EP0210462A1 - Dual combustor - Google Patents

Dual combustor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0210462A1
EP0210462A1 EP86109039A EP86109039A EP0210462A1 EP 0210462 A1 EP0210462 A1 EP 0210462A1 EP 86109039 A EP86109039 A EP 86109039A EP 86109039 A EP86109039 A EP 86109039A EP 0210462 A1 EP0210462 A1 EP 0210462A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
dual burner
cone
swirl body
dual
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP86109039A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0210462B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Dr. Hellat
Jakob Dr. Keller
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Publication of EP0210462A1 publication Critical patent/EP0210462A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dual burner according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a method for mixing air with the liquid fuel flowing into the dual burner.
  • a known possibility of building a detachable swirl body is to provide a tubular jacket with tangential entry slots. This creates a potential vortex that flows axially.
  • vortex breakdown zones in a potential vortex have very poor stability properties.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a stable vortex backflow zone in a dual burner of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • the conditions must be met, according to which the axial profile of the vortex flow generated by the swirl body has a speed increase in the vicinity of the axis, while the swirl must decrease sharply towards the axis.
  • the objectives of the invention are basically achieved in that slotted cones are provided with suitable opening angles; this gives you an optimal opportunity to combine the advantages of a potential vortex tube and a fluid-mechanically perfect swirl body.
  • a vortex flow is obtained which is low in swirl in the center and has an axial speed excess. Because the number of swirls of this burner increases strongly in the axial direction and reaches the breakdown value or the critical value at the end of the burner, this results in a positionally stable vortex backflow zone.
  • Fig. 1 shows a dual burner in the direction of flow to the media used there.
  • the dual burner which is placed in front of the combustion chamber 13 of a combustion chamber, which is only hinted at, is essentially composed of a structure formed into a swirl body, an oil line 2 and a gas line 3.
  • the swirl body structure itself consists of two double-curved plates which are produced by bending flat plates can be.
  • the sheets are folded on a certain diagonal and stiffened with a rib (see FIGS. 2, 3, 4). Because the diagonals diverge in a cone-shaped manner in the central plane of the flow direction, an arrangement of inner cones 4b, 5b that expand in the flow direction and an arrangement of outer cones 4a, 5a that taper in the flow direction are created.
  • the fuels introduced - fuel gas and fuel oil - are introduced individually into the swirl body 1 and thus meet the requirements placed on a dual burner.
  • the oil line 2 divides in front of the swirl body 1 into two oil nozzles 2a, 2b in such a way that their injection is directed axially onto the outer cone 4a, 5a.
  • the impulse of the oil injection at full load is selected so that the oil film 6 penetrates to the end of an outer cone 4a or 5a.
  • the penetration depth decreases accordingly, so that the outer areas of the vortex flow remain free of fuel. This results in self-regulation, which means that the fuel / air mixture 7a in the vortex center never becomes too lean or too rich.
  • the swirl strength of the vortex flow is dependent on the selected width of the slot that results between the outer cone 4a, 5a and the inner cone 4b, 5b.
  • the outer cones 4a, 5a tapering in the direction of flow thus fulfill various functions. On the one hand, they serve as carriers of the oil film 6 released by the oil nozzles 2a, 2b; Furthermore, the outer cones 4a, 5a serve to guide the flow of the working mixture, which rolls in the axial direction due to the swirl movement.
  • the radiant heat which the sheets receive from the combustion chamber 13 can be partially transferred to the oil film 6 here.
  • the supplied air 7 finds at least partially evaporated Del, as a result of which the mixing takes place optimally.
  • the inner cones 4b, 5b which widen in the direction of flow, have fuel lines 8 on the bend end, as a continuation of the gas line 3, which serve to supply a gaseous fuel.
  • the slot widths 14 which cannot be seen in FIG.
  • the backflow zone 12 begins at the downstream end of the inner cones 4b, 5b.
  • the backflow zone 12 is inherently positionally stable.
  • the taper and expansion rates of the cones 4a, 4b and. 4b, 5b depend on the properties of the combustion chamber, as does the overall length of the swirl body 1.
  • FIG. 2 3, 4 are views through the planes II, III, IV according to FIG. 1. This clearly shows how the cones 4a, 5a and 4b, 5b taper respectively. expand.
  • the plates 4, 5 are folded in the planes of the diagonals 10a, 10b and each stiffened with a rib 10.
  • These figures also clearly show how the air 7 flows tangentially into the cone and how the swirl movement is initiated by its curvature.
  • the portions of the oil film 6 which do not evaporate immediately are "rolled up" in layers by the swirled air 7, which ensures that the fuel / air mixture has a homogeneous concentration.
  • the slot widths 14 between the inner and outer cones increase, while the inflow openings 14a between fuel lines 8 and outer cones 4a, 5b decrease.
  • the fuel lines 8 are provided with fuel nozzles 9 which inject the fuel gas towards the center of the swirl body 1.
  • the tangentially flowing air 7 is thus homogeneously enriched with the available fuel gas.
  • the fuel is "rolled in” by the tangentially flowing air 7 between relatively thin layers of air, as a result of which subsequent mixing is unnecessary.
  • the swirl body 1 is closed on the combustion chamber side, as can be seen in FIG. 4, with the perforated plate 11, through which, as already explained, cooling air or dilution air can reach the combustion chamber 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows an expanded variant of the swirl body 1 already shown in FIG. 1.
  • the local version is supplemented with a pilot burner 15.
  • the gas line 3 is extended in the flow direction via the fuel lines 8.
  • the pilot burner version is particularly suitable if the swirl body 1 has more than two pairs of cones.
  • FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9 - which views can be seen through the planes VI, VII, VIII, IX according to FIG. 5 - the swirl body 1 constructed here from four pairs of cones does not differ conceptually from the one already explained , variant consisting of two pairs of cones.
  • the mixing of the fuels with the tangentially flowing air 7 is easier here, however, because it has to "roll in” smaller fuel rates.
  • the injection of the fuel via the four oil nozzles 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d is also directed axially onto the outer cones 4a, 5a, 16a, 17a.
  • the swirl body 1 now consists of four double-curved sheets 4, 5, 16, 17, which are in the planes of the diagonals 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d are folded into double cones. These diagonals run outwards in the direction of flow in a cone-shaped manner, so that the outer cones 4a, 5a, 16a, 17a taper, while the inner cones 4b, 5b, 16b, 17b expand.
  • the inner cones 4b, 5b, 16b, 17b each carry at the end a fuel line 8 provided with fuel nozzles 9, which in cooperation with the rib 10 serves to increase the rigidity of the folded sheets 4, 5, 16, 17.

