberfläche 22 der Platte mittels eines alterungsbeständigen Klebers aus einem gegen Atmosphäreneinfluß resistenten und dichtenden Material verbunden, das nach dem zweiten, der Verbindung von Platte 1 und Halterungselement 24 dienendem Brand eingebracht wird und so der über die in der Vertiefung 25 befindliche Glasur hergestellten Verbindung einen besonders guten Schutz gegen Atmosphäreneinfluß gewährt.The reference numeral 1 in turn indicates the ceramic plate, the surface 22 of which faces away from the visible side 21 is flat in this case, that is to say has no depression. On this surface 22, a ceramic mounting element 24 is placed, which in its essential form z. B. corresponds to the support member 4 of FIG. 1. In contrast to this holding element 4, however, the holding element 24 has a depression 25 which is surrounded by a web-shaped edge 26. A fastening means in the form of a screw 6 is inserted in the central bore 5, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. The space gained through the recess 25 is filled with ceramic glaze as a binder. The connection of the support element 24 and plate 1 by this binder takes place in the manner described above by a second fire. The remaining surface surrounding the recess 25, ie the web-shaped edge 26 is at a small distance from the surface 22 of the plate 1, so that a gap 27 remains. Above this gap 27, the web-shaped edge 26 is connected to the surface 22 of the plate by means of an aging-resistant adhesive made of a material which is resistant to atmospheric influences and which is introduced after the second fire, which serves to connect plate 1 and support element 24, and so on the glaze produced in the recess 25 provides a particularly good protection against atmospheric influences.

Für den Fachmann ist ohne weiteres erkennbar, daß und wie dieses Prinzip auch bei den Ausführungsformen nach Fig. 2 und 3 zur Anwendung gebracht werden kann.It is readily apparent to the person skilled in the art that and how this principle can also be used in the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Wie erwähnt weist die Glasur 3 vorzugsweise einen Schmelzpunkt unterhalb des Quarzumwandlungspunktes auf, wobei die mit den entsprechenden Halterungselementen besetzte gebrannte keramische Platte noch einmal auf eine Temperatur unterhalb des Quarzumwandlungspunktes erhitzt worden ist.As mentioned, the glaze 3 preferably has a melting point below the quartz transformation point, the fired ceramic plate with the corresponding holding elements having been heated again to a temperature below the quartz transformation point.

Die vorgeschlagene keramische Verbindung kann unter Umständen gegen atmosphäriellen Säureangriff nicht die notwendige Dauerhaftigkeit aufweisen, daher wird, wie es Fig. 1 zeigt, zweckmäßig auf der von der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite der Platte wenigstens im Bereich der Halterungselemente 4 nach den Fig. 1 und 2 bzw. 11 nach Fig. 3, diese mit überdeckend, eine Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung 12 vorgesehen. Diese Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung besteht aus einem Mineral-, vorzugsweise Glasfasergewebe oder -vlies, das mit einem Epoxidharz getränkt ist. Damit wird nicht nur die Bruchsicherheit der Platte erhöht, sondern insbesondere auch der gesamte Verbundkörper gegen atmosphärische Einflusse geschützt.The proposed ceramic connection may not have the necessary durability against atmospheric acid attack, therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is expedient on the side of the plate facing away from the visible side at least in the area of the holding elements 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or 11 according to FIG. 3, which covers it with an anti-breakage coating 12. This break-resistant coating consists of a mineral, preferably glass fiber fabric or fleece, which is impregnated with an epoxy resin. This not only increases the panel's resistance to breakage, but in particular also protects the entire composite body against atmospheric influences.

Tritt an die Stelle der Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung eine Beschichtung aus einem luft- und wasserundurchlässigen und/oder wasserabweisenden Material, dann ändert sich der Aufbau der Konstruktion nicht, so daß hier auf eine Wiedergabe in einer zusätzlichen Figur verzichtet worden ist.If the break-proof coating is replaced by a coating made of an air- and water-impermeable and / or water-repellent material, the structure of the construction does not change, so that an additional figure is not shown here.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Ausbildung eines Halterungselementes 4, die das Aufbringen einer solchen Bruchsicherheitsbeschichtung besonder; leicht macht. Man erkennt die kuppel- oder domförmige Ausbildung des Halterungselementes 4.Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a support member 4, the application of such a shatterproof coating in particular; makes easy. The dome-shaped or dome-shaped design of the holding element 4 can be seen.

Claims (18)