Abstract

Beim Dualbrenner einer Gasturbine oder ener Heissgaserzeugung wird der Drallkörper (1) aus mindestens zwei mit tangentialem Lufteintritt (7) beaufschlagten doppeltgekrümmten Blechen (4, 5) gebildet. Diese Bleche (4, 5) sind entlang in Abströmungsrichtung kegelstrahlig nach aussen verlaufenden Diagonalen (10a, 10b) gefalzt. Die eine gekrümmte Falzseite bildet einen in Abströmungsrichtung sich erweiternden Innenkegel (4b, 5b), während die andere gekrümmte Falzseite einen in Abströmungsrichtung sich verjüngenden Aussenkegel (4a 5b) bildet. Die Innengekel (4b, 5b) tragen endseitig je eine Brennstoffleitung (8), deren Brennstoffdüsen (9) gegen den Innenraum des Drallkörpers (1) gerichtet sind. Der flüssige Brennstoff ist auf die Aussenkegel (4a, 5a) gerichtet, wobei der dort sich bildende Oelfilm (6) von der in die Aussenkegel (4a, 5a) einströmenden Luft (7) "eingerollt" wird.In the dual burner of a gas turbine or hot gas generation, the swirl body (1) is formed from at least two double-curved sheets (4, 5) with tangential air inlet (7). These sheets (4, 5) are folded along diagonals (10a, 10b) running outwards in the direction of the outflow. One curved fold side forms an inner cone (4b, 5b) that widens in the outflow direction, while the other curved fold side forms an outer cone (4a 5b) that tapers in the outflow direction. The inner legs (4b, 5b) each have a fuel line (8) at the end, the fuel nozzles (9) of which are directed towards the interior of the swirl body (1). The liquid fuel is directed onto the outer cones (4a, 5a), the oil film (6) forming there being "rolled up" by the air (7) flowing into the outer cones (4a, 5a).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Dualbrenner nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Sie betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Vermischung von Luft mit dem in den Dualbrenner einströmenden flüssigen Brennstoff.The present invention relates to a dual burner according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a method for mixing air with the liquid fuel flowing into the dual burner.

Die meisten Drallkörper von Dualbrennern erfordern wegen ihrer relativ komplizierten Geometrie eine aufwendige und teure Fertigung. Insbesondere bei Vormischbrennern dürfen durch die dort als Bestandteil von Dualbrennern eingebauten Drallkörper keine Ablösungszonen auftreten, weil diese die Gefahr der Rückzündung stark erhöhen würden.Most swirl bodies of dual burners require complex and expensive production because of their relatively complicated geometry. Particularly in the case of premix burners, the swirl bodies installed there as a component of dual burners must not cause any separation zones because these would greatly increase the risk of reignition.

Eine bekannte Möglichkeit, einen ablösungsfreien Drallkörper zu bauen, besteht darin, einen Rohrmantel mit tangentialen Eintrittsschlitzen zu versehen. Auf diese Weise entsteht einPotentialwirbel, der axial abströmt. Es zeigt sich nun aber, dass Wirbelrückströmzonen (Vortex Breakdown) in einem Potentialwirbel sehr schlechte Stabilitätseigenschaften aufweisen.A known possibility of building a detachable swirl body is to provide a tubular jacket with tangential entry slots. This creates a potential vortex that flows axially. However, it can now be seen that vortex breakdown zones in a potential vortex have very poor stability properties.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Dualbrenner der eingangs genannten Art die Erzeugung einer stabilen Wirbelrückströmzone zu bewerkstelligen.The invention seeks to remedy this. The object of the invention, as characterized in the claims, is to produce a stable vortex backflow zone in a dual burner of the type mentioned at the outset.

Zu diesem Zweck müssen die Bedingungen erfüllt werden, wonach das axiale Profil der vom Drallkörper erzeugten Wirbelströmung in der Nähe der Achse eine Geschwindigkeits- überhöhung aufweisen, während der Drall gegen die Achse hin stark abnehmen muss.For this purpose, the conditions must be met, according to which the axial profile of the vortex flow generated by the swirl body has a speed increase in the vicinity of the axis, while the swirl must decrease sharply towards the axis.

Die Ziele der Erfindung werden grundsätzlich dadurch erreicht, dass geschlitzte Kegel mit geeigneten Oeffnungswinkeln vorgesehen werden; damit erhält man eine optimale Möglichkeit, die Vorzüge eines Potentialwirbelrohres und eines strömungsmechanisch perfekten Drallkörpers zu kombinieren. In diesem Fall erhält man eine Wirbelströmung, die im Zentrum drallarm ist und einen Axialgeschwindigkeitsüberschuss aufweist. Weil die Drallzahl dieses Brenners nun in axialer Richtung stark zunimmt und am Brennerende den Breakdown-Wert bzw. den kritischen Wert erreicht, ergibt dies eine positionsstabile Wirbelrückströmzone.The objectives of the invention are basically achieved in that slotted cones are provided with suitable opening angles; this gives you an optimal opportunity to combine the advantages of a potential vortex tube and a fluid-mechanically perfect swirl body. In this case, a vortex flow is obtained which is low in swirl in the center and has an axial speed excess. Because the number of swirls of this burner increases strongly in the axial direction and reaches the breakdown value or the critical value at the end of the burner, this results in a positionally stable vortex backflow zone.

Abgesehen von seiner äusserst einfachen Konstruktion, welche die Erzeugung einer Vielfalt von Wirbelströmungstypen erlaubt, weist dieser Dualbrenner weitere Vorteile auf:

  • - Durch den tangentialen Lufteintritt in die Kegel wird der dort eingedüste Brennstoff zwischen relativ dünnen Luftschichten "eingerollt", wodurch die Erzeugung einer starken Vermischung überflüssig wird.
  • - Die Vorzüge des Vormischbrenners (wenig NO x und CO) stellen sich ein: Der Impuls der Eindüsung von flüssigem Brennstoff wird bei Vollast so gewählt, dass der Flüssig-Brennstoffilm bis ans Ende eines Aussenkegels eindringt. Bei kleinerer Last verkleinert sich die Eindringtiefe, so dass die Aussenbereiche der Wirbelströmung von Brennstoff frei bleiben. Dadurch stellt sich eine Selbstregulierung ein, welche bewirkt, dass das Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch im Wirbelzentrum nie zu mager oder zu fett wird. Damit wird eine gute Flammenstabilität in einem weiten Betriebsbereich gewährleistet.
  • - Es besteht keine Rückzündgefahr. Flammenfetzen, die bei Störungen in die Aussenkegel gelangen könnten, werden von der Strömung sofort wieder in den Innenkegel hineingespült.
  • - Flüssige Brennstoffe müssen nicht zerstäubt werden.
  • - Die Bauweise dieses Dualbrenners ist sehr viel kompakter als diejenige eines Vormischbrenners (keine Vormischstrecke).
In addition to its extremely simple construction, which allows the generation of a variety of eddy current types, this dual burner has other advantages:
  • - Due to the tangential air entry into the cone, the fuel injected there is "rolled in" between relatively thin layers of air, making the generation of strong mixing unnecessary.
  • - The advantages of the premix burner (little NO x and CO) set in: The impulse of the injection of liquid At full load, fuel is selected so that the liquid fuel film penetrates to the end of an outer cone. With a lower load, the penetration depth decreases so that the outer areas of the vortex flow remain free of fuel. This results in self-regulation, which means that the fuel / air mixture in the vortex center never becomes too lean or too rich. This ensures good flame stability over a wide operating range.
  • - There is no risk of reignition. Scraps of flame that could get into the outer cone in the event of faults are immediately flushed back into the inner cone by the flow.
  • - Liquid fuels do not have to be atomized.
  • - The design of this dual burner is much more compact than that of a premix burner (no premix section).

Vorteilhafte und zweckmässige Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabenlösung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and expedient developments of the task solution according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing.

Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Dualbrenner,
  • Fig. 2 eine Ansicht des Dualbrenners aus Fig. 1 durch Ebene II,
  • Fig. 3 eine Ansicht des Dualbrenners aus Fig. 1 durch Ebene III,
  • Fig. 4 eine Ansicht des Dualbrenners aus Fig. 1 durch Ebene IV,
  • Fig. 5 eine weitere Ausführung des Dualbrenners,
  • Fig. 6 eine Ansicht des Dualbrenners aus Fig. 5 durch Ebene IV,
  • Fig. 7 eine Ansicht des Dualbrenners aus Fig. 5 durch Ebene VII,
  • Fig. 8 eine Ansicht des Dualbrenners aus Fig. 5 durch Ebene VIII und
  • Fig. 9 eine Ansicht des Dualbrenners aus Fig. 5 durch Ebene IX.
It shows:
  • 1 shows a dual burner,
  • 2 shows a view of the dual burner from FIG. 1 through plane II,
  • 3 shows a view of the dual burner from FIG. 1 through plane III,
  • 4 shows a view of the dual burner from FIG. 1 through plane IV,
  • 5 shows a further embodiment of the dual burner,
  • 6 is a view of the dual burner from FIG. 5 through plane IV,
  • 7 is a view of the dual burner from FIG. 5 through plane VII,
  • 8 is a view of the dual burner from FIG. 5 through plane VIII and
  • FIG. 9 is a view of the dual burner from FIG. 5 through plane IX.

Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung nicht erforderlichen Elemente sind fortgelassen. Die Strömungsrichtung der Medien ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet. In den verschiedenen Figuren sind jeweils gleiche Elemente mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.All elements not necessary for the immediate understanding of the invention have been omitted. The direction of flow of the media is indicated by arrows. In the various figures, the same elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Dualbrenner in Strömungsrichtung zu den dort zum Einsatz gelangenden Medien. Der Dualbrenner, der vor dem nur andeutungsweise markierten Brennraum 13 einer Brennkammer plaziert ist, besteht im wesentlichen aus einem zu einem Drallkörper geformten Gebilde, einer Oelleitung 2 und einer Gasleitung 3. Das Drallkörpergebilde selbst besteht aus zwei doppeltgekrümmten Blechen, die durch Biegen ebener Bleche erzeugt werden können. Auf einer bestimmten Diagonale sind die Bleche gefalzt und mit einer Rippe versteift (siehe Fig. 2, 3, 4). Weil die Diagonalen in der Mittelebene der Strömungsrichtung kegelstrahlig auseinandergehen, entsteht jeweils eine Anordnung von Innenkegeln 4b, 5b, die sich in Strömungsrichtung erweitern und eine Anordnung von Aussenkegeln 4a, 5a, die sich in Strömungsrichtung verjüngen.Fig. 1 shows a dual burner in the direction of flow to the media used there. The dual burner, which is placed in front of the combustion chamber 13 of a combustion chamber, which is only hinted at, is essentially composed of a structure formed into a swirl body, an oil line 2 and a gas line 3. The swirl body structure itself consists of two double-curved plates which are produced by bending flat plates can be. The sheets are folded on a certain diagonal and stiffened with a rib (see FIGS. 2, 3, 4). Because the diagonals diverge in a cone-shaped manner in the central plane of the flow direction, an arrangement of inner cones 4b, 5b that expand in the flow direction and an arrangement of outer cones 4a, 5a that taper in the flow direction are created.