1. A large-format ceramic tile with holding elements provided on its side facing away from the visible side, characterized by the attachment of the holding elements (4, 24) to joining points determined according to static requirements by means of a ceramic glaze (3) whose thermal expansion coefficient is at least approximately equal to that of the ceramic tile (1).
2. The tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding elements (4, 24) are fired ceramic elements serving to receive a metal attachment means (6).
3. The tile according to claim 1 and/or 2, characterized in that the glaze (3) has a melting point below the quartz transition point (573° C), the fired ceramic tile (1) provided with the corresponding holding elements (4, 24) having been heated once again to a temperature below the quartz transition point.
4. The tile according to one or more of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that in the ceramic glaze (3) a flat element (7) having openings and capable of being connected to a power source (via connections 8, 9) is embedded, which is made of a metal material having a high specific electrical resistance, whose melting point is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze (3) and whose thermal expansion coefficient is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze (3).
5. The tile according to claim 4, characterized in that the material selected for the flat element (7) has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600°C of more than 2.
6. The tile according to claim 2, characterized in that the holding elements (4, 24) are provided with a recess or bore (6) for receiving a metal attachment means (6).
7. The tile according to claim 6, characterized in that the attachment means (6) are each integrated in form-fitting fashion into the ceramic holding elements (4).
8. The tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment element (10, 11) can itself be connected to a power source and is made of a metal material having a high specific electrical resistance, whose melting point is far above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and whose thermal expansion coefficient is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze (Fig. 3).
9. The tile according to claim 8, characterized in that the selected material has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600° C of more than 2.
10. The tile according to one or more of the above claims, characterized in that it is slightly depressed (at 2) at the joining points of the attachment elements (4; 10, 11) in the area corresponding approximately to the plan form of these elements.
11. The tile according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the holding elements (24) have a depression (26) on the surface coming in contact with the side (22) of the tile (1) facing away from the visible side (21).
12. The tile according to claim 11, characterized in that the remaining area (edge 26) surrounding the depression (25) is connected permanently to the side (22) of the tile (1) facing away from the visible side (21) by a nonaging adhesive made of a sealing material resistant to atmospheric influences applied after the firing serving to connect the tile (1) and the holding element (24).
13. The tile according to one or more of the above claims, characterized in that the side of the tile (1) facing away from the visible side is provided with an antibreakage coating (12) at least in parts covering the largest longitudinal extent of the tile (Fig. 1).
14. The tile according to claim 13, characterized in that the antibreakage coating is provided in the area of the holding elements (4,10,11,24) and covers these as well.
15. The tile according to claim 13 and/or 14, characterized in that the antibreakage coating is made of a woven or nonwoven fabric of mineral fiber, preferably glass fiber, which is impregnated with an epoxyresin.
16. The tile according to one or more of the above claims, characterized in that the holding elements (4,24) have a dome-shaped design (Figs. 1 and 4).
17. The tile according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the side of the tile facing away from the visible side is provided at least in the area of the holding elements, covering them as well, with a water-repellent coating impermeable to air.
18. The tile according to one or more of the above claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the ceramic holding elements (4) are provided in at least one direction, preferably in four directions perpendicular to each other, with channels (13. 14) extending from the edge of the holding element in the part intended to receive the metal attachment means (6) (Fig. 2).
EP86111135A 1985-08-14 1986-08-12 Large-size ceramic slab with retaining components provided on the side away from the visual side Expired EP0221262B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86111135T ATE38375T1 (en) 1985-08-14 1986-08-12 LARGE FORMAT CERAMIC PLATE WITH SUPPORTING ELEMENTS PROVIDED ON ITS NON-VISIBLE SIDE.

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3529235 1985-08-14
DE3529235 1985-08-14
DE3543088 1985-12-05
DE3543088 1985-12-05
DE3544473 1985-12-16
DE3544473 1985-12-16
DE3607407 1986-03-06
DE3607407 1986-03-06

Publications (2)

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EP0221262A1 EP0221262A1 (en) 1987-05-13
EP0221262B1 true EP0221262B1 (en) 1988-11-02

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CA (1) CA1280005C (en)
DE (1) DE3661067D1 (en)
DK (1) DK164232C (en)
ES (1) ES2001649A6 (en)
FI (1) FI81081C (en)
NO (1) NO175108C (en)
PT (1) PT83203B (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3737081A1 (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-11 Koller Metallbau Ag FACADE CONSTRUCTION FOR BUILDINGS
DE3803739A1 (en) * 1988-02-08 1989-08-17 Buchtal Gmbh NATURAL STONE ELEMENT FOR CLADDING CONSTRUCTION FACADES
DE3815552A1 (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-11-16 Buchtal Gmbh NATURAL STONE PLATE WITH MOUNTING ELEMENTS ON THE SIDE REFERRED SIDE
DE4222796A1 (en) * 1992-07-10 1994-01-13 Buchtal Gmbh Large-format ceramic plate for holding metal fasteners
AU1732895A (en) * 1994-01-24 1995-08-08 Lanxide Technology Company, Lp Wear and corrosion resistant parts for use in liquids and/or solids transportation
CN1059019C (en) * 1997-12-05 2000-11-29 王振忠 Swing vane-type pump
EP1483464B1 (en) * 2002-02-13 2007-12-26 System S.p.A. Apparatus for anchoring panels of overlaid ceramic tiles to a building wall

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT150373B (en) * 1934-06-18 1937-08-10 Kerb Konus G M B H Method for connecting metallic bodies with bodies made of non-conductive material, e.g. B. ceramic bodies, with the help of electrodes.
US2241505A (en) * 1936-08-21 1941-05-13 Moses J Cuttler Manufacture of metal to porcelain seals
DE905950C (en) * 1941-09-16 1954-03-08 Porzellanfabrik Kahla Process for the firm connection of ceramic bodies or bodies consisting of another inorganic insulating material with one another or with metallic bodies
GB1274932A (en) * 1969-01-16 1972-05-17 Thorn Lighting Ltd Methods and compositions for sealing together pieces of ceramic material
JPS6077178A (en) * 1983-09-30 1985-05-01 株式会社東芝 Ceramic bonded body and manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2001649A6 (en) 1988-06-01
DK386486D0 (en) 1986-08-13
NO863270L (en) 1987-02-16
FI863297A0 (en) 1986-08-14
CA1280005C (en) 1991-02-12
DK386486A (en) 1987-02-15
FI81081C (en) 1990-09-10
PT83203B (en) 1992-10-30
FI81081B (en) 1990-05-31
DK164232C (en) 1992-10-26
PT83203A (en) 1986-09-01
DK164232B (en) 1992-05-25
FI863297A (en) 1987-02-15
NO175108B (en) 1994-05-24
DE3661067D1 (en) 1988-12-08
EP0221262A1 (en) 1987-05-13
NO863270D0 (en) 1986-08-13
NO175108C (en) 1994-08-31

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