Die herangeführten Brennstoffe - Brenngas und Brennoel - werden individuell in den Drallkörper 1 eingeleitet und erfüllen somit die an einen Dualbrenner gestellten Anforderungen. Die Oelleitung 2 teilt sich vor dem Drallkörper 1 in zwei Oeldüsen 2a, 2b auf, dergestalt, dass deren Eindüsung axial auf die Aussenkegel 4a, 5a gerichtet ist. Der Impuls der Oeleindüsung bei Vollast wird so gewählt, dass der Oelfilm 6 bis ans Ende eines Aussenkegels 4a bzw. 5a eindringt. Bei reduzierter Last verkleinert sich die Eindringtiefe entsprechend, so dass die Aussenbezirke der Wirbelströmung von Brennstoff frei bleiben. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Selbstregulierung, die bewirkt, dass das Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch 7a im Wirbelzentrum nie zu mager oder zu fett wird. Die Drallstärke der Wirbelströmung ist von der gewählten Weite des Schlitzes, der sich zwischen dem Aussenkegel 4a, 5a und dem Innenkegel 4b, 5b ergibt, abhängig. Die in Strömungsrichtung sich verjüngenden Aussenkegel 4a, 5a erfüllen somit verschiedene Funktionen. Sie dienen einerseits als Träger des von den Oeldüsen 2a, 2b freigegebenen Oelfilms 6; des weiteren dienen die Aussenkegel 4a, 5a der Strömungsführung des Arbeitsgemisches, das sich durch die Drallbewegung in axialer Richtung abrollt. Die Strahlungswärme, welche die Bleche vom Brennraum 13 erhalten, kann hier zum Teil auf den Oelfilm 6 übertragen werden. Somit findet die herangeführte Luft 7 mindestens teilweise verdampftes Del vor, wodurch die Vermischung optimal vonstatten geht. Selbst wenn Anteile des Oelfilms 6 allenfalls nicht vollständig verdampfen, bietet dies weiter keine Nachteile, denn die tangential herangeführte Luft ist in der Lage den verbleibenden Oelfilm 6 schichtweise "einzurollen". Die in Strömungsrichtung sich erweiternden Innenkegel 4b, 5b weisen krümmungsendseitig, als Fortsetzung der Gasleitung 3, Brennstoffleitungen 8 auf, die der Zuführung eines gasförmigen Brennstoffes dienen. Die Brennstoffleitungen 8, die mit Düsen ergänzt sind, dienen danebst auch der Uersteifung des Drallkörpers 1. Dieser wird brennkemmerseitig mit einem Lochblech 11 abgeschlossen, durch welches Kühlluft bzw. Verdünnungsluft für den ersten Teil der Brennkammerwand bzw. des Brennraumes 13 zugeführt werden kann. Die in Fig. 1 nicht ersichtlichen Schlitzbreiten 14 sind so gewählt, dass die Rückströmzone 12 am stromabgelegenen Ende der Innenkegel 4b, 5b beginnt. Für gewisse Anwendungen kann es allerdings von Vorteil sein, schmälere Luftschlitze zu wählen. In diesem Falle würde sich die Rückströmzone 12 stromaufwärts verschieben und das Gemisch käme dann entsprechend früher zur Zündung.The fuels introduced - fuel gas and fuel oil - are introduced individually into the swirl body 1 and thus meet the requirements placed on a dual burner. The oil line 2 divides in front of the swirl body 1 into two oil nozzles 2a, 2b in such a way that their injection is directed axially onto the outer cone 4a, 5a. The impulse of the oil injection at full load is selected so that the oil film 6 penetrates to the end of an outer cone 4a or 5a. When the load is reduced, the penetration depth decreases accordingly, so that the outer areas of the vortex flow remain free of fuel. This results in self-regulation, which means that the fuel / air mixture 7a in the vortex center never becomes too lean or too rich. The swirl strength of the vortex flow is dependent on the selected width of the slot that results between the outer cone 4a, 5a and the inner cone 4b, 5b. The outer cones 4a, 5a tapering in the direction of flow thus fulfill various functions. On the one hand, they serve as carriers of the oil film 6 released by the oil nozzles 2a, 2b; Furthermore, the outer cones 4a, 5a serve to guide the flow of the working mixture, which rolls in the axial direction due to the swirl movement. The radiant heat which the sheets receive from the combustion chamber 13 can be partially transferred to the oil film 6 here. Thus, the supplied air 7 finds at least partially evaporated Del, as a result of which the mixing takes place optimally. Even if portions of the oil film 6 do not evaporate completely at all, this does not offer any further disadvantages, since the air which is brought in tangentially is able to "roll up" the remaining oil film 6 in layers. The inner cones 4b, 5b, which widen in the direction of flow, have fuel lines 8 on the bend end, as a continuation of the gas line 3, which serve to supply a gaseous fuel. The fuel lines 8, the are supplemented with nozzles, also serve to stiffen the swirl body 1. This is closed on the combustion boiler side with a perforated plate 11 through which cooling air or dilution air for the first part of the combustion chamber wall or the combustion chamber 13 can be supplied. The slot widths 14 which cannot be seen in FIG. 1 are selected such that the backflow zone 12 begins at the downstream end of the inner cones 4b, 5b. For certain applications, however, it can be advantageous to choose narrower louvers. In this case, the backflow zone 12 would shift upstream and the mixture would then start earlier accordingly.

Weil die Drallzahl in Strömungsrichtung zunimmt und den Breakdown-Wert bzw. den kritischen Wert am Ende der Innenkegel 4b, 5b erreicht wird, ist die Rückströmzone 12 an sich positionsstabil. Die Verjüngungs- und Erweiterungsraten der Kegel 4a, 4b resp. 4b, 5b sind von den Eigenschaften der Brennkammer abhängig, ebenso die Baulänge des Drallkörpers 1.Because the swirl number increases in the direction of flow and the breakdown value or the critical value is reached at the end of the inner cone 4b, 5b, the backflow zone 12 is inherently positionally stable. The taper and expansion rates of the cones 4a, 4b and. 4b, 5b depend on the properties of the combustion chamber, as does the overall length of the swirl body 1.

Fig. 2, 3, 4 sind Ansichten durch die Ebenen II, III, IV gemäss Fig. 1. Daraus ist gut ersichtlich, wie die Kegel 4a, 5a und 4b, 5b sich verjüngen resp. erweitern. In den Ebenen der Diagonalen 10a, 10b sind die Bleche 4, 5 gefalzt und jeweils mit einer Rippe 10 versteift. Auch ist aus diesen Figuren gut ersichtlich, wie die Luft 7 tangential in die Kegel einströmt und durch deren Krümmung die Drallbewegung initiert wird. Die Anteile des Oelfilms 6, die nicht unmittelbar verdampfen, werden von der verdrallten Luft 7 schichtweise "eingerollt", wodurch gewährleistet wird, dass das Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch eine homogene Konzentration aufweist. In Strömungsrichtung nehmen die Schlitzbreiten 14 zwischen Innen- und Aussenkegeln zu, während die Einströmungsöffnungen 14a zwischen Brennstoffleitungen 8 und Aussenkegeln 4a, 5b abnehmen.2, 3, 4 are views through the planes II, III, IV according to FIG. 1. This clearly shows how the cones 4a, 5a and 4b, 5b taper respectively. expand. The plates 4, 5 are folded in the planes of the diagonals 10a, 10b and each stiffened with a rib 10. These figures also clearly show how the air 7 flows tangentially into the cone and how the swirl movement is initiated by its curvature. The portions of the oil film 6 which do not evaporate immediately are "rolled up" in layers by the swirled air 7, which ensures that the fuel / air mixture has a homogeneous concentration. In the direction of flow, the slot widths 14 between the inner and outer cones increase, while the inflow openings 14a between fuel lines 8 and outer cones 4a, 5b decrease.

Es ist aus diesen Figuren des weiteren ersichtlich, dass die Brennstoffleitungen 8 mit Brennstoffdüsen 9 versehen sind, welche das Brenngas gegen die Mitte des Drallkörpers 1 eindüsen. Die tangential einströmende Luft 7 wird dadurch mit dem zur Verfügung stehenden Brenngas homogen angereichert. Auch hier wird der Brennstoff von der tangential einströmenden Luft 7 zwischen relativ dünnen Luftschichten "eingerollt", wodurch eine nachträgliche Vermischung überflüssig wird. Der Drallkörper 1 wird brennkammerseitig, wie aus Fig. 4 hervorgeht, mit dem Lochblech 11 abgeschlossen, durch welches, wie bereits erläutert, Kühlluft bzw. Verdünnungsluft zum Brennraum 13 gelangen kann.It can further be seen from these figures that the fuel lines 8 are provided with fuel nozzles 9 which inject the fuel gas towards the center of the swirl body 1. The tangentially flowing air 7 is thus homogeneously enriched with the available fuel gas. Here, too, the fuel is "rolled in" by the tangentially flowing air 7 between relatively thin layers of air, as a result of which subsequent mixing is unnecessary. The swirl body 1 is closed on the combustion chamber side, as can be seen in FIG. 4, with the perforated plate 11, through which, as already explained, cooling air or dilution air can reach the combustion chamber 13.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine erweiterte Variante des bereits unter Fig. 1 dargestellten Drallkörpers 1. Die hiesige Ausführung ist mit einem Pilotbrenner 15 ergänzt. Dazu wird die Gasleitung 3 über die Brennstoffleitungen 8 in Strömungsrichtung verlängert. Die Pilotbrenner-Ausführung eignet sich insbesondere gut, wenn der Drallkörper 1 mehr als zwei Kegelpaare aufweist.FIG. 5 shows an expanded variant of the swirl body 1 already shown in FIG. 1. The local version is supplemented with a pilot burner 15. For this purpose, the gas line 3 is extended in the flow direction via the fuel lines 8. The pilot burner version is particularly suitable if the swirl body 1 has more than two pairs of cones.

Wie aus Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9 - welche Ansichten durch die Ebenen VI, VII, VIII, IX gemäss Fig. 5 sind - ersichtlich ist, unterscheidet sich der hier aus vier Paar Kegeln aufgebaute Drallkörper 1 konzeptionsmässig nicht von der bereits erläuterten, aus zwei Paar Kegeln bestehenden Variante. Die Vermischung der Brennstoffe mit der tangential einströmenden Luft 7 gestaltet sich hier indessen einfacher, weil diese jeweils kleinere Brennstoffraten "einzurollen" hat. Die Eindüsung des Brennstoffes über die vier Oeldüsen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d ist auch hier axial auf die Aussenkegel 4a, 5a, 16a, 17a gerichtet. Der Drallkörper 1 besteht nun aus vier doppeltgekrümmten Blechen 4, 5, 16, 17, die in den Ebenen der Diagonalen 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d zu Doppelkegeln gefalzt sind. Dabei verlaufen diese Diagonalen in Strömungsrichtung kegelstrahlig nach aussen, so dass sich die Aussenkegel 4a, 5a, 16a, 17a verjüngen, während die Innenkegel 4b, 5b, 16b, 17b sich erweitern. Die Innenkegel 4b, 5b, 16b, 17b tragen endseitig je eine mit Brennstoffdüsen 9 versehene Brennstoffleitung 8, welche im Zusammenwirken mit der Rippe 10 dazu dient, die Steifigkeit der gefalzten Bleche 4, 5, 16, 17 zu erhöhen.As can be seen from FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9 - which views can be seen through the planes VI, VII, VIII, IX according to FIG. 5 - the swirl body 1 constructed here from four pairs of cones does not differ conceptually from the one already explained , variant consisting of two pairs of cones. The mixing of the fuels with the tangentially flowing air 7 is easier here, however, because it has to "roll in" smaller fuel rates. The injection of the fuel via the four oil nozzles 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d is also directed axially onto the outer cones 4a, 5a, 16a, 17a. The swirl body 1 now consists of four double-curved sheets 4, 5, 16, 17, which are in the planes of the diagonals 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d are folded into double cones. These diagonals run outwards in the direction of flow in a cone-shaped manner, so that the outer cones 4a, 5a, 16a, 17a taper, while the inner cones 4b, 5b, 16b, 17b expand. The inner cones 4b, 5b, 16b, 17b each carry at the end a fuel line 8 provided with fuel nozzles 9, which in cooperation with the rib 10 serves to increase the rigidity of the folded sheets 4, 5, 16, 17.

Brennkammerseitig ist die verbleibende Oeffnung des Drallkörpers 1 durch ein Lochblech 11 abgeschlossen. Die Wirkungsweise dieses erweiterten Drallkörpers 1 unterscheidet sich nicht von derjenigen Ausführung, die unter Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 erläutert wurde.On the combustion chamber side, the remaining opening of the swirl body 1 is closed by a perforated plate 11. The mode of operation of this expanded swirl body 1 does not differ from that embodiment which was explained under FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Claims (6)

1. Dualbrenner einer Gasturbine oder einer Heissgaserzeugung, im wesentlichen bestehend aus Drallkörper und Zuführungen von gasförmigen und flüssigen Brennstoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drallkörper (1) aus mindestens zwei mit tangentialem Lufteintritt (7) beaufschlagten doppeltgekrümmten Blechen (4, 5) besteht, die entlang in Abströmungsrichtung kegelstrahlig nach aussen verlaufenden Diagonalen (10a, 10b) gefalzt sind, dergestalt, dass die eine gekrümmte Falzseite einen in Abströmungsrichtung sich erweiternden Innenkegel (4b, 5b) bildet, während die andere gekrümmte Falzseite einen Aussenkegel (4a, 5b) bildet, der sich in Abströmungsrichtung verjüngt, wobei die gekrümmten Falzseiten der in Abströmungsrichtung sich erweiternden Innenkegel (4b, 5b) endseitig mit einer mit Brennstoffdüsen (9) versehenen Brennstoffleitung (8) bestückt sind.1. dual burner of a gas turbine or of a hot gas generation, essentially consisting of swirl bodies and feeds of gaseous and liquid fuels, characterized in that the swirl body (1) consists of at least two double-curved sheets (4, 5) acted upon with tangential air inlet (7), which are folded along the diagonals (10a, 10b), which run conically in the outflow direction, in such a way that one curved fold side forms an inner cone (4b, 5b) that widens in the outflow direction, while the other curved fold side forms an outer cone (4a, 5b) , which tapers in the outflow direction, the curved fold sides of the inner cones (4b, 5b) widening in the outflow direction being equipped at the end with a fuel line (8) provided with fuel nozzles (9). 2. Dualbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffdüsen (9) gegen den Innenraum des Drallkörpers 1 gerichtet sind.2. Dual burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel nozzles (9) are directed against the interior of the swirl body 1. 3. Dualbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zentrisch zu den doppeltgefalzten Blechen (4, 5, 16, 17) ein Pilotbrenner (15) plaziert ist.3. Dual burner according to claim 1, characterized in that a pilot burner (15) is placed centrally to the double-folded sheets (4, 5, 16, 17). 4. Dualbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die abströmseitig verbleibende Querschnittsfläche zwischen Aussenkontur des Drallkörpers (1) und Kegel- öffnungen (4a, 4b; 5a, 5b; 16a, 16b; 17a, 17b) durch ein Lochblech (11) abgeschlossen ist.4. Dual burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the downstream cross-sectional area between the outer contour of the swirl body (1) and cone openings (4a, 4b; 5a, 5b; 16a, 16b; 17a, 17b) is closed by a perforated plate (11) is. 5. Dualbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Falzdiagonalen (10a, lOb, 10c, lOd) durch eine Rippe (10) verstärkt sind.5. Dual burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the fold diagonals (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) are reinforced by a rib (10). 6. Verfahren zur Vermischung von Luft mit dem in den Dualbrenner nach Anspruch 1 einströmenden flüssigen Brennstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Eindüsung des flüssigen Brennstoffes (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) auf die Aussenkegel (4a, 5a, 16a, 17a) gerichtet ist, wobei der dort sich bildende Film (6) von der in die Aussenkegel (4a, 5a, 16a, 17a) tangential einströmenden Luft (7) eingerollt wird.6. A method for mixing air with the liquid fuel flowing into the dual burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection of the liquid fuel (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) is directed towards the outer cone (4a, 5a, 16a, 17a) The film (6) formed there is rolled by the air (7) flowing tangentially into the outer cones (4a, 5a, 16a, 17a).
EP86109039A 1985-07-30 1986-07-02 Dual combustor Expired EP0210462B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1286886C (en) 1991-07-30
JPS6338812A (en) 1988-02-19
IN167458B (en) 1990-10-27
JPH06103085B2 (en) 1994-12-14
US4781030A (en) 1988-11-01
EP0210462B1 (en) 1989-03-15
DE3662462D1 (en) 1989-04-20

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